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Climate Change

I. Introduction There is an issue that now widely recognized as the major environmental problem. It is climate change issue. Climate change is a complex phenomenon, and its full-scale impacts are hard to predict far in advance. But each year scientists learn more about how climate change is affecting the planet and our communities, and most agree that certain consequences are likely to occur if current trends continue. To understanding about climate change, we have to know basic information about climate change. First of all we have to know about the different between weather and climate, and what is the climate change. For further discussion I would like to tell briefly about how is climate changing and what is the effect of climate change. So if we can understand about this issue, we can take a part to make a solution even if it is just a simple solution. All information that we have to know will be discussed in the summary below. So we can make a conclusion about this topic. II. Summary A. The different between weather and climate Weather describes the hourly or daily conditions that people experience each day. While Climate describes the average or typical conditions of temperature, relative humidity, cloudiness, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and other meteorological factors that prevail globally or regionally for extended periods. Which is why it is often said that Climate is what you expect; weather is what you get. People expect the weather to change, but have a harder time agreeing exactly how climate is changing. This is because climate change manifests itself differently in different places; because people tend to remember extreme events such as very hot or cold days or hurricanes and droughts more than subtle

changes in trends; and because there have been disagreements between scientists about the magnitude, causes and effects of climate change. B. What is the climate change There are several definitions about climate change. According to Oxford Dictionary, the definition of climate change is changes in the earth's weather, including changes in temperature, wind patterns and rainfall, especially the increase in the temperature of the earth's atmosphere that is caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide. According to Wikipedia, The most general definition of climate change is a change in the statistical properties of the climate system when considered over long periods of time, regardless of cause. And http://www.ensaa.eu defined climate change as a long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in the average weather conditions or a change in the distribution of weather events with respect to an average, for example, greater or fewer extreme weather events. Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or may occur across the whole Earth. C. How is climate changing According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), there are 7 indicators that would be expected to increase in a warming world, they are tropospheric temperature, humidity, temperature over ocean, sea surface temperature, temperature over land, sea level, and ocean heat content. There are also 3 indicators would be expected to decrease, they are glaciers, snow cover, and sea ice. As we can see below.

During 2006 and 2007, several major reports from the IPCC, founded on wide scientific agreement, catalyzed broad acceptance that Earths climate is changing rapidly and that human activities are the primary factors causing this change. Many of the factors that caused earlier changes continue to influence todays climate, but human activities have now become the predominant force causing our climate to change very rapidly. Human activities contribute to climate change by causing changes in Earths atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse gases, aerosols (small particles), and cloudiness. The largest known contribution comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere. The other activities including deforestation, land use, ozone depletion, and animal agriculture. D. What is the greenhouse effect? The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring phenomenon that blankets the earth and warms it, maintaining the temperature that living things need to survive. Surprisingly, the atmospheres most abundant gases nitrogen, oxygen, and argon do not influence climate. Instead, its the molecules of trace gases, especially water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane

(CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ozone (O3) that strongly absorb infra-red radiation contained in sunlight, or emitted by land and water as they cool. Just as greenhouses keep the air inside them warm, so water vapor and trace gases keep Earth about 54 F warmer than it would be without them. This retention of heat is called the greenhouse effect and the gases that cause it are known as greenhouse gases. Greenhouse effect is one of the causes of climate change and global warming. E. What the effect of climate change Researchers has been studying about this phenomenon over a year. And found that these changes have led to the emergence of large-scale environmental hazards to human health, such as : extreme weather, ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity, stresses to food-producing systems, and the global spread of infectious diseases.

III.

Conclusion Climate change is changes in the earth's weather, including changes in temperature, wind patterns and rainfall, especially the increase in the temperature of the earth's atmosphere when considered over long periods of time, regardless of cause. Many of the factors that caused earlier changes continue to influence todays climate, but human activities have now become the predominant force causing our climate to change very rapidly. The activities including the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, land use, ozone depletion, and animal agriculture. And the effect consist of change extreme weather, ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity, stresses to food-producing systems, and the global spread of infectious diseases.

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References 1) http://www.neaq.org/conservation_and_research/climate_change/climate_chang e_basics.php 2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change 3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change_on_humans 4) http://www.ensaa.eu/index.php/climate-change/97-defining-climate-change.html

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