DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

ANALOG ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS (VTU)

3rd Sem EC/EE/TC
UNIT 1:
Diode Circuits: Diode Resistance, Diode equivalent circuits, Transition and diffusion capacitance, Reverse recovery time, Load line analysis, Rectifiers, Clippers and clampers. (Chapter 1.6 to 1.14, 2.1 to 2.9)

TEXT BOOK:

REFERENCE BOOKS:

2. Electronic Devices and Circuits, David A. Bell, PHI, 4th Edition 2004 3. Analog Electronics Circuits: A Simplified Approach, U.B. Mahadevaswamy, Pearson/Saguine, 2007.

AG

1. Integrated Electronics, Jacob Millman & Christos C. Halkias, Tata - McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition, 2010

D AT

BY:

RAGHUDATHESH G P Asst Prof ECE Dept, GMIT Davangere 577004 Cell: +917411459249

1. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Robert L. PHI/Pearson Education. 9TH Edition.

Page.No-1

ES

Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky,

6 Hours

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

Diode Circuits
Diode Basics:
A diode is a specialized electronic component with two electrodes called the anode and the cathode. Most diodes are made with semiconductor materials such as silicon, germanium, or selenium. Some diodes are comprised of metal electrodes in a chamber evacuated or filled with a pure elemental gas at low pressure. Diodes can be used as rectifiers, signal limiters, voltage regulators, switches, signal modulators, signal mixers, signal demodulators, and oscillators. The fundamental property of a diode is its tendency to conduct electric current in only one direction. When the cathode is negatively charged relative to the anode at a voltage greater than a certain minimum called forward breakover, then current flows through the diode. This is a simplistic view, but is true for diodes operating as rectifiers, switches, and limiters. The forward breakover voltage is approximately six tenths of a volt (0.6 V) for silicon devices, 0.3 V for germanium devices, and 1 V for selenium devices. When an analog signal passes through a diode operating at or near its forward breakover point, the signal waveform is distorted. This nonlinearity allows for modulation, demodulation, and signal mixing. Semiconductor diodes can be designed to produce direct current (DC) when visible light, infrared transmission (IR), or ultraviolet (UV) energy strikes them. These diodes are known as photovoltaic cells and are the basis for solar electric energy systems and photosensors. Another form of diode, commonly used in electronic and computer equipment, emits visible light or IR energy when current passes through it. Such a device is the familiar light-emitting diode (LED).

AG

D AT
Page.No-2

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-3

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-4

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-5

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-6

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-7

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-8

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-9

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-10

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-11

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-12

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-13

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-14

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-15

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-16

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-17

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-18

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-19

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-20

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-21

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-22

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-23

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-24

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-25

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-26

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-27

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-28

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-29

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-30

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-31

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-32

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-33

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-34

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-35

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-36

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-37

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-38

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-39

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-40

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-41

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

Various Clipper Configurations

D AT

H
Page.No-42

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

R AG

D AT
Page.No-43

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

R AG

D AT
Page.No-44

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

R AG

D AT
Page.No-45

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

R AG

D AT
Page.No-46

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-47

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

R AG

D AT
Page.No-48

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

R AG

D AT
Page.No-49

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-50

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-51

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-52

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-53

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-54

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-55

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-56

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-57

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-58

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-59

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-60

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-61

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-62

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-63

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-64

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-65

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-66

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-67

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-68

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-69

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-70

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-71

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-72

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-73

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-74

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-75

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-76

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-77

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-78

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-79

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-80

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-81

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-82

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-83

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-84

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-85

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-86

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-87

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-88

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-89

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-90

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-91

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-92

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-93

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-94

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-95

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-96

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-97

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-98

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-99

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-100

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-101

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

Various Clamper Configurations

AG

D AT
Page.No-102

ES

(CHEET SHEET)

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-103

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-104

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-105

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-106

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-107

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-108

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-109

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-110

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-111

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-112

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-113

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-114

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-115

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-116

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-117

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-118

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-119

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

Question Bank 1. What do you understand by transient and diffusion Capacitance? 2. Draw a double diode clipper, which limits at two independent levels and explain its operation. 3. Explain different resistance levels associated with diode. 4. Descried diode equivalent model. 5. Explain reverse recovery time associated with the diode. 6. What is the difference between positive and negative clippers? Explain with the help of output waveform. 7. With the help of circuit diagram, describe the operation of clipper that can clip at two independent levels. Choose a suitable waveform for clipper description. Explain how the two clipping level can be controlled independently 8. Sketch the circuit of a positive series clipper showing the input and output waveforms, Briefly explain its operation. 9. Distinguish between clipping and clamping circuits with suitable circuits with suitable diagram and supporting input and output waveforms. 10. Distinguish between clipping and clamping circuits with suitable circuits with suitable diagram and supporting input and output waveforms. 11. Write the difference between clipping and clamping circuits. 12. What is the purpose of a clamping circuit? Explain the working of a diode clamper. How clamping to a dc level is achieved. 13. How does an ideal diode behave as an amplitude limiter? 14. Briefly explain how a diode capacitor circuit serves as a dc restorer. 15. Draw and explain the working of positive clamper 16. Draw the circuit of negative clipper with input and output waveforms. 17. Draw a simple clamping circuit and explain its working? 18. Draw the circuit diagram of half-wave rectifier. Explain its working. What is the frequency of ripple in its output? 19. Draw the circuit diagram of full-wave rectifiers (a) with centre-tap connection, and b) bridge connection. Explain their working. What is the peak-inverse voltage of a diode in each case? 20. What are the advantages of a bridge rectifier as compared to a full-wave centre-tapped rectifier 21. What is efficiency of rectification? Compare half-wave and full-wave rectifiers from the point of view of rectification efficiency. 22. Define (i) a ripple factor, (ii) rectification efficiency, and (iii) transformer utilization factor for a rectifier.

AG

D AT

Page.No-120

ES

DIODE CIRCUITS

RAGHUDATHESH G P

Asst Prof

AG

D AT
Page.No-121

ES

23. Define Transformer Utilization factor. 24. Define the terms P.I.V and regulation as applied to rectifiers 25. Explain the validity of the piecewise linear approximation of the diode model 26. Draw the circuit diagram of a bridge rectifier. Plot its input and output waveforms. 27. Explain reverse recovery time associated with diode. 28. Differentiate between half, full and bridge rectifier. 29. A full-wave rectifier is fed by a 24 \lac (rated) centre-tapped transformer. What is the d.c. output voltage of the circuit. If the rectifier is connected to a load resistance of 2.2 k load, what is the d.c. value of load current. 30. A full-wave rectifier uses two diodes; the forward resistance of each diode is 20. The transformer r.m.s. secondary voltage from centre-tapped to each end of the secondary is 50 V and the load resistance is 980 . Determine (a) the average val ue of load current, and (b) the r.m.s. value of load current. 31. A 50 Hz transformer having 50 V r.m.s. on each side of the centre-tap supplies a fullwave rectifier circuit. The circuit load is 150 Q with a shunt capacitor filter of 1000 F. Find the ripple factor.