Code No: RR212305 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain the PVT relationships with a neat diagrams. Indicate the triple point.
(b) Write the Virial equation of state, and define the compressibility factor.[8+8]
2. Write short notes: [4x4=16]
(a) Explain the Carnot refrigeration cycle.
(b) Write about the air refrigeration cycle.
(c) Compare the refrigeration cycles.
(d) Write about the choice of refrigerant.
3. (a) Write Maxwell’s equations.
(b) Starting with the equation dH = Tds + Vdp show that the isobars in the
vapor region of Mollier(Enthalpy-Entropy) diagram must have positive slope
and positive curvature. [8+8]
4. (a) Develop a general equation for calculation of InφI , values from compressibility-
factor data.
(b) Estimate from φ = (φ0 )(φ1 )ω a value for the fugacity of 1-butene vapor at
2000 C and 70 bar. [8+8]
5. (a) Describe the criteria for phase equilibrium.
(b) What is an azeotrope? How azeotropes can be separated. [8+8]
6. (a) Describe the thermodynamic criteria for a reaction top proceed in a homoge-
nous system.
(b) Derive the relation ship between the equilibrium constant and the standard
Gibb’s free energy change. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product
formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4 +2NH3 + phenyl acetate → Pencillium G + CO2 +8H2 O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the
molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. Describe variations in cellular composition with different types of organisms.[6+10]

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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What do you mean by chemical equilibrium process? [8+8]

(b) Write the “Phase Rule” and its significance in finding the degrees of freedom.

2. Write short notes: [4x4=16]

(a) Explain the Carnot refrigeration cycle.

(b) Write about the air refrigeration cycle.
(c) Compare the refrigeration cycles.
(d) Write about the choice of refrigerant.

3. Derive expressions for the residual Gibbs energy and residual enthalpy of a fluid
described by:

(a) two-term virial equation of state

(b) cubic equation of state [8+8]

4. (a) Write the combining rules proposed by Prausnitz for the calculation of : ωij
, Tcij , Pcij , Zcij and Vcij .
(b) Write some characteristics of ideal solution. [8+8]

5. (a) Describe the criteria for phase equilibrium.

(b) What is an azeotrope? How azeotropes can be separated. [8+8]

6. Write Short Notes

(a) Multireaction Equilibrium

(b) Phase rule [8+8]

7. Discuss in detail about the Thermodynamic principles. [4+12]

8. How Degree of reduction of substrate,biomass and product can be calculated.

[5+5+6]

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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Explain the formulation of the first law of Thermodynamics and illustrate any two
examples. [8+8]

2. Write short notes: [4x4=16]

(a) Explain the Carnot refrigeration cycle.

(b) Write about the air refrigeration cycle.
(c) Compare the refrigeration cycles.
(d) Write about the choice of refrigerant.

3. (a) Write Clapeyron equation.

(b) Assume that the vapor phase is an ideal gas and that the molar volume of liquid
is negligible in comparison with that of the vapor and simplify the Clapey-
ron equation. Mention the limitations of the resulting Clausius/ Clapeyron
equation. [8+8]

4. (a) Write the defining equations for the property changes of mixing.
(b) The excess enthalpy for a liquid mixture of species 1 and 2 at fixed T and P
is represented by :
H E = x1 x2 (40x1 + 20x2 )
Where H E is in J mol−1 . Determine the expressions for the partial enthalpies
H1E and H2E as a function of x1 . [8+8]

5. Derive the Equation for bubble point. [4+12]

6. Explain relation of Equilibrium constants to Composition. [4+12]

7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product
formation in fermentation processes.
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4 +2NH3 + phenyl acetate → Pencillium G + CO2 +8H2 O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the
molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]

8. Discuss in detail about Elemental balance. [6+10]

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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. An insulated and non-conducting container filled with 20 lbM of water at 680 F is

fitted with a stirrer. The stirrer is made to turn by lowering a “weight” having
a mass of 50 lbM. The local acceleration of gravity is 32.00 ft/sec2 . The weight
slowly falls a distance of 30 ft while turning the stirrer. Assuming that all the work
done by gravity on the weight is transferred to the water, determine:

(a) The amount of work done on the water in foot - pounds force.
(b) The internal - energy change of the water in foot pounds force and in Btu
(c) Final temperature of the water in 0 F
(d) The amount of heat which must be removed from the water to return it to its
initial temperature [3+3+3+3]
(e) The total energy change of the universe because of
i. the process of lowering the weight,
ii. the process of cooling the water back to its initial temperature, and
iii. both of these processes taken together. [4]

2. Write short notes: [4x4=16]

(a) Explain the Carnot refrigeration cycle.

(b) Write about the air refrigeration cycle.
(c) Compare the refrigeration cycles.
(d) Write about the choice of refrigerant.

3. (a) Explain what is residual property and reason for the use of such properties.
(b) Making use of the fact that the equation dH = CP dt + [V − T (∂V /∂T )P ] dP
is an exact differential expression, show that : (∂CP /∂P )T = −T (∂ 2 V /∂T 2 )P
[8+8]

4. (a) Define chemical potential and write the general equation for Gibbs energy in
terms of temperature pressure and chemical potential.
(b) By definition, the partial molar volume is: Vi = [∂(nV)/∂ni ]P, T, nj . What
physical interpretation can be given to this equation? [8+8]

5. Discuss in detail about VLE from cubic Equations of state. [4+12]

6. Write Short Notes

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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 4
(a) Effect of temperature on the Equilibrium constant
(b) Equilibrium criteria [8+8]

7. Explain about yield factors. [16]

8. Estimate the heat of combustion of Pseudomonas fluorescens growing in glucose

medium. [4+12]

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