ACI376FoundationsforConcreteTanks Dallas,Texas

8/16/2012

Design and Construction of Concrete Tanks for Refrigerated Liquefied Gas Containment, Part 2
ACI Spring 2012 Convention March 18 21, Dallas, TX
ACI WEB SESSIONS

Michael S. Brannan, P.E. Retired civil/geotechnical engineer whose worldwide foundation experience in many different projects including refrigerated liquid gas storage provided the committee with a broad perspective on what is necessary and achievable within the code. Mike has provided geotechnical engineering expertise for onshore and offshore projects. Mike was Staff Upstream Civil/Geotechnical Engineer, Chief Geotechnical Engineer for Phillips Petroleum, Civil Engineer for Van Gundy & Associates, and Captain in the US Army Corps of Engineers at Fort Leonard Wood and the Mekong Delta of Viet Nam. He grew up operating heavy construction and farm equipment and attained Eagle Scout rank in Western Kansas. He has degrees in Civil Engineering and Geology from Kansas State University and a Masters in Civil/Environmental Engineering from the University of Oklahoma. He has attended a host of seminars and short courses as well as presenting seminars and portions of courses on several topics. ACI WEB SESSIONS

Foundation Types
Chapter 10 Foundations ACI 376-10
Supporting Concrete Structures Containing Refrigerated Liquefied Gases
ACI WEB SESSIONS

Shallow Foundations
Annular Rings and Mats Deep Foundations Driven or Drilled Piles

ACI WEB SESSIONS

Performance Issues
Support Live and Dead Loads Control Settlement
Initial, Long term, & Differential

Survive Extreme Events

Floods, Storms, Earthquakes, Fire
ACI WEB SESSIONS ACI WEB SESSIONS

GeotechnicalInvestigation
.andwecansave700lirabynot doingasoilsinvestigation.

MichaelS.Brannan Presenter

ACI376FoundationsforConcreteTanks Dallas,Texas

8/16/2012

GeotechnicalEngineer
ComprehensiveInvestigation
RegionalInformation Publishedwork RemoteSensing AerialorSatellite Geophysics Seismic,Electromagnetic FieldTests ConePenetrometer,Drilling LaboratoryTests
ACI WEB SESSIONS

SoilsPropertiesNecessary
ArealandVerticalDistributionofSoilUnits ThicknessofindividualSoilUnits UnitSoilProperties
Compressibility Initialandlongterm ShearStrength Shearmodulus ThermalandElectricalConductivity Drainageproperties

ACI WEB SESSIONS

BasicInformation
StructuralEngineertoGeotechnicalEngineer TankandFoundation Configuration GravityLoads,Wind&Seismicforces TensionUpliftForces PermissibleSettlementLimits TypesofFoundations tobeconsidered

Boreholes&ConePentrometers
OneatCenter&ThreeonPerimeter Greaterthan100ft,oneadditionalforeach 10,000sqftoftankarea. Depthtobelowsignificantinfluence<10%or tocompetentstratum PushCPTstorefusal(25ton) Centerto1.5D,perimeterto0.85Dmin.

ACI WEB SESSIONS

ACI WEB SESSIONS

EarthquakeGeotechnics
SiteSpecificSeismicHazardAssessment
GroundAccelerations,Velocities,&Displacements Usedtocalculateseismicresponseofstructure SoilStructureInteraction(NotonSiteClassA&B) SoilLiquefactionandSpreading(SSE&OBE) Mitigationmethodsandpotential

ShallowFoundationDesign
AllowableBearingPressure(lesserof)
PermissibleTotal&DifferentialSettlement UltimateBearingPressure/Min.FactorofSafety MinimumFactorofSafety Table10.1 EdgeshearandBaseshear

Overturning&Anchorage SlidingResistanceMin.FactorofSafety
1.5forWind&OBE 1.2SSE

ACI WEB SESSIONS

ACI WEB SESSIONS

MichaelS.Brannan Presenter

ACI376FoundationsforConcreteTanks Dallas,Texas

8/16/2012

SETTLEMENT
Uniformpermittedifstructureaccommodates DifferentialorUniform(Planar)tiltinglimited to1/500 Dishingonradiallines(max.3/81/300) Footingaroundperimeterlesserof
1/500ormaximumcalculatedforuniformtilting

DeepFoundations
Numerousindividualcomponents additive Driven&CastInPlacePiles PileSelectionStudy(Availability&COST) PileTestingProgram(EarliertheBetter) PileDrivingEffects Settlement DownDrag&NegativeSkin Friction

Consideradjacenttanks,soilstiffness,etc.

ACI WEB SESSIONS

ACI WEB SESSIONS

DeepFoundationDesign
AllowablePileCapacity(lesserof)
PermissibleTotal&DifferentialSettlement UltimatePileCapacity/Min.FactorofSafety MinimumFactorofSafety Table10.2 StructuralStrengthofPile

GroundImprovement
Removeandreplacew/bettermaterial Soildensityimprovement Vibratingpiledriverspud(Vibrocompaction) Dynamiccompaction(40to100tonweightdrop) Wickdrainstoenhancesettlement Preloadwithexcessoverburden(20+meters) Deepsoilmixingw/cementetc.

Overturning&Uplift LateralLoadResistance
ACI WEB SESSIONS

ACI WEB SESSIONS

FoundationDetails
Groundwater bottomoftankalwaysabove Drainage awayfromtanktosump Foundation heating controlfrostheave
Heatingcables Ventilatedfoundation(airgap) Welldrainedgranularsoilwithdeepwatertable

FoundationMonitoring
Settlement
Min.8permanentsurveypoints(divisibleby4) Spacednomorethan33ftaroundperimeter

Inclinometerstomeasuredishing Thermalsystemtocoverbottomarea Seismicw/accelerometersonfoundation, roof andfreefieldreferencepoint(total3)

ACI WEB SESSIONS

ACI WEB SESSIONS

MichaelS.Brannan Presenter

ACI376FoundationsforConcreteTanks Dallas,Texas

8/16/2012

MonitoringFrequency
Settlement duringconstruction, hydrotesting, commissioning andannually Inclinometers withinaweekofsettlement Thermal cooldown,inservice commissioning andatleastweekly Seismic continuous w/regularmaintenance Corrosion twiceayear

Inspection&Testing
Codeprovidesforminimumrequirementsfor testingofmaterialsandinstallation Codealsoprovidesforminimumqualifications ofwelders,inspectorsandtechnicians Codeprovidesforminimumdocumentation to beretainedandfurnishedtotheowner

ACI WEB SESSIONS

ACI WEB SESSIONS

Questions?

Communication &Cooperation
ACI WEB SESSIONS ACI WEB SESSIONS

FinalThoughts
DirtAint Cheap!!
MotherEarthisverytricky!! Likesurgeons,Geotechs burytheirmistakes andyoustillowethebill. Themoreyouknow,thelowerthesafety factorrequired! Thesooneryouknowit,thelessitcosts
ACI WEB SESSIONS

MichaelS.Brannan Presenter