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Para resolver un lmite con ayuda de la grfica de la funcin hay que fijarse hacia donde tienden
las imgenes de la funcin (los valores de y) cuando los valores de x se aproximan hacia el punto donde
quiere calcularse el lmite.
a)
2
3
) x ( f Lm
x
=
b) =
) x ( f Lm
x
c) + =
) x ( f Lm
2 x
d) =
+
) x ( f Lm
2 x
e) 1 ) x ( f Lm
0 x
=
f) 2 ) x ( f Lm
0 x
=
+
g) 3 ) x ( f Lm
2 x
=
h) 3 ) x ( f Lm
2 x
=
+
La condicin para que una funcin tenga lmite en un punto es que en ese punto existan sus
lmites laterales y adems coincidan.
i) / =
) x ( f Lm
2 x
Porque ) x ( f Lm ) x ( f Lm
2 x 2 x
+
j) 3 ) x ( f Lm
2 x
=
Porque 3 ) x ( f Lm ) x ( f Lm
2 x 2 x
= =
+
k) / =
) x ( f Lm
0 x
Porque ) x ( f Lm ) x ( f Lm
0 x 0 x
+
2. Calcula el lmite de las siguientes funciones:
a)
( ) ( )
( )
?
1 x x
2 x 3 1 x 2
lm
2
2
2 3
x
=
=
+
+ +
La indeterminacin se resuelve ordenando los polinomios y
simplificando todos los trminos por x
5
(monomio de mayor grado del denominador)
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
=
+ +
+ + + + +
=
+
+ +
1 x 2 x x
4 x 12 x 9 1 x 6 x 12 x 8
lm
1 x x
2 x 3 1 x 2
lm
2 4
2 2 3
x
2
2
2 3
x
=
+ +
+ + + + +
=
+ +
+ + + + +
=
4 2
5 4 3 2
x
x
3 5
2 3 4 5
x
x
1
x
2
1
x
4
x
36
x
129
x
230
x
204
72
lm
x x 2 x
4 x 36 x 129 x 230 x 204 x 72
lm
5
72
0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 72
1 2
1
4 36 129 230 204
72
4 2
5 4 3 2
=
+ +
+ + + + +
=
+
+
+
=
b) ?
1 x
x
1 x
x
lm
2
3 2
x
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
Se restan las fracciones algebraicas y se transforma en
.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
?
1 x x x
x x
lm
1 x x x
x x x x
lm
1 x 1 x
1 x x 1 x x
lm
1 x
x
1 x
x
lm
2 3
3 2
x
2 3
3 4 2 4
x
2
3 2 2
x
2
3 2
x
=
=
+ + +
=
+ + +
+
=
+ +
+ +
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
Se dividen todos los trminos por x
3
(monomio de mayor grado del denominador).
1
0 0 0 1
1 0
1 1 1
1
1
1
x
1
x
1
x
1
1
1
x
1
lm
1 x x x
x x
lm
3 2 3 2
x
x
2 3
3 2
x
3
=
+ + +
=
=
+ + +
=
+ + +
c) ?
x x
1 x 2
lm
3 2 x
=
=
+
Se dividen todos los trminos por x (monomio de mayor grado del
denominador).
|
|
.
|
\
|
< = x x x
3
2
3 2
2
0 1
0 2
1
1
1
2
x
1
1
x
1
2
lm
x
x
1
x
1
2
lm
x
x
1
x
1
2
lm
x x
1 x 2
lm
3
3 3
x
3
3
2 x 3 2 x
x
3 2 x
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
d) ( ) ( ) ( ) ? 5 x 5 x lm 5 x 5 x lm
x x
= = = +
Se multiplica y divide por el
conjugado de la expresin irracional, buscando en el numerador la expresin notable suma diferencia.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
=
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
5 x 5 x
5 x 5 x
lm
5 x 5 x
5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x
lm 5 x 5 x lm
2
2
2
2
x
2
2 2
x x
( )
( )
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
+
=
|
.
|
\
|
x
5
1
x
5 x
x
30
10
lm
x
5
1
x
5 x
x
30
10
lm
5 x 5 x
30 x 10
lm
5 x 5 x
25 x 10 x 5 x
lm
2
2 x 2 x x 2 x 2
2 2
x
5
2
10
0 1 0 1
0 10
5
1
5
1
30
10
x
5
1
x
5
1
x
30
10
lm
2 2
x
= =
+
=
=
+
=
e) ( ) ? x x x lm x 1 x x lm x 1 x x lm
2 2 4
x
2 2 2
x
2
x
= =
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
(
|
.
|
\
|
+
Se multiplica y divide por el conjugado de la expresin irracional, buscando en el numerador la
expresin notable suma diferencia.
( )
=
+ +
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
2 2 4
2
2
2
2 4
x
2 2 4
2 2 4 2 2 4
x
2 2 4
x
x x x
x x x
lm
x x x
x x x x x x
lm x x x lm
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
+ +
=
+ +
+
=
|
.
|
\
|
1
x
x x
1
lm
1
x
x x
1
lm
x x x
x
lm
x x x
x x x
lm
4
2 4 x
2
2 4 x
x
2 2 4
2
x 2 2 4
4 2 4
x
2
2
1
1 0 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
x
1
1
1
lm
2 2
x
=
+ +
=
+
+
=
+ +
=
f) ? x x 2 x 3 x lm
2 2
x
= =
|
.
|
\
|
Se multiplica y divide por el conjugado de la
expresin irracional, buscando en el numerador la expresin notable suma diferencia.
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
x x 2 x 3 x
x x 2 x 3 x x x 2 x 3 x
lm x x 2 x 3 x lm
2 2
2 2 2 2
x
2 2
x
( )
=
+
=
+
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
x x 2 x 3 x
x x 2 x 3 x
lm
x x 2 x 3 x
x x 2 x 3 x
lm
2 2
2 2
x 2 2
2
2
2
2
x
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
|
.
|
\
|
2
2
2
2 x 2 2 x x 2 2 x
x
x x
x
2 x 3 x
x
2
2
lm
x
x x
x
2 x 3 x
x
2
2
lm
x x 2 x 3 x
2 x 2
lm
1
2
2
0 1 0 0 1
0 2
1
1
2 3
1
2
2
x
1
1
x
2
x
3
1
x
2
2
lm
2 2
x
=
=
+
=
=
+
=
g) ? 1
1 x
1 x
lm
2
x
3
3
x
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
La indeterminacin se resuelve mediante el nmero e.
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 x f x g Lm
x x
x x x g
x x
o
x x
o
o
o
e
x g Lm
1 x f Lm
x f Lm
=
=
=
( )
= = = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
1 x
1 x 1 x
x lm
1 x
1 x 1 1 x
x lm 1
1 x
1 x
x lm x
3
3
x
3
3 3
2
x
3
3 3
2
x
3
3
2
x
2
e e e
1 x
1 x
lm
1 e e e e e e
0
0 1
0
1
1
2
x
1
1
x
2
lm
x
1 x
x 2
lm
1 x
2
x lm
3 3
x
3
3
2
x
3
2
x
= = = = = = =
+
+
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
h) ? 1
1 x
1 x x
lm
x
1 x
2
2
x
2
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ +
+
Indeterminacin del nmero e.
( )
= = = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ + +
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ +
+ +
1 x
x
x
1 x
lm
1 x
1 x 1 1 x x
x
1 x
lm 1
1 x
1 x x
x
1 x
lm
x
1 x
2
2
x
2
2
x
2
2 2 2
x
2
2 2
x
2
e e e
1 x
1 x x
lm
e e e
1
1 lm
x
= = =
i) ? 1
5 x
x 2 x
lm
1 x 2
2
2
x
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
Indeterminacin del nmero e.
( ) ( )
( )
( )
= = = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
5 x
6 x 2
1 x 2 lm
5 x
5 x 1 x 2 x
1 x 2 lm 1
5 x
x 2 x
1 x 2 lm 1 x 2
2
2
x
2
x
2
2 2
x
2
2
x
e e e
5 x
x 2 x
lm
( )
( ) 4
0 1
0 0 4
5
1
6 10
4
x
5
1
x
6
x
10
4
lm
x
5 x
6 x 10 x 4
lm
e e e e e
2
2
2
2
x
2
2
2
x
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
= = = =
3. Calcula el lmite de las siguientes funciones cuando x tiende a menos infinito:
a) ( ) ( ) + = = = +
3 3 1 x 2 x 3 lm
3 3
x
Los lmites de polinomios cuando la variable
tiende a infinito solo dependen del monomio de mayor grado
b) ? 1
x 2
1 x 2
lm
2 x 3
x
= = |
.
|
\
| +
Se resuelve con el nmero e.
( ) ( )
= = = = = = |
.
|
\
| +
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
2
2
3
2
x
2
3
lm
x
x 2
2 x 3
lm
x 2
1
2 x 3 lm 1
x 2
1 x 2
2 x 3 lm
2 x 3
x
e e e e e
x 2
1 x 2
lm
x x
x x
2
3
2
0 3
e e = =
+
c) ? 2 x x 2 x lm
2 2
x
= = +
Se multiplica y divide por el conjugado de la
expresin irracional, buscando en el numerador la expresin notable suma diferencia.
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
.
|
\
|
+
= +
2 x x 2 x
2 x x 2 x 2 x x 2 x
lm 2 x x 2 x lm
2 2
2 2 2 2
x
2 2
x
( )
|
.
|
\
|
=
+ +
=
+ +
+
=
+ +
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
x 2 2 x 2 2
2 2
x 2 2
2
2
2
2
x
2 x x 2 x
2 x 2
lm
2 x x 2 x
2 x x 2 x
lm
2 x x 2 x
2 x x 2 x
lm
=
+ +
+
+
+
+
=
2
x
2
2
2
2 x 2 2 x
x
2
1
x
2
1
x
2
2
lm
x
2 x
x
x 2 x
x
2
2
lm
x
2 x
x
x 2 x
x
2
2
lm
( )
1
2
2
0 1 0 1
0 2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
= =
+
+
=
+
+
=
4. Calcula el lmite cuando x de las siguientes funciones:
a) ?
3 x
x 3
1 x
x
Lm
2
2
3
x
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
Se restan las fracciones algebraicas y se transforma en
.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
|
.
|
\
|
+ + +
=
+
=
+
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
3
x
2 3
2 3 4
x
2
2 2 3
x
2
2
3
x
3 x x 3 x
x 3 x 3 x 2
Lm
3 x 1 x
1 x x 3 3 x x
Lm
3 x
x 3
1 x
x
Lm
=
+
=
=
+
=
+ 0 0 0 1
0 3
3 1 3
1
3
3 2
x
3
x
1
x
3
1
x
3
3 x 2
Lm
3 2 3 2
x
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
|
.
|
\
|
=
+
=
+
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
3
x
2 3
2 3 4
x
2
2 2 3
x
2
2
3
x
3 x x 3 x
x 3 x 3 x 2
Lm
3 x 1 x
1 x x 3 3 x x
Lm
3 x
x 3
1 x
x
Lm
( )
( ) ( )
+ =
+ + +
+
=
=
+
=
0 0 0 1
0 3
3 1 3
1
3
3 2
x
3
x
1
x
3
1
x
3
3 x 2
Lm
3 2 3 2
x
b) = |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
=
4
5
4
5
Lm
4
5
Lm
x
x
x
x
x
0
4
5
4
5
Lm
4
5
Lm
x
x
x
x
x
= |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
=
c) =
+
=
+
= =
+
=
+
|
.
|
\
|
4
4
x
2
2
x
x
2
2
x
2
2
x
x
x 2
1
x
x 2
1
Lm
x
x 2
1
x
x 2
1
Lm
x 2 x
x 2 x
Lm
x 2 x
x 2 x
Lm
2
( )
( )
1
0 1
0 1
2
1
2
1
x
2
1
x
2
1
Lm
3
3
3
3
x
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
5. Calcula m con la condicin:
6
4 x
) 3 x 2 )( mx 1 (
lm
x
=
+
Solucin.
Se calcula el lmite en funcin del parmetro (m), y se iguala con el valor del lmite.
( )
( )
=
+
=
+ +
=
+
|
.
|
\
|
2
2
x
x
2
2
x x
x
4
1
x
3
x
m 3 2
m 2
lm
4 x
3 x m 3 2 mx 2
lm
4 x
) 3 x 2 )( mx 1 (
lm
2
( )
m 2
0 1
0 0 m 2
4
1
3 m 3 2
m 2
2
2
=
+ +
=
+
=
3
2
6
m : 6 m 2 =
= =
6. Dada
x 4 x
8 x 6 x 2
) x ( f
= , calcula su lmite:
a) Cuando x tiende a 1
b) Cuando x tiende a 0
c) Cuando x tiende a 4
Solucin.
a) 4
3
12
1 4 1
8 1 6 1 2
x 4 x
8 x 6 x 2
Lm
1 x
=
=
=
b) =
=
=
0
8
0 4 0
8 0 6 0 2
x 4 x
8 x 6 x 2
Lm
0 x
. Si al sustituir x por el valor al que tiende queda
la expresin
0
k
, se estudian los lmites laterales.
Mi consejo para calcular los lmites laterales es factorizar el denominador, y solo sustituir x por
los valores laterales en la x del factor del denominador que se este anulando.
( )
( )
=
=
=
0
8
0 4
8
0 4 0
8 0 6 0 2
x 4 x
8 x 6 x 2
Lm
0 x
( )
( )
+
=
=
=
+ +
+
0
8
0 4
8
0 4 0
8 0 6 0 2
x 4 x
8 x 6 x 2
Lm
0 x
Conclusin: Como lo lmites laterales son distintos, no existe lmite cuando x tiende a cero
c) ?
0
0
4 4 4
8 4 6 4 2
x 4 x
8 x 6 x 2
Lm
4 x
= =
=
7. Calcula el lmite de las siguientes funciones en los puntos que se indican:
a)
6 x 5 x
4 x
Lim
2
2
2 x
+
b)
3 x 2 x
1 x
Lim
2
2
1 x
c)
4 x
2 x 3 x
Lm
2
3
2 x
d)
x 1
) x 2 ( x
Lm
2
1 x +
+ +
e)
8 x 4 x 2 x
8 x 12 x 6 x
lm
2 3
2 3
2 x
+
+ + +
f)
2 x 4 x
8 x
Lm
2
3
2 x
+ +
+
Solucin.
a)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
4
1
4
3 x
2 x
Lim
2 x 3 x
2 x 2 x
Lim
6 x 5 x
4 x
Lim
2 x 2 x
0
0
Ruffini
2
2
2 x
=
+
=
+
=
+
b)
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 2
1
4
2
3 x
1 x
Lim
3 x 1 x
1 x 1 x
Lim
3 x 2 x
1 x
Lim
1 x 1 x
0
0
Ruffini
2
2
1 x
=
=
+
+
=
c)
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 4
9
2 x
1 x 2 x
Lim
2 x 2 x
1 x 2 x 2 x
Lim
4 x
2 x 3 x
Lm
2
2 x
2
2 x
0
0
Ruffini
2
3
2 x
=
+
+ +
=
+
+ +
=
d)
( )( )
( ) 3 4 1 4 x lm
x 1
4 x 1 x
Lm
x 1
4 x 5 x
Lm
x 1
) x 2 ( x
Lm
1 x 1 x
0
0
Ruffini
2
1 x
2
1 x
= + = + =
+
+ +
=
+
+ +
=
+
+ +
e) ?
0
0
8 x 4 x 2 x
8 x 12 x 6 x
Lm
2 3
2 3
2 x
= =
+
+ + +
. Se descomponen los polinomios por Rufini
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0
16
0
4 2 4 2
4 2 4 2
4 x 4 x
4 x 4 x
Lm
4 x 4 x 2 x
4 x 4 x 2 x
Lm
8 x 4 x 2 x
8 x 12 x 6 x
Lm
2
2
2
2
2 x
2
2
2 x
2 3
2 3
2 x
= =
+
+ +
=
+
+ +
=
+ +
+ + +
=
+
+ + +
f)
( ) ( )
( )
= =
+
+
=
+
+ +
=
+ +
+
0
12
2 x
4 x 2 x
Lm
2 x
4 x 2 x 2 x
Lm
2 x 4 x
8 x
Lm
2
2 x
2
2
2 x
0
0
Ruffini
2
3
2 x
Al quedar la
expresin
0
k
, se estudian los lmites laterales, para saber si existe lmite.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) x f Lm No x f Lm x f Lm :
0
12
2 2
4 2 2 2
2 x
4 x 2 x
Lm
0
12
2 2
4 2 2 2
2 x
4 x 2 x
Lm
2 x
2 x 2 x
2 2
2 x
2 2
2 x
+ +
+ = =
+
+
=
+
+
= =
+
+
=
+
+
+
+
8. Dada
9 x 3
6 mx x
) x ( f
+
= calcula m para que tenga lmite finito cuando x tiende a 3. Cuanto
vale entonces el lmite?
Solucin.
Calculamos el lmite:
0
m 3 3
9 x 3
6 mx x
Lm
3 x
+
=
Para que el lmite sea finito, el numerador debera dar cero, generndose una indeterminacin
que al resolverse deber dar finito. En caso contrario, si el denominador quedar distinto de cero, el limite
sera infinito.
1 m : 0 m 3 3 = = +
( ) ( )
( ) 3
5
3
2 x
Lm
3 x 3
3 x 2 x
Lm
9 x 3
6 x x
Lm
3 x 3 x
0
0
Ruffini 3 x
=
+
=
+
=
9. Calcula los siguientes lmites:
Solucin.
a) ?
0
4
0
1
1 x
3 x
1 x
1 x
lm
2
1 x
= = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+ +
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
0
2
1 x
2 x x
lm
1 x
3 x 1 x
lm
1 x
3 x
1 x
1 x
lm
2
1 x
2
1 x
2
1 x
1 x
2 x x
lm No :
0
2
1 1
2 1 1
lm
0
2
1 1
2 1 1
lm
2
1 x
2
1 x
2
1 x
+
+ =
+ +
b) ?
0
1
0
1
x 1
1
1 x
1
lm
3 2
1 x
= = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )( )
=
+ + +
+ + +
=
+ + = +
+ =
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
1 x x 1 x 1 x
1 x 1 1 x x 1
lm
1 x x 1 x 1 x
1 x 1 x 1 x
x 1
1
1 x
1
lm
2
2
1 x
2 3
2
3 2
1 x
( )( )( ) ( )( )
= =
+ +
+ +
=
+ + +
=
0
5
1 x x 1 x
2 x 2 x
lm
1 x x 1 x 1 x
2 x 2 x
lm
2 2
2
1 x
2
2
1 x
( )( )( ) ( )( )( )
( )( )( ) ( )( )( )
:
0
5
3 2 0
5
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 2 1
1 x x 1 x 1 x
2 x 2 x
lm
0
5
3 2 0
5
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 2 1
1 x x 1 x 1 x
2 x 2 x
lm
2
2
2
2
1 x
2
2
2
2
1 x
+ = =
=
+ + +
+ +
=
+ + +
+ +
= =
=
+ + +
+ +
=
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
No existe lmite
c) ?
0
1
0
1
x 8
2
x 2
1
lm
3
2 x
= = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
( )( ) ( )( )
= =
+ +
+ +
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
0
10
4 x 2 x x 2
2 x 2 x
lm
4 x 2 x x 2
2
x 2
1
lm
x 8
2
x 2
1
lm
2
2
2 x
2
2 x
3
2 x
( )( ) ( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )
:
0
10
12 0
10
4 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
4 x 2 x x 2
2 x 2 x
lm
0
10
12 0
10
4 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
4 x 2 x x 2
2 x 2 x
lm
2
2
2
2
2 x
2
2
2
2
2 x
= =
=
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
+ +
+ = =
=
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
No existe lmite
d) ?
0
6
0
4
3 x 4 x
5 x
3 x
1 x
lm
2
3 x
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
\
|
+
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+
3 x 1 x
5 x 1 x 1 x
lm
3 x 1 x
5 x
3 x
1 x
lm
3 x 4 x
5 x
3 x
1 x
lm
3 x 3 x
2
3 x
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 2
5
1 x
2 x
lm
3 x 1 x
3 x 2 x
lm
3 x 1 x
6 x x
lm
3 x 3 x
2
3 x
=
+
=
+
=
=
e) ?
0
0
0
5
1
0 5
1
x
5
1
x 5
1
lm
0 x
= =
+
=
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
+
=
+
f)
( )
= =
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
0
1
0
1
2 2
1
4 2
1
2 x
1
4 x
1
lm
2 2
2 x
. La indeterminacin se resuelve restando
las fracciones algebraicas, se obtiene
0
k
y se estudian los lmites laterales.
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= =
+
=
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
0
5
2 x 2 x
x 3
lm
2 x 2 x
2 x 1 1
lm
2 x
1
2 x 2 x
1
lm
2 x
1
4 x
1
lm
2 x 2 x 2 x
2
2 x
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 2 x 2 x
x 3
lm No :
0
5
4 0
5
2 2 2 2
2 3
2 x 2 x
x 3
lm
0
5
4 0
5
2 2 2 2
2 3
2 x 2 x
x 3
lm
2 x
2 x
2 x
+
= =
=
+
=
+
= =
=
+
=
+
+ +
+
+
g) ?
0
0
8 8
8 8
8 x
8 x
lm
8 x
= =
+
=
+
=
+
+
=
8 x
8 x 8 x
lm
8 x
8 x 8 x
lm
8 x 8 x
8 x 8 x
lm
8 x
8 x
lm
8 x
2 2
8 x 8 x 8 x
( ) 2 4 8 2 8 8 8 x lm
8 x
= = + = + =
h) ?
0
0
2 2
4 2
x 2
4 x
lm
2 2
2 x
= =
+ +
=
+
+
=
2 2
2 x
2 2
2 x
2
2 x
x 2
x 2 2 x 2 x
lm
x 2 x 2
x 2 2 x
lm
x 2
4 x
lm
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
=
+ +
=
+ +
=
+ +
=
1
x 2 2 x
lm
2 x
x 2 2 x 2 x
lm
x 2
x 2 2 x 2 x
lm
2 x 2 x 2 x
( ) ( )
2 8
1
2 2 2 2
=
+ +
=
i)
( )
( )
?
0
0
3 1 2 2 1
3 1 5 1
3 x 2 2 x
3 x 5 x
lm
1 x
= =
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
. Se multiplica numerador y denominador por el
conjugado de las dos expresiones irracionales buscando la expresin notable suma por diferencia que nos
permita eliminar races y obtener el factor comn (x 2). Para calcular el conjugado es conveniente
separar la parte irracional del resto mediante parntesis, teniendo en cuenta que si la parte polinmica va
como sustraendo (restando), los trminos del polinomio cambiaran de signo, debido al signo negativo que
preceder al parntesis.
( )
( )
=
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
+
3 x 2 2 x
3 x 5 x
lm
3 x 2 2 x
3 x 5 x
lm
1 x 1 x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
=
+ + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +
=
3 x 5 x 3 x 2 2 x 3 x 2 2 x
3 x 2 2 x 3 x 5 x 3 x 5 x
lm
1 x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
=
+ + + + +
+ + +
=
+ + +
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
+ + +
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
=
3 x 5 x 1 x 2 x
3 x 2 2 x 4 x 5 x
lm
3 x 5 x 3 x 2 2 x
3 x 2 2 x 3 x 5 x
lm
2
2
1 x
2
2
2
2
1 x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
=
=
+ + + +
+ + + +
=
+ + + +
+ + + + +
=
0
6
3 x 5 x 1 x
3 x 2 2 x 4 x
lm
3 x 5 x 1 x
3 x 2 2 x 1 x 4 x
lm
1 x
2
1 x
Se estudian los lmites laterales
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
+ =
=
+ + + +
+ + + +
=
+ + + +
+ + + +
0
6
4 0
6
3 1 5 1 1 1
3 1 2 2 1 4 1
3 x 5 x 1 x
3 x 2 2 x 4 x
lm
1 x
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
=
=
+ + + +
+ + + +
=
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + +
+
0
6
4 0
6
3 1 5 1 1 1
3 1 2 2 1 4 1
3 x 5 x 1 x
3 x 2 2 x 4 x
lm
1 x
No existe lmite en x = 1.
j) ?
0
0
9 3
2 3 1
9 x
2 x 1
lm
2 2
3 x
= =
2 x 1 3 x 3 x
2 x 1
lm
2 x 1 3 x 3 x
2 x 1 2 x 1
lm
9 x
2 x 1
lm
2
2
3 x 3 x
2
3 x
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
=
+ +
=
+ +
=
+ +
=
2 x 1 3 x 3 x
3 x
lm
2 x 1 3 x 3 x
x 3
lm
2 x 1 3 x 3 x
2 x 1
lm
3 x 3 x 3 x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
12
1
2 3 1 3 3
1
2 x 1 3 x
1
lm
3 x
=
+ +
=
+ +
=
k) ?
0
0
1 0 1
1 0 1
1 x 1
1 x 1
lm
0 x
= =
+
=
+
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+ + +
+ + + +
=
+
1 x 1 1 x 1
1 x 1 1 x 1
lm
1 x 1 1 x 1 1 x 1
1 x 1 1 x 1 1 x 1
lm
1 x 1
1 x 1
lm
2
2
2
2
0 x 0 x 0 x
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
1 0 1
1 0 1
1 x 1
1 x 1
lm
1 x 1 x
1 x 1 x
lm
1 x 1 1 x 1
1 x 1 1 x 1
lm
0 x 0 x 0 x
=
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
=
+ +
+ +
=
l) ?
0
0
3 5 2 2
2 2 2
3 5 x 2
2 2 x
lm
2 x
= =
+
+
=
+
+
\
|
+
+ +
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
2 2 x 4 x 2
3 5 x 2 2 x
lm
2 2 x 9 5 x 2
3 5 x 2 4 2 x
lm
2 2 x 3 5 x 2
3 5 x 2 2 2 x
lm
2 x 2 x
2
2
2
2
2 x
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
4
3
8
6
2 2 x 2
3 5 x 2
lm
2 2 x 2 x 2
3 5 x 2 2 x
lm
2 x 2 x
= =
+ +
+ +
=
+ +
+ +
=
m) ?
0
0
1 1
1 1
1 x
1 x
lm
3 2 1
2
2 x
2
1 x
= |
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
( ) ( ) 8
1
2
1
1 1
1
1 x
1
lm
1 x 1 x
1 x
lm
1 x
1 x
lm
3 2 1 2 x
1 x
2 x
1 x
2 x
2
1 x
= |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
+
= |
.
|
\
|
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
n) ( ) ( ) ? 1 0 2 1 x 2 1 lm 0
2
x
2 x
0 x
= = + = +
+
=
=
=
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 4 2 0 2
2 x 2 Lm x 2
x
2 x
Lm 1 x 2 1
x
2 x
Lm
1
x
2 x
0 x
e e e e e x 2 1 lm
0 x 0 x 0 x
= = = = = +
+
+ |
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
+
) ( ) ( ) ? 1 0 0 1 x x 1 lm
0
1
2
x 1
2
0 x
= = + + = + +
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
o) ? 1
1 1 3
1 1
1 x 3
1 x
lm
1 1
1
1 x
1
1 x
= = |
.
|
\
|
+
= |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= = = = = = |
.
|
\
|
+
p) ? 1
2 1
1 1 1
2 x
1 x x
lm
1 1
1
2 1 x
1
2
1 x
= =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ +
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ +
\
|
+
+ +
+
+
+
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ +
q) = = |
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
0
1
2 2
1
2
2 x
1
2
2 x 0
1
2 4
1
x 4
1
lm
10. Sean:
5 x 5
3 x 3
) x ( f
+
=
2 x 3
x 5
) x ( g
+
=
1 x 4
2 x
) x ( h
+
=
calcular:
a) ( ) | | ) x ( h ) x ( g ) x ( f Lm
x
b) ( ) ) x ( h ) x ( g lm
4
1
x
c) ( ) ) x ( h ) x ( g lm
0 x
d) ) x ( f
3
5
Lm
x
Solucin.
a) ( ) | |
(
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
1 x 4
2 x
2 x 3
x 5
5 x 5
3 x 3
Lm ) x ( h ) x ( g ) x ( f Lm
x x
Se aplican las propiedades de los lmites:
= |
.
|
\
|
+
=
(
|
.
|
\
|
+
1 x 4
2 x
Lm
2 x 3
x 5
Lm
5 x 5
3 x 3
Lm
1 x 4
2 x
2 x 3
x 5
5 x 5
3 x 3
Lm
x x x x
20
17
4
1
3
5
5
3
4
1
0 4
0 1
1
4
2
1
x
1
4
x
2
1
Lm
1 x 4
2 x
Lm
3
5
0 3
5
2
3
5
x
2
3
5
Lm
2 x 3
x 5
Lm
5
3
0 5
0 3
5
5
3
3
x
5
5
x
3
3
Lm
5 x 5
3 x 3
Lm
x x x
x x x
x x x
= |
.
|
\
|
=
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
b) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
+ = =
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
1
0
9
1
1
4
1
4
2
4
1
2
4
1
3
4
1
5
1 x 4
2 x
lm
2 x 3
x 5
lm ) x ( h ) x ( g lm
4
1
x
4
1
x
4
1
x
En este caso se pueden estudiar los lmites laterales, teniendo en cuenta nicamente la h(x).
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) =
= = = |
.
|
\
|
=
0
9
x h lm x h lm 1 x h lm
4
1
g ) x ( h ) x ( g lm
4
1
x
4
1
x
4
1
x
4
1
x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + =
= = = |
.
|
\
|
=
+
+ + + +
0
9
x h lm x h lm 1 x h lm
4
1
g ) x ( h ) x ( g lm
4
1
x
4
1
x
4
1
x
4
1
x
c) | | 2
1
2
2
0
1 x 4
2 x
Lm
2 x 3
x 5
Lm
1 x 4
2 x
2 x 3
x 5
Lm ) x ( h ) x ( g Lm
0 x 0 x 0 x 0 x
=
=
+
+
= |
.
|
\
|
+
+
=
d) ( ) ( ) 1
5
3
3
5
5 x 5
3 x 3
Lm
3
5
x f Lm
3
5
x f
3
5
Lm
x x x
= =
+
= =
11. Determinar el valor de "a" para que:
8
1 x
a
1 x
e
x 2
x
lm = |
.
|
\
|
Solucin.
El problema se resuelve calculando el lmite en funcin de a, e igualando a e
8
.
= = |
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
1 1
1 2
1
x 2
x
lm
0
a
1 1
a
1 x
a
1 x
Se resuelve aplicando el nmero e.
( )
( )( ) a 2
x 2
a 2
Lm
x 2 1 x
1 x a 2
Lm
x 2
2 x 2
1 x
a
Lm 1
x 2
x
1 x
a
Lm
1 x
a
1 x
e e e e e
x 2
x
lm
1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x
= = = = = |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
Igualando:
4 a 8 a 2 e e
8 a 2
= = =