MFET 3451 EXPERIMENT # 3 METALLOGRAPHY LABORATORY OBJECTIVE: E!

"I#$E%T "&E': &"##+IE&: To learn specimen preparation techniques in metallography and study the microstructures of typical engineering alloy(s) (rinders) polishing *heels) drying fans) and metallurgical microscopes ,crylic resin etching solutions (nitric acid) alcohol)) ,l-O. (/0m) 10m and 2 2/ 0m) and consuma3le supplies as needed and gi4en engineering alloy specimens

5E6E5E%CE $,TE5I,+: Operating instruction of the equipment to 3e used $ET,++O(5,#7IC &T"'8: "sing steel )aluminum and9or 3rass (:2; Cu< =2; >n) specimen) and the metallurgical microscope) analy?e the microstructure of your gi4en engineering alloys Identify the phase or phases present and the grain si?e of the material from your metallographic e@amination &tudy the microstructures using the metallurgical microscope and appropriate phase diagrams #ro4ide interpretation of your microstructures and prepare a la3oratory report of your e@periment #5OCE'"5E: ,&&I(%$E%T: &ee attached e@perimental procedure Each student is to prepare metallographic specimens as pro4ided in the la3oratory) and to sAetch and sho* typical) representati4e microstructure of these specimens 'ra* the microstructure you o3ser4e in your specimens Comment on the phases) composition of the phase(s)) amounts of phase(s)) and estimate the ,&T$ grain si?e of the microstructures
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"sing phase diagram information) identify in your results the phases) amounts of phases and types of microstructures that you o3ser4e in your metallographic analysis 6rom your understanding of grain si?e) calculate or gi4e an estimate if the material is coarse grained or fine grained) *ith its appro@imate ,&T$ grain si?e num3er Comment on type of deformation or heat treatment the specimen might ha4e undergone

Metallography Observation Record

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(rind) polish) and etch the t*o specimens gi4en to you 'ra* the microstructures you o3ser4e in your specimens

$agnification: &pecimen: Etchant: O3ser4ation:

$agnification: &pecimen: Etchant: O3ser4ation:

Stage I: MAKING SPECIMEN MOUNTS: Cold mounting procedure will be used to mount the specimens. Place the sample in a mounting cup with the help of mounting clips and then pour a mixture of resin mixture of two components). Now allow the resin to solidify (curing) and then take the sample out of the mounting cup. Applying release agent to the walls of the mounting cup before pouring the resin will help in easily removing the sample after curing process.

Figure 1: Various resins used for cold mounting

Stage II: G !"#!"g he specimens will be taken and grinded on different emery papers (!iC) using grinding machine ("igure #). Procedure$ (%) (#) &pen water line located behind grinder. !tarting on the %#' and then #(' grit si)e* place prepared specimen* or metal face down of abrasive surface* and being sliding specimen against abrasive in a forward and backward motion. Next* turn specimen ,' degrees and repeat above procedure on the +#' -rit surface. Again turn specimen ,' degrees and repeat procedure (#) now on the ('' -rit surface. "inally* turning specimen ,' degrees and repeat procedure (#) now on the /'' -rit surface. Close water line.

(+) (() (.) (/)

Figure 2: Grinding Machine Stage III: P$%!&'!"g ('ee%& Polish the specimen on polishing wheels ("igure +) using li0uid suspension of Al #&+ and water* which is a very fine abrasive* until a mirror like finish is obtained. !tart with . 1m and then with % 1m and then proceed to '.'. 1m grit si)e Al #&+ powder polishing station. At this stage the microscopic examination may reveal cracks* seams* non2metallic inclusions* and any other similar scale inhomogeneties.

Figure 3: olishing !tation Stage I): Et*'!"g t'e S+ ,a*e 3tching is the selective attack by a chemical reagent that reveals the microstructural detail of the polished mount. he grain boundaries are attacked to a higher extent than grains because of their high energy. his results in depression of grain boundaries. o reveal the crystalline structure of the specimen* the polished surface is etched using appropriate etching solution. "or this experiment use +4 Nitol (,54Alcohol2+4 Nitric Acid) to etch the surface of the
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polished steel specimen. "or brass specimens .'4 nitric acid solution can be used. he etching solution may be applied on the specimen using a swab. 6t is very important to not over etch or under etch the specimen. Stage ): M!* $&*$-. he etched specimen will be examined using metallurgical microscope (shown in "igure (). he photographs will be printed and also the digital image of the grain structure will be saved for further image analysis.

Figure ": Metallurgical Microscopes Re,e e"*e&: %. A!7 8andbook* 7etalography* vol. ,* A!726nternational* &hio. #. 9illiam :. Callister ;r.* <"undamentals of 7aterials !cience and 3ngineering2An 6ntegrated Approach=* #nd edition* #''.* 6!>N '2(5%2(5'%(25 +. <7etallurgy and metallography of pure metals=* 3dited by ?.!. @emelAanov BandC A.6. @evstyukhin* %,/#* &CDC E %/#,55#.
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hompson 8enry* <7icroscopical techni0ues in metallurgy=* %,.(* &CDCE #%((/#5.