2012 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI -2012), Jan.

10 12, 2012, Coimbatore, INDIA

back Face ground Authentication face information will to be A Proposed Technique of Online verified by MatLab code. After client preprocessing, the client background service Be Used For the User Identification
Dibyendu Ghoshal
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Department National Institute of Technology, Agartala, India E-mail: dghoshal_diet@rediffmail.com

Abstract: - A technique of online face authentication has been proposed which may be used for the user identification. Pre processing of acquired image has been accomplished through consecutive steps viz. image reading and subsequent adjustment of illumination level and feature extraction from a certain portion of the clipped image to form a template. Provision for automatic uploading of the template through internet to remote server by the client background service has been made. Eigen values of the clipped block of image, i.e. template have been calculated and compared with those of already saved image in the remote server in order to authenticate the received image along with the password of the user. The present work based on person based authentication is expected to be less prone to be cracked by the hackers and has provided a higher recognition rate of the transmitted images from the client side. Keywords - Face recognition system, online, SQL server, ASP, User Identification.

remote server, then, the server background service starts the recognition task and sends the recognition result back to the client. With the development of computer networking systems, demand of automatic face recognition system has been increasing rapidly for various applications such as security and identification, and it has become an active research area in bioinformatics. Various methods of online face recognition [1-3] have been proposed and applied in the network security [4-6] and the criminal face image retrieval [7]. Quanbin Li et al. [1] described and validated an implementation scheme of online face recognition system. They have used self database and ASP as front end with illumination compensation, SMQT, Delphi Algorithm. Hwangjun Song et al. [2] has presented an online face recognition system through the Internet. One unique feature has been proposed by them and the system was based on multiple frames while other face algorithms use only an original image. Guo-Dong Guo et al [4] has proposed the AdaBoost algorithm for face recognition. But no study on Online Face Authentication based on face recognition and user identification is not available in published literature. An online face recognition system proposed by the present authors consists of a server and networkconnected clients. The online face recognition system can be defined as follows. It is a system preprocessed input face images of the client are automatically uploaded to the remote server through the Internet by client background service. Then, the server background service starts the recognition process and sends the recognition result back to the client using certain dynamic web page technology (e.g. ASP). It includes four main aspects viz. face images acquisition and pre-processing of the data collected from client; high-speed and reliable transmission system through the Internet.

I. INTRODUCTION Authentication is a significant issue in system control in computer based communication. Traditional account based authentication does not guarantee the identity of the exact person of the account. This process has the drawback that it is prone to be easily guessed by an undesired person. One efficient way of overcome this problem is to identify the person willing to access on the basis of face based account. Human face recognition is an important branch of biometric verification and has been widely used in many applications, such as video monitor system, humancomputer interaction, and door control system and network security. The stand-alone version of face based system has some application limitations. This paper presents a design and realization of the online face based identifying system. Whole system is controlled automatically uploads the local face image to the

Extract

Capture

(Preprocessing)

Compare

Make Decision

Fig. 1: The Biometric Process steps proposed in the present work.

978-1-4577-1583-9/ 12/ $26.00 2012 IEEE

2012 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI -2012), Jan. 10 12, 2012, Coimbatore, INDIA

We have proposed the Face Based Authentication System (FBAS). FBAS conducts the authentication depends on both face image and password. FBAS has several advantages. First, the account factors of account based authentication are replaced by face images. Hence, the identity of the accessing person is expected to become more secured. Secondly, in the proposed method, only the face images are not enough to login, the passwords will also be needed. Thirdly, the owner of account can be identified by some other means, but the face images cannot be easily fabricated. Finally, it has been established

that, the password can be utilized to enhance the authentication rate. II. SYSTEM OVERVIEW Fig. 2 represents the system overview of the proposed scheme of research. It is observed from the scheme that when a user will sign up to the system for the first time, his face will be captured by the camera which will be processed by Matlab codes in the background. In case, Matlab codes are able to recognise a human face, it will extract the region of face and store it to the face database

Captured image

Face Detection

Extracted face image

Password

Face recognition engine

Recognized human face

Permitted ?

Yes

Login Successful

No
Login Failed
Fig 2: Proposed System Overview.

NoFigure

2: Proposed System Overview

Request

Request

Request

Response

Response

Response (Database)

(Client)

(Internet)

(Server)

Fig 3: The structure of the proposed online face recognition system.

2012 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI -2012), Jan. 10 12, 2012, Coimbatore, INDIA

as its login identifier along with the password of the person willing to access. Next time, when the same user would try to login the system, his face would be utilised by the server as his login identity. During this process, his face will be captured and this will be sent to the server. Then the server would compare the existing face images already stored in the database with that of the accessing user and at the same time users password would be tried to be matched by the server. If it is found to be matched with existing records of the database, the user will be permitted to login. III. SYSTEM DESIGN Fig. 3 shows that the proposed system is fully based on client server architecture. Client captures several images, detects the face area of the images, resize and compress the images if situation demands, and transmits the resultant image thus obtained through the Internet. The recognition process is done at server, and extracted face image is stored in the servers database for future reference, and then it sends back the recognition result to the client. A. Face Information Databases Design
TABLE 1: IT IS THE TABLE SHOWING THE COMBINATION OF USER ID AND PASSWORDS.

the execution process of the client service is given below

algorithm [11] // the execution process of the client service //start service through browser in client side

In the present study, the background service on the client/ server are developed based on Delphi

Detect and start capturing images through web camera of the client side: Begin //Pre-process the captured image and extract face image //calculate the eigen value of the captured face image and compared with eigen values of existing faces in the database.

//If eigen value does not matched with existing ones, upload the new face image to remote server end; C. Face Authentication on the Server The PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method for completing authentication process in the server has been used in the present work.

Sl. no User id

2
C.1: PCA (Principal Component Analysis) PCA method has been widely used in applications such as face recognition and image compression. PCA is a common technique for finding patterns in data, and expressing the data as eigenvector to highlight the similarities and differences between different data. The following steps summarize the PCA process. 1. Let {D1,D2,DM} be the training data set. The average Avg is defined by:

Password Flags

1234 True

3456 True

Face information database on the remote server mainly contains information as shown in Table 1. B. Client Design Process In order to improve transmission efficiency and the correct recognition rate, the pre-processing comprises three steps: first, read the image and subsequent adjustment of the illumination on the image. Secondly, the face region would be undergone detection process and a follow-up clipping operation. Thirdly, the clipped block of the image thus obtained would be temporarily stored in the server for any future use. After pre-processing, Eigen values of the clipped block of the image will be calculated and compared with the Eigen values of already saved face images in the database.

2. Each element in the training data set differs from Avg by the vector Yi=Di-Avg. The covariance matrix Cov is obtained as:

3. Choose M significant eigenvectors of Cov as EKs, and compute the weight vectors Wik for each element in the training data set, where k varies from 1 to M.

2012 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI -2012), Jan. 10 12, 2012, Coimbatore, INDIA

Using PCA algorithm the following authentication steps would be followed in the server: Begin: // start service through browser in client side. Detect and start capturing images through web camera of the client side for login to the system // Pre-process the captured image and extract face image and calculate the eigen value of the captured face image and compared with eigen values of existing faces in the database // If eigen value does not match with existing ones, login is failed. // If eigen value is matched then the system will check the corresponding password of the user, as the combination of the user id and password are found matched then login successfully done otherwise login would failed. end; IV. EXPERIMENT Experiments have been carried out by the present authors with the help of the 100 face images collected from the data base provided by the client side. Some sample face images from the database are shown in Fig. 4.

The screenshot of the client side as obtained by the present method has been shown in Fig. 6. In this method, the password of the user has been integrated with the image of the users face to improve the

Fig 6: The screenshot of the Client Side.

recognition rate i.e. to obtain a higher ratio of image recognition with the total number of the images input to the system. The acquired face images by the camera on the client side, and then the individual password have been sent simultaneously as input data to be transmitted through the channel and ultimately to be processed by the server background services. If combination of face and password matches with the data already stored in the server, then the user is permitted to login the system. The integration between the recognised image and the user password takes place at the final stage of login. The integration process has become obvious from Fig. 6.
Fig. 4: Sample Faces stored in server.
TABLE 2: FACE RECOGNITION RATE (UNDER BALANCED ILLUMINATION, WHITE BACKGROUND AND FIXED DISTANCE BETWEEN CAMERA AND USER)

The acquired new images from the client side would be pre-processed on the client side itself, and the preprocessing result has been shown in Fig. 5

Face Orientation

Recognition rate

00 18 54 > 700

98.7 % 80.0 % 19.2 % 0%

(a)

(b)

(c)

Fig. 5: Pre-processing method (b) region.

(a) original image marked portion of face region(c) segment of face

Table 2 has shown the variation of the face recognition rate with respect to the orientation of the faces. It has been seen that the recognition rate of the face is maximum when the direction of the face is perpendicular to the image acquisition system e.g. a camera.

2012 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI -2012), Jan. 10 12, 2012, Coimbatore, INDIA

V. CONCLUTION A novel technique has been proposed to authenticate an user willing to login an account on the basis of image of the user as well as the password. The technique has focussed on person based authentication and has been found to have several advantages. The factors of account based authentication are replaced by face images. Hence, the genuine person will only be allowed to login. In the proposed method only the face images are not enough to login, the passwords are still needed. Thus, the system cannot be easily cracked by simply presenting or inserting a picture of the user in front of camera. Further it has been shown that the password is able to be utilized to enhance the recognition rate significantly.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors gratefully acknowledge the kind inspiration provided by the Prof. Dr. P K Bose, Director National Institute of Technology, Agartala. DEDICATION The research work is dedicated to the everlasting memory of late Ms. Sumita Ghoshal, the only sister of D. Ghoshal, who herself was a gem of scholar with unfathomable knowledge and wisdom, beauty and simplicity.

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