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o)i*ation+re*uction reaction: a reaction in which one or more e!ectrons are trans(erre* (rom one atom to another,
Copyright - .//0.//0.//0.//0 Mr, 1ig!er, Permission is grante* to copy2 *istri ute an*/or mo*i(y this *ocument un*er the terms o( the 345 6ree Documentation 7icense2 8ersion 9,: or any !ater version pu !ishe* y the 6ree ;o(tware 6oun*ation< with no Invariant ;ections2 no 6ront+Cover =e)ts2 an* no 1ack+Cover =e)ts,
Chemistry I
Page 9 o( 9/
Chemistry I
Mr, 1ig!er
7"# the !ion says C3"RD >@DemocraticB mnemonic invo!ving en*angere* species?: 7"# stan*s (or @7oss o( "!ectrons is #)i*ationB an* 3"R stan*s (or @3ain o( "!ectrons is Re*uctionB #I7 RI3 >@Repu !icanB mnemonic invo!ving oi! companies?: #I7 stan*s (or @#)i*ation Invo!ves 7oss >o( e!ectrons?B2 an* RI3 stan*s (or @Re*uction Invo!ves 3ain >o( e!ectrons?,B
In a re*o) reaction2 at !east one e!ement is o)i*iAe*2 an* at !east one e!ement is re*uce*, An e!ement cannot e o)i*iAe* in a chemica! reaction un!ess some other e!ement is re*uce*2 an* vice+versa, >A(ter a!!2 the e!ectrons have to come (rom somewhere2 an* they have to go somewhere,? o)i*iAing agent >or @o)i*antB?: the compoun* or ion that causes something e!se to e o)i*iAe*, >=he o)i*iAing agent itse!( gets re*uce* in the reaction,? re*ucing agent >or @re*uctantB?: the compoun* or ion that causes something e!se to e re*uce*, >=he re*ucing agent itse!( gets o)i*iAe* in the reaction,? o)i*ation num er: the charge that an atom wou!* have in a compoun* i( a!! on*s were comp!ete!y ionic,
Chemistry I
Mr, 1ig!er
Chemistry I
Mr, 1ig!er
Chemistry I
Mr, 1ig!er
=o a!ance the e!ectrons2 we nee* to mu!tip!y the (irst ha!(+reaction y .2 an* the secon* one y :2 giving: . A!/ . A!:& & J e' : En.& & J e' : En/ I( we com ine these an* cance! the e!ectrons > ecause we have the same num er on oth si*es?2 we get the a!ance* net ionic equation: 5se this space (or a**itiona! notes,
Chemistry I
Mr, 1ig!er
ase
In some re*o) reactions that take p!ace in aci* or ase2 % & or #%' ions (rom the so!ution participate in the re*o) reaction, =his makes a!ancing them a !itt!e more comp!icate*, In these reactions2 in a**ition to a!ancing atoms an* e!ectrons2 we a!so nee* to a!ance the tota! positive an* negative charges on oth si*es2 using %& or #%' ions (rom the so!ution an* (orming %.#, In or*er to keep track o( everything2 I use the mnemonic A"I#5, A G Atoms, 1a!ance the atoms >e)cept (or % an* #? in each ha!(+reaction, E G Electrons, A** the e!ectrons gaine* or !ost to each ha!(+reaction, ! G !ons, A** %& >i( the reaction is in aci*? or #%' >i( the reaction is in ase? to a!ance the charges on each si*e o( each ha!(+reaction, O G Ox"gen & #"drogen, 1a!ance o)ygen an* hy*rogen in each ha!(+ reaction y a**ing %.# mo!ecu!es as nee*e*, U G Unite, 5nite the two ha!(+reactions y mu!tip!ying a!! coe((icients in each one y the (actor nee*e* to make the e!ectrons in one cance! the e!ectrons in the other, =hen cance! anything that appears on oth si*es to get the a!ance* net ionic equation,
Chemistry I
Mr, 1ig!er
Atoms in each ha!(+reaction: =he (irst ha!(+reaction is a!rea*y a!ance* (or ca!cium atoms, >LeD!! worry a out o)ygen !ater,? Ca/ Ca# Le nee* . Cr:& ions to a!ance the . Cr atoms in Cr.#K.': Cr.#K.' . Cr:& Electrons in each ha!(+reaction: Ca is eing o)i*iAe* (rom Ca/ to Ca&., =his pro*uces . e!ectrons: Ca/ Ca&.#'. & . e' Cr is eing re*uce* (rom Cr&J in Cr.#K.' to Cr:&, =his consumes : e!ectrons per Cr atom2 or J e!ectrons tota!:
Cr.+J#K .'
Chemistry I
Mr, 1ig!er
Chemistry I
Mr, 1ig!er
Chemistry I
Mr, 1ig!er