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Welcome
Aviators

Contents
The Aircraft
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The Training
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Thank you for purchasing the 737NGX training from Angle of Attack. We appreciate your support and hope you enjoy this product!

Aircraft Lighting
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Caution and Warning

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Emergency Equipment
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Fire Protection
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Sections 01 - 12

Ice and Rain Protection

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GPWS
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TCAS
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Engines
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Auxilary Power Unit

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Hydraulics
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01

Contents
Primary Flight Control
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Secondary Flight Control

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You can either click on the section you wish to explore, or navigate to the page via Adobe Reader.

Landing Gear and Brakes

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Bleed Air
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Air Conditioning
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Pressurization
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Sections 13-21

Fuel System
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Electrical System
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Autoight 350
HDG

FMS
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Instruments
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The Groundwork Team

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Info
The Aircraft

737 Next Generation

he 737 family has been in production since the 1960s and is the most successful commercial aeroplane to date in terms of sales, selling over 7000 units. Although there are plenty of classic variants in circulation, today youre more likely to see a 737 Next Generation ying overhead. The 737NG includes the -600, -700, -800 and -900 variants, all of which have dierent ight dynamics but share a very similar ight deck. All of these variants have been faithfully reproduced by PMDG, right down to the location of screws. During groundwork and ightwork well be focusing on the 737-800.

Did you know that the 737 series is so popular across the globe that one takes off every 5.3 seconds? The aircraft has around 367,000 parts and 36.6 miles of wire!

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Info
The Training

Our Philosophy

ur philosophy at Angle of Attack regarding commercial jets is to produce accurate video training to allow you to avoid reading the confusing FCOM. Even if you have read the FCOM our videos will still augment your knowledge of the aircraft and teach you to y it like a professional. We dont just oer the videos in this training package, but also provide you with illustrated handouts and transcripts to

help you learn these complex topics. These can easily be downloaded from each videos webpage. Additionally, we have an amazing community of likeminded virtual pilots, some of which are new to the aviation world, while others are aviation veterans. Please check out the forums for more information on getting involved within the AoA community.

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Groundwork
Safety

01
Safety

Lighting
VIEW

he 737NG plays host to an impressive collection of lights. Each type of light, whether located internally or externally, is designed for a specic task. The main purposes of lighting on any aircraft is to improve your visibility and to improve other pilots awareness of your presence. EXERCISE: After watching the This lesson will discuss each type of light lesson, write down each type of in detail: what theyre used for and aircraft light, what it represents and why, when specically to use them, when to use it during a flight. how to control them and where theyre located on the aircraft. We also cover some of the technical specications and limitations.

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Safety

Caution & Warning

VIEW

his system is responsible for alerting pilots to existing or potential issues with the aircraft. When you rst enter the ight deck you may notice several amber lights illuminated - a message from the caution and warning system that the aircraft is not congured for ight. Aircraft conguration warnings are only one aspect of the

caution and warning system. Throughout the lesson you will be shown a number of other components in this system. QUESTION: In what situations would you expect to see a blue light? QUESTION: Which six systems does the PSEU control?

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Safety

Emergency Equipement
VIEW

enerally this necessary equipment is the last thing pilots want to have to deploy, but sometimes a dire situation will arise and this equipment can be the lifesaving solution. Youre going to learn about oxygen, lighting and emergency egress. While none of the

equipment discussed in this lesson is actually simulated its still good knowledge to obtain.

EXERCISE: Perform the oxygen mask system check in the simulator. QUESTION: What is located in the flight deck to help pilots escape?

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Safety

Fire Protection
VIEW
nother system which pilots hope they never have to use but appreciate its availability is the re protection system. Fire can get out of control very quickly, an incredibly dangerous concept in a narrow sealed tube full of fuel, ammable seats and people. So its just as well that all commercial aircraft have dedicated equipment to prevent and extinguish res.

Engine re is the rst example of aircraft re that comes to mind, however its not just the engines that are a re threat - a few other areas of the aircraft are hazardous too.

EXERCISE: Set up a few fire failures in the simulator and practice the fire extinguishing procedures. QUESTION: What happens when you pull an engine fire handle out?

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Safety

Ice & Rain Protection

VIEW

ce and Rain can become problematic to pilots if not either prevented or dealt with quickly. Ice has the potential to change the shape of the wings thus disrupting airow, reducing lift and increasing drag. Rain may reduce visibility during nal approach and ground operations.

The 737 is supplemented with a variety of dierent systems which very eciently solve the issues caused by precipitation. This lesson cites all the ice and rain protection provided by the 737.

QUESTION: Which system is used to prevent ice build-up on the wings, and which is used to remove ice from the wings?

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Safety

GPWS
VIEW

hen ying at cruising altitude the ground is not a major cause for concern. However when youre ying a dicult approach, surrounded by mountains at night in low visibility and becoming disorientated, the ground proximity warning system can be life-saving. Even if its a clear day this system increases pilot awareness dramatically, and is also responsible for the altitude callouts on nal approach.

EXERCISE: Practice using the terrain display and other functions of the GPWS in a mountainous airport, for example Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Quito, Ecuador (ICAO: SEQU). QUESTION: What does a solid amber area on the terrain display mean?

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Safety

TCAS
VIEW

f youre ying online or with AI trac in the simulator then, like in the real world, youre not the only plane in the sky. The trac collision avoidance system detects other aircraft around you and advises you on the best course of action to avoid a collision. This system increases your awareness of other aircraft by displaying trac on the navigation display, but will also audibly and visually alert you if the potential for collision arises.

QUESTION: What oral alert is associated with a filled amber circle on the navigation display? QUESTION: What should you do if you hear the monitor vertical speed advisory?

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Groundwork
Engines & APU

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Engines & APU

Engines
VIEW

ngines are the heart of any aeroplane and the 737NG is no exception. Powered by the two sturdy CFM56 type 7B engines, these not only allow the aircraft to be able to stay airborne but also generate both electrical and pneumatic power. This lesson will take a look at how the 737NGs engine components work together eciently and how you as the pilot control them.

EXERCISE: Start up the engines in the simulator and practice good instrument cross-checking to ensure a safe start is achieved. QUESTION: What occurs between the engine oil and fuel, and why?

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Engines & APU

Auxilary Power Unit

VIEW

t wouldnt make any sense to have the engines constantly burning expensive fuel on the ground, so the 737 has a smaller and cost ecient engine at the back called the auxiliary power unit. This is an alternate source for electrical and pneumatic power. Unless ground power and air are available the 737 wouldnt be able to start up without the APU, furthermore battery power provides limited systems in the ight deck and only for a limited time. This lesson will

explain the duties of this hidden third engine.

EXERCISE: Start up and shutdown the APU in the simulator. QUESTION: How long should the APU have run before you use it as a bleed air source?

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Groundwork
Controls

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Controls

Hydraulics
VIEW

ydraulics are used to move control surfaces and various other components on the 737NG. Without hydraulics the pilots would have to use their own strength to move the control surfaces - not exactly a safe practice on a commercial jet. QUESTION: How does the power transfer unit work? Is it the same as in other aircraft, for example the Airbus A320? EXERCISE: In the simulator move different control surfaces then refer to the hydraulic schematic on page 9-15 of the handout.

Because the hydraulics system is so important it has several redundancies, including three separate hydraulic uid systems. Check out this lesson to learn about the complicated hydraulic setup on the 737.

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Controls

Primary Flight Controls

VIEW

ow that you have an understanding of the hydraulics system, you will have an easier time learning about the ight controls. The primary ight controls are the means in which you can directly control the attitude of the aircraft. During this lesson you will learn how each control surface is commanded from the ight deck and how these commands are relayed to the actual control surface.

QUESTION: What are the primary flight controls? QUESTION: How can you control the elevator trim?

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Controls

Secondary Flight Controls

VIEW

econdary ight controls are used to augment the performance of the aircraft when necessary; they include aps, slats and spoilers. Approach and landing are both scenarios

where you would use secondary ight controls to alter the wings capabilities. Because the secondary ight controls are only meant for certain phases of ight, there are protection mechanisms in place to prevent the pilots from damaging the aircraft structure should they exceed the operational threshold.

QUESTION: Exceeding what airspeed causes flaps to retract from 30 to 25? EXERCISE: Use the simulator to fly around with different flap settings to see how the aircraft performance is affected.

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Controls

Landing Gear & Brakes

VIEW

anding gear, as the name suggests, is required to perform a safe landing. The wheels are tted with brakes which, when used in conjunction with reverse thrust and ground spoilers, provide rapid deceleration during rollout.

The landing gear is also used for ground movement; the nose gear is capable of turning to provide adequate steering. Additionally the aircraft is tted with a parking brake to stop the aircraft from moving whilst its stationary.

QUESTION: If autobrakes are set to 3, what is the deceleration rate in ft/s2? EXERCISE: Taxi around an airport using brakes and nose wheel steering correctly.

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Groundwork
Air

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Air

Bleed Air
VIEW

leed air is very hot compressed pressurized air taken from the engines and directed to systems that require pneumatic power. You have learnt about some of these systems already, so learning about the bleed air system may create some links in your mind. This lesson will cover the entire bleed air system, from the various sources available to the distribution and application of it.

QUESTION: From which stages of the engines high pressure compressors is bleed air extracted? QUESTION: What is the pneumatic manifold?

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Air

Air Conditioning
VIEW

ir conditioning is used to control environmental conditions aboard the 737, not just for people but also for electrical equipment. At high altitudes fresh cool air requires a complicated process to generate: for that reason only the ight deck is fed 100% fresh air. The cabin uses a mixture of fresh and recirculated air.

This lesson will teach you about the process which the aircraft goes through to control the onboard atmosphere and the components involved with it. It might not work how you think it does!

QUESTION: What exactly is trim air and why is it necessary?

QUESTION: Why is cabin air recirculated?

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Air

Pressurization
VIEW
e as humans need the air to be lled with a certain amount of oxygen in order to survive. As you will see we can breathe comfortably up to a certain altitude, but the 737s cruising window of 30-40 thousand feet is not survivable.

Luckily the 737s cabin is pressurized to a much lower altitude. This lesson will go over some background knowledge and provide an in-depth review of the system itself.

QUESTION: What is rapid decompression? QUESTION: What is hypoxia?

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Groundwork
Fuel

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Fuel

Fuel System
VIEW

uel is the limited resource that keeps the show running. Without it the engines would starve, causing the 737 to slowly glide back down to the ground. The 737 has tanks to store fuel, and a means to get the fuel from the tanks to the engines. Obviously the fuel system is vital, so the engineers built in system redundancy to mitigate the eects of failures. This lesson will teach you the ins and outs of the fuel system.

QUESTION: What is the total capacity of the 737s fuel tanks? QUESTION: Why is it important to fill the wing tanks before the centre tank?

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Groundwork
Electrical

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Electrical

Electrical System
VIEW

he electrical system is responsible for the distribution of battery and engine generated electrical power to the array of important components on the 737 that require it. This is another system which has built-in redundancy due to its importance.

This lesson will describe sources and distribution throughout the electrical system, which is a very complex topic and this lesson only scratches the surface.

QUESTION: What does the hot battery bus do?

EXERCISE: Switch off the current power source to see an example of the hot battery bus working.

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Groundwork
Autoflight

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Autoflight
350
HDG

Autoight System

VIEW

odern airliners have the ability to y themselves if theyre given the correct information. This system not only relieves the workload of pilots and allows them to focus on other tasks, but also ies more accurately and economically.

It should be stressed that the autoight system does not replace the pilot, but is merely a tool used to increase eciency, awareness and safety. The pilot should always be the one making the nal decision.

QUESTION: What is the inertial reference system? EXERCISE: Whilst airborne, hand control over to the autopilot and use the modes available on the MCP.

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Autoflight

FMS
VIEW

he ight management system is closely related to the autoight system, because it dictates the LNAV and VNAV path which the autoight modes of the same name use. The FMS also oers the pilots a host of other ight information, like estimated time of arrival or remaining fuel on board at a waypoint. QUESTION: What do the line select keys do? EXERCISE: Explore the FMS via the CDU in the simulator.

The FMS is programmed via the Control Display Unit (CDU) and can be a fairly daunting topic if you havent used one before. During this video we break it down and make it easier to process.

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Autoflight

Instruments
VIEW
he 737NG possesses the same instruments as a general aviation aircraft, but theyre not typically displayed in the traditional way. Instead most of the instruments are on the primary ight display, while access to the less essential ones can be found via the navigation display, engine display or systems display.

This lesson will discuss all available ight instruments outside of a practical environment, in a more technical manor. During ightwork these instruments will be used extensively.

QUESTION: What do the display electronic units do?

QUESTION: What modes are available on the navigation display and what do they do?

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Info
About us

The Groundwork Team

ur team has grown a lot during the development of the 737 project. Here (in no particular order) is a list of the people who have been involved: Chris Palmer (01/11 - end) Duties: CEO / Owner, Project Planning, FSX Video Footage, Scripts (2) Location: Alaska, USA. Nick Collet (01/11 - 03/12) Duties: Project Planning, Scripts (8), Storyboards, FSX Footage, Voice Over Location: London, UK. Roshan Bhojwani (02/12 - end) Duties: Scripts (10) Location: London, UK AND Santiago, Chile. Charlie Reed (05/11 - end) Duties: Scripts (1) Location: Farnham, UK.

James Crowther (12/11 - end) Duties: Storyboards, Handouts Location: Birmingham, UK. Henry Wallace (01/11 - end) Duties: Project Planning, Illustrations Location: Ontario, Canada. Jonathan Hanst (03-12 - end) Duties: Voice Over Location: Colorado, USA. Kevin Baker (08/11 - end) Duties: Audio Editing Location: Michigan, USA. Robert Hoisan (01/12 - end) Duties: Video Editing Location: Bucharest, Romania. Dan Edgley (02/12 - end) Duties: Project Managment Location: Michigan, USA. Thomas Crowell (09/11 - end) Duties: Customer Support Location: Georgia, USA

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