TD Lte

Greater insight. Greater confidence. Accelerate next-generation wireless.
Its Time for TD-LTE

Presented by: Bai Ying, Agilent Technologies
Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies
Agenda Today
TD-LTE background Worldwide rollouts for TD-LTE
Key players for TD-LTE industry

Technical differences between FDD and TDD
Hot topics in TD-LTE

Agilent solutions for TD-LTE and TD-LTE-A Wrap up
Greater insight. Greater confidence.

Accelerate next-generation wireless.
China Mobile and TD-LTE

For 2G, China Mobile was dominant, but is facing strong competition in 3G
China Mobile
No.of users GSM subscribers 600M TD-SCDMA subscribers 54M TD-LTE subscribers Opportunity
Market Share
73.9%
43%
Opportunity
China Mobiles Key Contributions for TD-LTE industry

In 2007, merged two TDD frame types into a unique one. In 2010, put dual layer beamforming in LTE release 9 standards
In 2011, began 6+1 mode trial network, cover 83M population, 10

infrastructure vendors and 6 chipset vendors.
In 2012, will begin per-commercial service
TDD Attracts Worldwide Attention

TDD spectrum has been cheaper than FDD
Source: Ovum
Indias BWA auction boosted the industrys interest in LTE TDD

Operators from Asia, Europe, North America, South America and Oceania have built up to 32 trial networks so far.
TD-LTE vs WiMAX
Change direction??
TD-LTE is from the 3GPP family WiMAX is TDD technology, it competes with TD-LTE directly WiMAX operators are switching to TD-LTE
Agenda Today



TD-LTE worldwide rollouts

Swedish carrier Hi3G has announced that the world's first commercial LTE FDD/TDD dual-mode network has gone live in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmo. Later, Hi3G is planning to extend the network to whole of Sweden. 7 cities trial network in China
Commercial Launch in Softbank Areo2 in Poland
Commercial launch in Mobily and STC (Saudi Arabia)
NBN in Australia, biggest TDLTE contract so far
33 trial networks 3 commercial network 6 commercial contracts 10+ planned operators

Agenda Today



TD-LTE Ecosystem

Agenda Today



Technical differences between FDD and TDD - Downlink

Can you tell who is who?
code words CRC
Channel Coding Rate Matching
CRC
Channel Coding
Rate Matching
code words
layers
antenna ports
Scrambling
Modulation mapper Layer mapper Precoding
Scrambling
Modulation mapper
TDD and FDD differences

Resource element mapper
antenna ports
IDFT
CP Insertion
Shaping
Resource element mapper
IDFT
CP Insertion
Shaping

LTE downlink signal generation process

Technical differences between FDD and TDD - Downlink

Frame Structure for LTE FDD
One radio frame, Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms One slot, Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 0.5 ms FDD: Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
#0
#1
#2
#3
#18
#19
One subframe Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9 TDD: Uplink and downlink are transmitted in the same spectrum
Frame Structure for TD-LTE

One radio frame, Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One slot, Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 0.5 ms
#0
#1
DwPTS GP UpPTS
#18
#19
One subframe Subframe 0 DL subframe
Subframe 1 Special subframe
Subframe 9 DL/UL subframe

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

5ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0, 5 and DwPTS for downlink, Subframe 2, 7 and UpPTS for uplink
10ms switch-point periodicity Subframe 0, 5,7-9 and DwPTS for downlink,Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
Configuration Switchpoint periodicity
0 1 2 3 4 5 5 ms 5 ms 5 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms
Subframe number
0 D D D D D D 1 S S S S S S 2 U U U U U U 3 U U D U U D 4 U D D U D D 5 D D D D D D 6 S S S D D D 7 U U U D D D 8 U U D D D D 9 U D D D D D
10 ms
D: downlink; U: uplink; S: special
Special Subframe
Special subframe configuration Normal cyclic prefix in downlink DwPTS UpPTS Normal Extended cyclic cyclic prefix prefix in uplink in uplink
6592 Ts 19760 Ts 21952 Ts 24144 Ts 26336 Ts 6592 Ts 19760 Ts 21952 Ts 24144 Ts 4384 Ts 5120 Ts 2192 Ts 2560 Ts
Extended cyclic prefix in downlink DwPTS UpPTS Normal Extended cyclic cyclic prefix in prefix in uplink uplink
7680 Ts 20480 Ts 23040 Ts 25600 Ts 7680 Ts 20480 Ts 23040 Ts 4384 Ts 5120 Ts 2192 Ts 2560 Ts
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Golden Rule: the total length for DwPTS+GP+UpPTS = 1ms
DwPTS: Downlink Pilot Signal GP: Guard Period UpPTS: Uplink Pilot Signal

Downlink FDD Resource Mapping ( Single Antenna Port )

NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP)
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 1slot = 15360 144 2048 (x Ts)
6
Ts = 1 / (15000x2048)=32.552nsec
Cyclic Prefix
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 slot
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P-SCH
S-SCH
PBCH PDCCH
Subframe 0
PDSCH Reference Signal
1 frame

Downlink TDD Resource Mapping ( Single Antenna Port )

160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP)

2048 144 2048
1slot = 15360
144
2048
(x Ts)
6
Ts = 1 / (15000x2048)=32.552nsec
0
Cyclic Prefix
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 slot
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Subframe 0
Subframe 1 (Special Field)
Subframe 2
Downlink P-SCH S-SCH PBCH PDCCH
Subframe 3
Uplink Reference Signal (Demodulation) PUSCH UpPTS
#0
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
PDSCH
Reference Signal Greater insight.
Greater confidence. Accelerate next-generation wireless.
Technical differences between FDD and TDD - PRACH

TDD only!
Format4 is only used in TD-LTE, and only when special subframe configurations with UpPTS lengths 4384 .Ts and 5120.Ts only.
PRACH format4
Technical differences between FDD and TDD - Sounding RS

In FDD, Sounding RS always transmitted in the first or last OFDMA symbol
In TDD, Sounding RS always transmitted in UpPTS of special subframe
Sounding RS is very important in TDD, especially for beamforming
Downlink Special Subframe Subframe
Uplink Subframe

Agenda Today



TD-LTE Hot Topic -Same Frequency Networking

Challenges for TD-LTE networking:
Limited frequency bands. Unlike FDD, TD-LTE usually works at 2.3G and 2.6GHz, not ideal for signal propagation. Same frequency interference, especially at the cell edge where the transmitting power is very high.
LTE TDD frequency bands
Uplink
33 1900MHz-1920MHz
Downlink
1900MHz-1920MHz
Mode
TDD
34
2010MHz-2025MHz
2010MHz-2025MHz
TDD
38
39 40
2570MHz-2620MHz
1880MHz-1920MHz 2300MHz-2400MHz
2570MHz-2620MHz
1880MHz-1920MHz 2300MHz-2400MHz
TDD
TDD TDD
TD-LTE Hot Topic -Same Frequency Networking

FFR (Fractional Frequency Reuse ) concept Basic idea is to adopt frequency multiplexing in the cell edge to avoid inter-cell inference. Full bandwidth usage around the center of eNB Fractional frequency reuse at the cell edge Significantly improve the cell edge UE coverage and user experience
Other technology is also used, such as

beamforming
TD-LTE Hot Topic-Beamforming

What is Beamforming ?
Used in radar, sonar, seismology, wireless communications, radio astronomy, acoustics Takes advantage of multi-antenna interference to control directionality of array transmission power Multi-antenna signals are weighted relatively in both magnitude and phase to produce spatial selectivity
Constructive (in-phase) interference power gain in desired directions

Destructive (out-of-phase) interference power nulling in other directions
0 deg Direction of Constructive Interference Gain -60 deg
-30 deg
+30 deg
Direction of Destructive Interference Nulling +60 deg

Antenna array geometry along with relative per antenna element mag/phase weightings determine constructive/destructive interference pattern -90 deg
||||
N Antenna Elements Correlated co-polarized 0.5 wavelength separation
+90 deg

Beamforming Advantages
Beamforming Gain (dB) improvement compared to omnidirectional or broadcast transmission/reception. Important metric to TD-LTE eNB customers Increase cell-edge throughputs Increase cell coverage Spatial Selectivity improvement Mitigate inter-cell interferences Mitigate inter-user interferences Improve spectrum efficiency (SDMA, Space Division Multiple Access)
eNB 1
UE1 Null Null UE2
eNB 2
UE1
eNB 1
UE2


Trans Mode Transmission scheme Per User Max Layer Release 8
1 1
Description
DCI format
TM1 TM2
SA Port 0 SISO/SIMO Tx Div
SIMO for receive diversity case Robust reception in low SINR Alamouti SFBC for 2 ant ports, SBFC / FSTD for 4 ant ports (NOTE: Also applied to all common control channels)
1 1
TM3
OL SU-MIMO
1-4
Maximise UE throughput in fast changing channel Pre-defined Codebook based precoding selection Fixed for 2Tx Ant, Cyclic for 4Tx Ant Large-delay CDD
Maximise UE throughput in slow changing channel Dynamic Codebook based precoding selection Maximise Cell Capacity (not a priority for initial deployments) Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) Targeted for Linear Antenna Array Allocate one layer per user, power offset indicated by PDCCH Maximise SINR at UE (for low speed UE case) Dynamic Single Layer Codebook based precoding selection Robust reception in low SINR, +interference null steering Single Layer Beamforming using antenna array Dynamic Non-codebook based precoding
2A
TM4
TM5
CL SU-MIMO
1-4
CL MU-MIMO
1D
TM6 TM7
CL Rank=1 SM (BF)
1B
Single Layer BF Port 5
Release 9
TM8
Single Layer BF Port 7 or 8 Dual Layer BF Port 7 and 8 (SU-MIMO or MU-MIMO)
1-2 for SU-MIMO 1 for MU-MIMO
Maximise UE throughput / Cell Capacity, + interference null steering Single or Dual Layer Beamforming using antenna array Dynamic Non-codebook based precoding Eigen-beamforming
2B
TM7 & TM8 Beamforming is current TD-LTE market focus
3GPP LTE transmission modes


Agilent TD-LTE beamforming measurement solution Provide 8-channel phase coherent measurement solution to enable verification and visualization of TD-LTE base station RF antenna beamforming signals.

8-Ch TD-LTE MIMO / Beamforming Test Setup

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
~0.5*lambda spacing (e.g. ~65mm)
+45 degree polarization = A1, A2, A3, A4 -45 degree polarization = A5, A6, A7, A8
UE1 UL Channel Emulator 2x8
Uplink feedback (SRS, CQI, PMI, RI)
eNB BB
eNB RRH
Ant 1 Ant 2 Ant 3 Ant 4 CAL Ant 5 Ant 6 Ant 7 Ant 8
~10dB
CAL Coupler
UE1 DL Channel Emulator 8x2
UE1
RF Splitter RF Circulator RF Atten

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
eNB BB
eNB RRH
~10dB
CAL Coupler
UE1
Customer problem, need to verify

eNB RF Antenna calibration performance + BB encoded beamforming weightings + Demodulate MIMO dual layer EVM


A1 A2 A3 A4
MXG (with Dig Mod Option)

A5 A6 A7 A8 or ESG-C Custom Real Time CAL REF SIGNAL INJECT POINT
eNB BB
eNB RRH
~10dB
CAL Coupler
UE1
Agilent 89600B VSA

~20dB
Agilent N7100 8-Chan Analyzer

8-Ch TD-LTE MIMO / Beamforming Result Demo
IQ Constelation per layer
8 Channel UE-specific Weights per layer / RB
Cell-RS Impairments/weights per antenna
EVM per layer
UE-specific & broadcast antenna patterns per layer / RB / ant group

Ant Group 0 pattern
8 Channel UE-specific RS Mag/Phase Weights per layer / RB
Ant Group 1 pattern

Cell-RS Broadcast Pattern
8 Channel Cell-RS MIMO Impairments
Cell-RS raw data used to derive Common Broadcast pattern


Antenna Pattern Format = IQ Polar
Antenna Pattern Format = LogMag (dB)
Can view Antenna Patterns in either IQ Polar to LogMag(dB) format
New Beamforming Gain trace Beamforming Gain trace displays dB difference between UE-specific pattern and Cell-RS broadcast pattern
Agenda Today



Agilent Solutions for TD-LTE

Signal Studio Signal Generators RDX for DigRF v4 RF and BB Design Integration L1/PHY DigRF v4 BTS or Mobile Systems for RF and N6070A LTE Protocol signaling Conformanc conformance e test solutions 8-ch N7109A LTE VSA SW
For SAs, Scopes, LA, SystemVue and ADS
Scopes and Logic Analyzers
ADS and SystemVue
PXB BB Tester
Spectrum Analyzers
with LTE Msmt Apps
Battery Drain Test Pre-Conformance
RF Module Development RF Proto RF Chip/module
Design Simulation
BTS and Mobile BB Chipset Development L1/PHY FPGA and ASIC Protocol Development L2/L3
System Design Validation System Level RF Testing
Conformance
Manufacturing
Network Deployment
N9912A RF Analyzer
E6621A PXT Communications Test Set
Cable antenna tester & Spectrum analyzer Greater insight.

Greater confidence. Accelerate next-generation wireless.
LTE-Advanced timeline
Agilent Introduces first LTE-Advanced Design Tools, Signal Generation and Analysis capabilities
ITU-R Submission Sept 2009 Agilent Introduces first LTE Design Tools First LTE Signal Generator Demonstrates first LTE signal analysis

Agilent Solutions for TD-LTE-Advanced

Signal Studio
Signal Generators ADS and SystemVue PXB BB Tester
LTE VSA SW
For SAs, Scopes, LA, SystemVue and ADS
8-ch N7109A
Spectrum Analyzers
RF Module Development
RF Proto RF Chip/module
RF and BB Design Integration L1/PHY

DigRF v4
Pre-Conformance System Design Validation System Level RF Testing
Design Simulation
BTS and Mobile BB Chipset Development L1/PHY FPGA and ASIC Protocol Development L2/L3
Conformance
Manufacturing
BTS or Mobile
Network Deployment
Greater insight. Greater confidence. Now in LTE-Advanced
Thanks!


TD Lte

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Greater insight. Greater confidence. Accelerate next-generation wireless.

Its Time for TD-LTE

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

Key players for TD-LTE industry

Hot topics in TD-LTE

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

China Mobile and TD-LTE

China Mobiles Key Contributions for TD-LTE industry

In 2011, began 6+1 mode trial network, cover 83M population, 10

In 2012, will begin per-commercial service

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

TDD Attracts Worldwide Attention

Indias BWA auction boosted the industrys interest in LTE TDD

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

Key players for TD-LTE industry

Hot topics in TD-LTE

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

TD-LTE worldwide rollouts

Commercial Launch in Softbank Areo2 in Poland

Commercial launch in Mobily and STC (Saudi Arabia)

NBN in Australia, biggest TDLTE contract so far

33 trial networks 3 commercial network 6 commercial contracts 10+ planned operators

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

Key players for TD-LTE industry

Hot topics in TD-LTE

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

Key players for TD-LTE industry

Hot topics in TD-LTE

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

Technical differences between FDD and TDD - Downlink

Modulation mapper Layer mapper Precoding

TDD and FDD differences

Resource element mapper

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

LTE downlink signal generation process

Technical differences between FDD and TDD - Downlink

Frame Structure for TD-LTE

One slot, Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 0.5 ms

One subframe Subframe 0 DL subframe

Subframe 1 Special subframe

Subframe 9 DL/UL subframe

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

TDD Downlink and Uplink Allocation

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

D: downlink; U: uplink; S: special

Accelerate next-generation wireless.

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

Golden Rule: the total length for DwPTS+GP+UpPTS = 1ms

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

Downlink FDD Resource Mapping ( Single Antenna Port )

PDSCH Reference Signal

Greater insight. Greater confidence.

Wireless Communications 2012 Agilent Technologies

Downlink TDD Resource Mapping ( Single Antenna Port )