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Microclimate Study
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Microclimate Study
The following readings and questions will facilitate your understanding of the role that these factors play
in an ecosystem:
Temperature!
Moisture!
Wind!
Light!
Soil!
Microenvironments!
Weather!
pp91-93,, #5
pp93-97, #1, 5, 6, 7
pp99-100, #2, 3
pp104-109, # 8
p113
p114, #1,2
p125-127
Wet bulb
Dry bulb
Sling Psychrometer This is a delicate instrument with two glass thermometers in it.
Before you start slinging it, please move away from any obstructions it might hit.
This instrument measures .., which is a measure
of the percentage of saturation of air by .. molecules.
When reading this instrument, always read the bulb first.
Using the tables provided, determine the indicated value:
a) Dry bulb = 27C; wet bulb = 21C; R.H, =
Anemometer:
To use our wind meter, stand facing the wind. Hold the meter in front of you, in a vertical
position, with the scale side toward you. Do not block the bottom holes. The height of the ball
indicates the wind velocity. In strong winds (> 15km/h), place your finger at the top of the
meter bad read the scale as indicated.
Rain Gauge:
If a rain gauge has an opening of 4cm2, and the contents were measured as 80mL, how much
rain fell in 1cm2?
!............................................................................................
Max-Min Thermometer
These are delicate instruments with a long U-shaped glass
thermometer in each. Notice how the scales on each side read in
opposite directions, Notice also, the blue pins in each. When the
temperature rises, the marker 'pin' in the right hand column is pushed
upwards. It will stay there until you reset it. You read the bottom of
the 'pin'. This example is 28C.
When the temperature falls, the marker in the left hand column will be
pushed upwards to show the minimum temperature. Again, read the
bottom of the 'pin'. This example is 16C.
Boom of pin
Be sure to reset the thermometer ONLY IN THE MORNING!
page 2
Microclimate Study
Field Work
Equipment at each station!
!
Equipment each group!
Note: Light readings will be
taken at each station by your
instructor. Do not leave your
station until the light reading
is taken.
Max-Min Thermometer
Rain Gauge
Meter stick
Armored thermometer
Sling psychrometer
Sample bottle for soil
Distilled water container
w/ water (for wet bulb and soil
pH)
Anemometer
pH paper
Tables I and II
Clipboard
Pencil
Remember each person in your group must have their own copies of Tables 1 and 2 for each of the
eight stations.
Method
Each day, immediately before breakfast and before supper, you will visit the station assigned to your
group. Prior to visiting the station, you must collect all equipment from the lab which must also be
returned to the lab at the end of the visit.
Upon arriving at the station, complete Tables I and II. You will do this by dividing the various jobs
amongst your team members and carefully taking each reading and observation. Each member of the
group must have a complete set of tables.
Do not rush your work! Plan on spending at least 20 minutes collecting the data. When finished,
return the equipment to the lab and record your groups data on the master recording sheet.
Notes:!1. It is easier to do calculations in the lab rather than in the field.
!
2. Critically examine your results do they seem reasonable? Do they make sense?
The following questions should help you to organize your thoughts on this field study:
1. For each observation (microclimate factor), compare the eight stations and explain any trends noted.
2. For the samples taken during a 24-hour period, describe the trends in microclimate factors. Explain
any differences between stations.
3. What biotic and abiotic factors influence light intensity?
4. Explain the difference in % ground cover.
5. Which stations had the most acidic soil? Explain why.
6. Which stations had the deepest humus layer? Explain why.
7. In your judgment, which station was the most extreme (harsh)? Explain how these conditions affect
the biota. Explain the role of the biota in helping to create these conditions.
8. Using your knowledge of succession, predict how these environments will look, without human
disturbance, 100 or more years from now.
9. What effect might global climate change have on these environments?
page 3
Name:!....................................................................................................Date: !...........................
On the first day of the investigation, we will visit each of the eight stations. Record below your
observations and descriptions of each station:
Plant cover and density
Temperature relative to other stations
Ground cover and density
Humidity relative to other stations
Brightness relative to other stations
Location relative to other features (lodge, road,
lake, bare rock, etc.)
Station 1
Station 2
Station 3
Station 4
Station 5
Station 6
Station 7
Station 8
Predictions: Based on your initial observations and what you know of microclimates at this stage,
which station do you think will be the:
Warmest: !.................................
Why?
Coldest: !...................................
Why?
page 5
Station: A!
Date:!.................................................................................Time:!....................
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Number!
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Soil pH:!.......................!
Station: B!
Date:!.................................................................................Time:!....................
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Number!
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!................!
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Soil pH:!.......................!
page 7
These observations must be made by each person in your group ONCE for each station.
Group #!..........Names:!................................................................................................................................
Station: C!
Date:!.................................................................................Time:!....................
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Number!
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Soil pH:!.......................!
Station: D!
Date:!.................................................................................Time:!....................
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Number!
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Soil pH:!.......................!
page 8
These observations must be made by each person in your group ONCE for each station.
Group #!..........Names:!................................................................................................................................
Station: E!
Date:!.................................................................................Time:!....................
!..........................................................................!
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Number!
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Soil pH:!.......................!
Station: F!
Date:!.................................................................................Time:!....................
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Number!
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Soil pH:!.......................!
page 9
These observations must be made by each person in your group ONCE for each station.
Group #!..........Names:!................................................................................................................................
Station: G!
Date:!.................................................................................Time:!....................
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Soil pH:!.......................!
Station: H!
Date:!.................................................................................Time:!....................
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Number!
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Soil pH:!.......................!
page 10
Group #!..........Names:!................................................................................................................................
Station ____
Station ____
am
pm
Weather conditions
at time of observations
Relative Humidity
Wet Bulb T:
Wet Bulb T:
Dry Bulb T:
Dry Bulb T:
R.H.
R.H.
mm
Wind Speed
Light
lux
lux
Min
Max
Temperature
Air (+1m)
Air (+1m)
Ground (5cm)
Ground (5cm)
Error
How might error (human
or otherwise) creep into
these observations?
Other observations
(animals, human
disturbance)
page 11
Group #!..........Names:!................................................................................................................................
Station ____
Station ____
am
pm
Weather conditions
at time of observations
Relative Humidity
Wet Bulb T:
Wet Bulb T:
Dry Bulb T:
Dry Bulb T:
R.H.
R.H.
mm
Wind Speed
Light
lux
lux
Min
Max
Temperature
Air (+1m)
Air (+1m)
Ground (5cm)
Ground (5cm)
Error
How might error (human
or otherwise) creep into
these observations?
Other observations
(animals, human
disturbance)
page 12
Group #!..........Names:!................................................................................................................................
Station ____
Station ____
am
pm
Weather conditions
at time of observations
Relative Humidity
Wet Bulb T:
Wet Bulb T:
Dry Bulb T:
Dry Bulb T:
R.H.
R.H.
mm
Wind Speed
Light
lux
lux
Min
Max
Temperature
Air (+1m)
Air (+1m)
Ground (5cm)
Ground (5cm)
Error
How might error (human
or otherwise) creep into
these observations?
Other observations
(animals, human
disturbance)
page 13
Group #!..........Names:!................................................................................................................................
Station ____
Station ____
am
pm
Weather conditions
at time of observations
Relative Humidity
Wet Bulb T:
Wet Bulb T:
Dry Bulb T:
Dry Bulb T:
R.H.
R.H.
mm
Wind Speed
Light
lux
lux
Min
Max
Temperature
Air (+1m)
Air (+1m)
Ground (5cm)
Ground (5cm)
Error
How might error (human
or otherwise) creep into
these observations?
Other observations
(animals, human
disturbance)
page 14
0% !_____________________________________________________100%
F. Construct a similar graph to represent the % Ground Cover at each of eight stations on the same
line.
G. Make a table of Soil pH values for all eight stations.
H. Construct a bar graph showing the Depth of Humus Layer at each of eight stations.
Note: depth of humus layer is below ground level how can you best show this on a graph?).
Title Page
Graphs (8 x 3 each)
A. T-air and T-ground vs Time (x 8)
B. Tmax & Tmin vs Time (x 8)
C. Relative Humidity & Light by station
D. Precipn by station (x 8)
E. % Canopy Cover by station
F. % Groundcover by station
G. Soil pH by station
H. Depth of Humus by station
24
Analysis of Data
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Conclusion
Restatement of problem/hypothesis with
thorough explanation of findings and answers to
questions posed
12
Master Sheets
Literature Cited
TOTAL 100
Mark
Comments