Electronic Code Lock Schematic Circuit

Nowadays, electronic code locks are usually based on microcontrollers. However, if you like your electronics discrete, you will enjoy the battery-operated circuit shown here. Since the circuit automatically switches off after the door has been opened and draws no current in the idle state, three alkaline batteries (mignon, or !" cells# are good for around $,%%% door openings. &he main advantage is that the door opener can also be powered from the battery, so it's not necessary to run any e(tra cables.
Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the circuit, which is split into two parts. The first part is the control panel, which consists of a 12-position keypad and two LEDs. The second part is the programming and e aluation logic, which contains only standard logic !"s. The control panel is connected to the logic #oard #y a 1$-way flat ca#le. The keypad circuit is laid out with separate connections to the indi idual switches, instead of a matri%. The code is programmed using the two pin connector strips &1 and &2. The circuit allows any desired com#ination of num#ers to #e used for the code, up to a ma%imum of ' positions. (ress-ing a particular #utton, which in principle is random #ut which naturally must #e specified in ad ance, awakens the circuit from the )ero-current idle state. This *tart #utton cannot #e used in the su#se+uent code se+uence. The *tart #utton is programmed #y connecting a wire #ridge from the associated pin of &2 to pin 1 of &1. The code se+uence is programmed in a similar manner. The first numeral of the code is programmed #y connect-ing the associated pin of &2 to pin 2 of &1, the connection for the second numeral is made to pin , of &1, the third to pin - and so on. .umerals that are not used in the code do not actually ha e to #e connected. /owe er, if the unused #uttons are connected to 0DD, the code lock will assume that an error has occurred if any of these #uttons is pressed and will reset the circuit. (ressing the *tart #utton switches on transistor T1, which connects the supply oltage source to the code lock. This is indicated #y the yellow LED 1D223.

Part List : Resistors : !),!* + not ,tted !- + **%k. !/,!$ + )0. !" + **%k. !1,!2,!)%,!)1 + )%%k. !3,!)*,!)/ + *0.* !)) + $"%. !)-,!)$,!*% + )k.$ !)" + )%%k. !)3 + )*%. !)2 + )%k !*)-!*/ + -.!*$-!-$ + **k. Capacitors : 4),4",41,43,4)% + )%%n5 4*,4-,4$ + )%n5 4/ + )65 42 + --%n5 4)) + /165 )"7 radial Semiconductors : 8)-82,8)),8)-,8)/,8)$,8)1, 8)3 + )N/)/3 8)%,8)* + 9ener diode )7* %./:; 8)" + )N/%%) 8)2 + <=8, green 8*% + <=8, yellow &) + >4-*1 &*,&-,&/ + >4--1 &$ + >8)/% ?4) + /%)1 ?4*,?4- + /%"2 or /%)%" Miscellaneous : @A) + jumper B),B* + )*-way pinheader or wire links B-,B/ + not reCuired (ribbon cable #

B$, B" + *-way A4> terminal block, lead pitch $mm S)-S)* + pushbutton with make contact

Since the logic ?4s are now enabled, the output of ?4-f will be High, so &* also conducts and pulls the base of &) to ground. &his means that the Start button can be released without affecting the circuit. However, 4)) can now slowly charge via the high resistance of !)* until the voltage at the inverter input is high enough to cause its output to go <ow, which interrupts the supply voltage to the circuit and puts it back into the idle state. &he valid code must therefore be entered during the time interval determined by this !D4 time constant. Ence the supply voltage is disconnected, 4)) discharges rapidly via 8)3. &his is important, since other-wise 4)) could retain its charge for a long time. &his would make the time allowed for entering the code significantly shorter the ne(t time the lock is used. Aressing the Start button also has other conseCuences. 7ia the Start switch, ground potential arrives at ?4*d, where it causes a pulse to be generated that places counter ?4) in a defined state (F% + )# prior to the entry of the first code numeral. &he first code numeral can now be entered. ?f the correct button is pressed, the High potential from F% passes through the closed switch to reach ?4*dD?4*a. &his net-work generates a positive pulse at the instant that the but-ton is released. &his pulse clocks the counter, so that the High level from F% moves by one position to F). &his process repeats itself until all code numerals have been entered.

fter the ninth numeral has been entered, the positive volt-age jumps to F2, where it charges 4/ (if jumper @A) is installed#. :hile 4/ is charging, the output of ?4*e goes <ow for appro(imately two seconds, and the output of ?4-d goes high for the same interval. Aower transistor &$ is switched on via !)2 and &/ to supply current to the door opener. t the same time, ?4-a switches on the green <=8 (8)2# to indicate that the door can be opened. &- limits the current through the door opener to around 1%% m . Ence 4/ is sufficiently charged, the output of ?4*e changes to High. Not only does this switch off the door opener, but the positive edge also generates a pulse in the network ?4*fG?4-c that passes through 8)/ to reach ?4) as a reset pulse (8)/, 8)1 8)- and !1 together form a Hwired-or' gate#. ?nverter ?4-b also provides the power-up reset to the counter. &he reset signal places the circuit back into its initial state. :hat happens if an incorrect button is pushedI ?n such a case a <ow level is passed through in place of the High level from the counter output. &his has the same conseCuence as the <ow level from the Start buttonJ the counter is reset.

Note that you can also modify the circuit to use fewer than nine numerals for the code. ll that is necessary is to connect 4/ via a jumper to another counter output in place of F2 (for e(ample, to F/ for a four-position code#. &he diode at the selected output of the counter can be replaced by a wire jumper, and the Hhigher level' diodes can also be omit-ted. &he active Hon' time of the door opener is * s. ?f this seems to be too short, the value of !3 or 4/ can be increased. However, this also increases the amount of power drawn from the battery, especially considering that the door opener is by far the biggest power glutton in the circuit. ?n order to integrate the circuit into an e(isting door opener or to use it to operate an ac door opener, you should connect a relay to B$. >efore assembling the circuit using the printed circuit board shown in 5igure *, you should separate the two sections by sawing between B- and B/. &he logic board should not be fitted directly behind the pushbuttons for entering the code. ?nstead, it is better to separate the entry pushbuttons, the <=8s and the door opener from the logic circuit board with a length of cable. Etherwise, a screw driver or a bit of wire connected between the emitter and collector of &$ is all that is needed to outfo( the code lock and open the door.

5itting the components to the circuit board should not be difficult. &he ?4s can be mounted in sockets. &he author used /%/2 inverter ?4s, but in the =lektor =lectronics lab prototype we used /%"2's, which are functionally compatible but not pin-compatible, and we also tried a /%)%", which has Schmitt-trigger inputs. :ith a /%"2, normal )N/)/3 diodes can be used for 8)% and 8)*. &he best solution is to use the relatively noise-immune /%)%". However, it is then necessary to use Kener diodes for 8)% and 8)*, due to the higher threshold voltage. -.--7 type is ideal with an operating voltage of )$ 7. &here is one thing you should not overlookJ with low-voltage 9ener diodes, the band on the package marks the anode instead of the cathode, as you would normally e(pect. t least, this is true in most cases, but not always.