MECHANICAL & AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

ME 115 -- Steam Turbine Experiment Goal The goal of this lab is for you to revie i!"orta#t ther!o$y#a!i%s %o#%e"ts a#$ a""ly the! to the o"eratio# of a stea! turbi#e& I# a$$itio#' you shoul$ be%o!e fa!iliar ith the %o!"le(ities of ru##i#g a#$ a%)uiri#g $ata for a# a%tual e#ergy %o#versio# $evi%e' i# this %ase a stea! turbi#e& So!e of you !ay have "erfor!e$ a si!ilar eb*base$ e("eri!e#t i# ME ++,& This e("eri!e#t ill allo you to see ho a real syste! or-s a#$ ill let you revie these i!"orta#t %o#%e"ts& Apparatus The e("eri!e#tal a""aratus is i# the E#ergy Co#versio# Laboratory i# Roo! E++,& The a""aratus %o#sists of a .orthi#gto# Moore si#gle stage' i!"ulse stea! turbi#e& The turbi#e has a rate$ "o er out"ut of ,/ h"& The stea! turbi#e a""aratus utili0es "ro%ess stea! fro! the "o er "la#t lo%ate$ here o# the %a!"us of Sa# 1ose State 2#iversity& The heat e#ergy of the stea! is first %o#verte$ to velo%ity e#ergy by e("a#sio# of the stea! i# the turbi#e #o00les& I# a# i!"ulse turbi#e' the turbi#e is rotate$ by the for%e of the stea! i!"i#gi#g o# the !ovi#g bla$es& I# a si#gle stage turbi#e the stea! e("a#$s fro! the i#itial to the fi#al or e(haust "ressure i# o#e #o00le 3or set of #o00les all or-i#g at the sa!e "ressure4' a#$ the e#ergy is absorbe$ i# o#e or !ore ro s of revolvi#g bla$es& The lo *"ressure stea! fro! the turbi#e is the# %o#$e#se$ a#$ $rai#e$ off& The stea! turbi#e is i#stru!e#te$ ith the follo i#g5 Cha##el5 6ata 7or%e I#$e( +5 85 P8 ,5 P, 95 Ts :5 Not %o##e%te$ Stea! "ressure at turbi#e i#let 3"sig4 Stea! "ressure at turbi#e outlet 3"sig4 Stea! te!"erature at !aster stea! su""ly valve 374 Not %o##e%te$

Ther!o%ou"le S it%h +5 85 ,5 95 :5 ;5 <5 a!bie#t te!"erature T8 Te!"erature of stea! at turbi#e i#let 374 T, Te!"erature of stea! at turbi#e outlet 374 T9 Te!"erature of %ooli#g ater at %o#$e#ser i#let 374 T: Te!"erature of %ooli#g ater at $y#a!o!eter outlet 374 T; Te!"erature of %ooli#g at %o#$e#ser outlet 374 T< Te!"erature of %o#$e#se$ stea! at %o#$e#ser outlet 374

I# a$$itio#' the follo i#g is !easure$5 RPM S"ee$ of the turbi#e i# revolutio#s "er !i#ute

MECHANICAL & AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

T MC.

Tor)ue a""lie$ to the $y#a!o!eter 3ft*lbf4 =olu!etri% flo rate of %ooli#g ater i# the %o#$e#ser 3gal>!i#4

Lab Organization 7or! grou"s of t o or three& No grou"s of four ill be allo e$& I# this lab' so!e of the grou"s ill ta-e $ata 3Tas- +4' hile the others begi# so!e a#alysis 3see Tas- 8 i#stru%tio#s belo 4& .he# the first set of stu$e#ts fi#ish Tas- +' s it%h tas-s& After everyo#e is fi#ishe$ ta-i#g $ata' you %a# go ba%- to ta-e !ore $ata or e(a!i#e the e)ui"!e#t i# !ore $etail& Task 1 Proce ure! 7ollo the "ro%e$ure belo & There ill be a lab te%h#i%ia# a#$>or i#stru%tor to assist you& Start*2" +& Tur# o# the i#stru!e#t "a#el ith the "o er s it%h lo%ate$ o# the lo er left ha#$ %or#er of the "a#el& .hile "art of the grou" is goi#g through the follo i#g "ro%e$ure' o#e !e!ber of the grou" shoul$ be%o!e fa!iliar ith the i#stru!e#t "a#el' the $iffere#t s it%hes a#$ rea$outs& See A""aratus se%tio# for further $es%ri"tio# of the i#stru!e#tatio#& 8& O"e# the valves for the %ooli#g ater su""ly 3$ar- gree#4 a#$ retur# 3light gree#4 for the %o#$e#si#g heat e(%ha#ger a#$ the $y#a!o!eter& The valves for the heat e(%ha#ger are lo%ate$ to the right of the i#stru!e#t "a#el& The valves for the $y#a!o!eter are lo%ate$ to the left ha#$ si$e of the a""aratus' behi#$ the i#stru!e#t "a#el& ,& O"e# the ?!aster stea! su""ly valve@ lo%ate$ to the rear of the a""aratus& This valve !ay alrea$y be o"e#& Please %he%- ith the lab i#stru%tor first& Aefore o"e#i#g the !aster stea! su""ly valve' !a-e sure that the ?!ai# stea! su""ly valve@ to the a""aratus is %lose$& The !ai# stea! su""ly is lo%ate$ at the rear of the a""aratus a#$ has a large blue ha#$le& 9& O"e# the %o#$e#sate $rai# valves& There are si( 3;4 %o#$e#sate $rai# valves& These valves have re$ ha#$les a#$ are lo%ate$ to ar$ the lo er rear of the a""aratus& :& There are three 3,4 valves hi%h %o#trol the flo of stea! through the turbi#e #o00les& The valve for the "ri!ary #o00le is lo%ate$ to ar$ the rear of the a""aratus' #ear the stea! i#let to the turbi#e& The t o valves for the se%o#$ary #o00les have silver ha#$les a#$ are lo%ate$ #ear the rear of the a""aratus behi#$ the turbi#e housi#g& Ma-e sure that these valves are %lose$& ;& .ait u#til the "i"i#g bet ee# !aster stea! su""ly valve a#$ the !ai# stea! su""ly valve heats u" 3about +/ !i#utes after the !aster stea! su""ly valve has bee# o"e#e$4& If the !aster stea! su""ly valve as alrea$y o"e#' s-i" to ste" seve# 3<4&

MECHANICAL & AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

<& O"e# the !ai# stea! su""ly valve o#e tur# 3blue ha#$le4& .he# the valve is o"e#e$ a#$ the turbi#e starts to rotate' %o#$e#se$ stea! ill start to s"ray out the seals& This is #or!al& As the stea! %o!es i# %o#ta%t ith the turbi#e' housi#g' "i"i#g' et%&' the stea! %o#$e#ses& So!e of the %o#$e#sate is $rai#e$ off 3re!e!ber the re$ ha#$le$ valves4' so!e is s"raye$ out the shaft seals' a#$ so!e is %arrie$ through to the %o#$e#si#g heat e(%ha#ger& Sta#$ a ay fro! the rotatio#al "la#e of the turbi#e to avoi$ getti#g et& B& .ait u#til the stea! turbi#e heats u" 3about +/ to +: !i#utes4& As the turbi#e heats u"' less of the stea! ill %o#$e#se i#si$e the turbi#e u#it& C& O"e# the !ai# stea! su""ly valve all the ay& The s"ee$ of the turbi#e ill i#%rease a#$ there !ay be !ore %o#$e#sate s"ray fro! the shaft seals& +/& .ait u#til the a!ou#t of %o#$e#sate s"ray is !i#i!al a#$ the# %lose so!e of the %o#$e#sate $rai# valves& As you are fa%i#g the a""aratus fro! behi#$' %lose the four %o#$e#sate $rai# valves to your right at the base of the a""aratus 3re$ ha#$le4& The other t o valves %a# be left o"e#& ++& A""ly a loa$ setti#g of ?8/@ at the "ote#tio!eter o# the i#stru!e#t "a#el& O"e# u" the valve for the "ri!ary #o00le& +8& 6o #ot e(%ee$ ,;// RPM& There is a rea$out for the RPM o# the i#stru!e#t "a#el& If the s"ee$ of the turbi#e e(%ee$s ,;// RPM' the e!erge#%y overs"ee$ gover#or ill shut off the stea! su""ly& To reset' $o the follo i#g5 a& Close the !ai# stea! su""ly valve 3blue ha#$le4& b& O"e# the %o#$e#sate $rai# valves 3re$ ha#$les4 o# either si$e of the overs"ee$ valve 3as you are fa%i#g the a""aratus fro! behi#$' the t o valves to your right at the base of the a""aratus4& %& Lift the yello lever o# the gover#or a#$ reset& $& Close the valve for the "ri!ary #o00le& e& Re$u%e the loa$ o# the turbi#e by setti#g the "ote#tio!eter o# the i#stru!e#t "a#el to 0ero& f& No the !ai# stea! su""ly valve %a# be o"e#e$ a#$ the %o#$e#sate $rai# valves %lose$& +,& .ith the "ote#tio!eter o# the i#stru!e#t "a#el set to ?B/@' a$Dust the stea! flo rate so that the s"ee$ of the turbi#e is 89// RPM& .ait for stea$y state& This !ea#s that the s"ee$ of the turbi#e is relatively %o#sta#t 3 :/ RPM4' a#$ the te!"eratures of the stea! flo a#$ the %ooli#g ater flo are relatively %o#sta#t at ea%h state 3i#let a#$ outlet4& It !ay be #e%essary to o"e# o#e or both of the valves for the se%o#$ary #o00les 3silver ha#$les4& .ait a""ro(i!ately : !i#utes for stea$y state& Re%or$ $ata usi#g the atta%he$ $ata sheet& +9& .ile !ai#tai#i#g the turbi#e s"ee$ at 89// RM' re$u%e the loa$ by setti#g the loa$ "ote#tio!eter to ?:/@& .ait for stea$y state a#$ re%or$ the $ata& +:& Re$u%e the loa$ setti#g of the "ote#tio!eter to ?8/@& Mai#tai# the turbi#e s"ee$ at 89// RPM& .ait for stea$y state a#$ re%or$ the $ata& +;& Re"eat ste"s 3+,4' 3+94' a#$ 3+:4 at ea%h loa$ hile !ai#tai#i#g the turbi#e s"ee$ at +B// RPM& At the e#$' $ata shoul$ be re%or$e$ for si( 3;4 $iffere#t o"erati#g %o#$itio#s5 3,4 $iffere#t loa$ setti#gs ( 384 $iffere#t RPM&

MECHANICAL & AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

Shut*6o # +& Close valves for "ri!ary a#$ se%o#$ary #o00les& 8& Close !ai# stea! su""ly valve& ,& Re$u%e loa$ setti#g o# "ote#tio!eter to ?/& 9& O"e# all si( 3;4 %o#$e#sate $rai# valves& :& Shut off "o er to i#stru!e#t "a#el& ;& 6O NOT %lose %ooli#g ater valves& The lab te%h#i%ia# ill $o this after everythi#g has %oole$ $o #& Task " Starti#g fro! the first la for a# o"e# syste! u#$er stea$y*state' stea$y*flo & %o#$itio#s' $erive a# e("ressio# for the "o er out"ut of the turbi#e' . T 6erive a# e("ressio# for the rate of heat lost by the stea! i# the %o#$e#si#g heat e(%ha#ger' E C=+ 6erive a# e("ressio# for the rate heat gai#e$ by the %ooli#g ater i# the %o#$e#si#g heat e(%ha#ger' E C= 8 & ' is e)ual to the "o er Assu!e that the "o er out"ut of the turbi#e' . T out"ut as !easure$ by the $y#a!o!eter' %al%ulate$ usi#g RPM a#$ tor)ue& Assu!e that the heat lost by the stea! i# the %o#$e#si#g heat e(%ha#ger' E ater i# the %o#$e#si#g heat C=+ is e)ual to the heat gai#e$ by the %ooli#g e(%ha#ger' E C= 8 & Assu!e that the stea! at the i#let of the stea! turbi#e is saturate$ va"or a#$ that both flui$ strea!s e(iti#g the %o#$e#ser are sub%oole$ li)ui$& 6eter!i#e ho to %o#vert gal>!i# to lb!>s for li)ui$ ater& F#o i#g hat $ata you ill %olle%t 3or alrea$y $i$ %olle%t4' $eter!i#e ho you ill %al%ulate the !ass flo rate of stea! i# lb!>s a#$ the e#thal"y at the e(it of the turbi#e 3 hi%h is the i#let to the %o#$e#ser4& I#%lu$e all #e%essary %o#versio#s& Gou !ay fi#$ !ulti"le e)uatio#s ith !ulti"le u#-#o #s&

If you fi#ish this tas- before the other grou" has fi#ishe$ ta-i#g $ata' start $oi#g your %al%ulatio#s usi#g the follo i#g fa-e $ata& O#%e you have %o!"lete$ a set of %al%ulatio#s usi#g this fa-e $ata' it ill be very )ui%- to substitute the a%tual $ata& Gou $o #ot #ee$ to tur# these sa!"le %al%ulatio#s i# H o#ly the %al%ulatio#s ith the a%tual $ata& RPM5 8,// tor)ue5 ,/ ft*lbf P,5 / "sig T,5 8// I7 T:5 +/8 I7 T<5 8// I7 Cooli#g ater flo rate5 +// gal>!i# P85 B/ "sig T85 ,,/ I7 T95 C9 I7 T;5 ++: I7

MECHANICAL & AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

#alculations Gou !ay $o your %al%ulatio#s either by ha#$ or usi#g a %o!"uter "rogra! su%h as EES& If you use a %o!"uter "rogra!' !a-e sure to i#%lu$e the "rogra! "ri#tout i# the a""e#$i( of your re"ort' a#$ i#%lu$e %o!!e#ts so that it is %lear hat you are $oi#g& +& Cal%ulate the )uality of the stea! at the outlet of the turbi#e for ea%h o"erati#g %o#$itio# 3or give the state if there is #o )uality4& Also fi#$ the rate of heat tra#sfer i# the %o#$e#ser i# Atu>!i# a#$ the "o er of the e#gi#e i# horse"o er& 7or all %al%ulatio#s' !a-e the sa!e assu!"tio#s as u#$er ?Tas- 8@& I# "arti%ular' a& Assu!e that the heat lost by the stea! i# the %o#$e#si#g heat e(%ha#ger' E ater i# the %o#$e#si#g C=+ is e)ual to the heat gai#e$ by the %ooli#g heat e(%ha#ger' E C= 8 & b& Assu!e that the stea! at the i#let of the stea! turbi#e is saturate$ va"or a#$ that both flui$ strea!s e(iti#g the %o#$e#ser are sub%oole$ li)ui$& 8& Cal%ulate the ise#tro"i% effi%ie#%y of the turbi#e for ea%h o"erati#g %o#$itio#& Plot effi%ie#%y %urves for the turbi#e& 2se the "o er out"ut as the i#$e"e#$e#t variable 3(*a(is4' the effi%ie#%y as the $e"e#$e#t variable 3y*a(is4 a#$ "lot for %o#sta#t RPM& The ise#tro"i% effi%ie#%y of the turbi#e is $efi#e$ as the a%tual or- out"ut' .T' $ivi$e$ by the !a(i!u! "ossible or- out"ut' .S' or J.T>.S here the !a(i!u! "ossible or- out"ut is the ise#tro"i% or-& ,& Are "ressure a#$ te!"erature i#$e"e#$e#t for a saturate$ va"or' saturate$ li)ui$' or a saturate$ li)ui$*va"or !i(tureK 6o the tra#s$u%ers at the i#let a#$ outlet of the turbi#e i#$i%ate that "ressure a#$ te!"erature are i#$e"e#$e#tK .hy or hy #otK .hy is the a""aratus i#stru!e#te$ ith "ressure a#$ te!"erature tra#s$u%ers at the i#let a#$ outlet of the turbi#eK 9& 6is%uss the errors asso%iate$ ith the e("eri!e#t& $eport! See lab gree#sheet for the li#- givi#g the re)uire$ for!at& If you #ee$ to revie hat the a""aratus loo-s li-e' %he%- out htt"5>> &e#gr&sDsu&e$u>Drhee>vr>st!trb>st!turb&ht!