ABSTRACT

Today the field of electronic spans around the automation and dehumanizing the human effort from the field operation. To perform the operation of the devices are supposed at their own needing a less help from the human. Engineers tend to empower the machine so that they can evaluate the problem and fix it to perform error diagonals making a record of the operation timing in order to make future problem much simple and flexible. The project Boiler Automation uses the concept of automation to automate a system to perform secure operations, safety peripherals, making the system fault free and proper operation of heating. We propose the parameters like the temperature of steam and water, maintain water level in the boiler and control pressure inside the vessel. The pressure of the steam has to be measured and monitored for safe and reliable operation of the system. This kind of operation can be carried out more efficiently and implemented by employing Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Our design monitors boiler temperature (steam and water), pressure and volume via a variety of sensors which provide input to PLC. The PLC controls the different parameters and gives out the user required volume of steam. All the parameter variables controlled and shown on the display panel. For safety purpose mechanical safety valves are used to release extra pressure.

CHAPTER 1
CONTEXTUAL STUDY

1.0 INTRODUCTION
A boiler is a close vessel which is used to heat up fluids or water and are those vaporized or fluids used for different processes. The generation of steam facility with in any plant is reffered to as the heat. In this event the system shut down for unexpected reasons or for plant turned around most processes will not be operable. For that reason, the treatment reason are very conservative that are used in the boiler.

1.1 OBJECTIVES
The aim of this project is to design an automated control system for the boiler with the help of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The composition of the boiler is made up of different material changes with the passage of time due to demand in an increase in the strength of these pressurized vessels. The boilers, historically, were made of wrought iron which is very strong and cheaper, with the construction of welding which is faster, quicker and require less labor. The fire boxes of these boilers are made of copper that was chosen because of its higher thermal conductivity and better formability but it has replaced by other materials such as steel because of the rise in price. Steam boilers are used to produce super heated steam which is used in different processes like to run the turbine which in turn produces electricity, historically the generation of steam boilers

Were used to run the steam engines, it is also used in a central cooling system which helps in maintaining the chemical soft inside the cooling system (chiller) or otherwise it will get harder and the chiller will not work, it is also used in re-boiling operations and cooking and lot more functions of steam boiler. 1.2 TYPES OF BOILER There are various types of boiler which are as follow: Fire-tube Boiler Water-tube Boiler Haycock or Pot Boiler Superheated steam Boiler Hydronic Boiler

Most important among these are water-tube, fire-tube and superheated Boiler.

1.2.1 WATER TUBE BOILER

In water tube boilers the positions of tube are vertically in the fire box and through these tubes water flow gets heated. These vertical water tubes are called rises and these tubes extends from water drum which is at the bottom of the boiler of the steam header which is at the top of the boiler. These typically surround the fire box in many layers like a dense forest. As the steam bubbles form in the tubes, they rise in the steam drum where steam exit through the header of the steam boiler. Many different configurations of water tube boiler can be arranged in furnace and they are used to connect at the bottom of water drums and water at the top of the steam drum. A mono tube boiler pump is used to circulate water through a succession of coils. The production of steam of this boiler type is very fast and very less storage capacity. Water tube boiler is preferred for very high pressure application because high pressure steam/water is contained in smaller diameter pipes which to stand for high pressure.

DIAGRAM

Fig 1.2.1 WATER TUBE BOILER

1.2.2 FIRE TUBE BOILER

Fire tube boiler consists of a boiler shell which is filled with water and perforated with tubes, various configurations of these tubes but the horizontal configuration is the common one. In this boiler water is filled partially in water tank and the volume is left in the water tank to the accommodation of steam.

Long horizontal tubes are called as flues and these tubes carry very hot combustion of gases through this water tank and heating the water. The furnace is situated at one end of fire tube which provides a path for hot gases and expending the heating surface which is further increased by the reverse direction of gases through a parallel tube or a bundle of tubes (return flue boiler).

DIAGRAM

Fig 1.2.2 FIRE-TUBE BOILER