Study Guide for the shittiest most unnecessary class ever. Ch.

4 12 Aspects of Culturetools language customs and traditions arts and recreation objects used to improve the performance of a task the mental faculty or power of vocal communication the things we do

Art, Music, Dance, Drama, and Literature, Games and Sports, use of leisure time a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger the morals that we live by object made by human beings, either hand-made or mass-produced the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning the act of governing a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny clothing in general nutrition

shelter values artifacts knowledge government religion

clothes food

5 Aspects of Power Issues of power are enacted in classrooms. There are codes or rules for participating in power;

that is, there is a culture of power.

The rules of the culture of power are a rel ection of

the rules of the culture of those who have power. If you are not already a participant in the culture of

power, being told explicitly the rules of that culture makes acquiring power easier. Those with power are frequently least aware ofor

least willing to acknowledgeits existence. Those with less power are often most aware of its existence. --Lisa Delpit uses the debate over process-oriented versus skills-oriented writing instruction as the starting-off point to examine the culture of power that exists in society in general and in the educational environment in particular. She analyzes ve complex rules of power that explicitly and implicitly inuence the debate over meeting the educational needs of Black and poor students on all levels. --Others, looking for a point of stability in the ux of society, often become preoccupied with identifying a common particle or element, which can be found in every aspect of culture.

Ch. 5 McIntosh and Minnich

Racism and Prejudice --Peggy Mcintosh discovered her skin color has provided the following: It has given her great advantages over others It allows her to cash in on special privileges on a daily basis

Assisted her in accomplishing many goals It has assisted in building her self-esteem and self-identity Protected her against distress, hostility, and violence. --Elizabeth Minnich experiences consist of Whites being taught to think of their lives as: Morally neutral Normative and average Ideal "Privilege" seems to represent dominance due to one's gender or race "Unearned advantage" places more emphasis on social and economic class, race, religion, sex and ethnic identity. --Racial bonding Involves individuals of the same race taking a common stance on race related issues. Legitimatize interpretation of other groups Creating boundaries and making references consisting of "us" and "them" Whites typically do the following: Stick together on race relation issues Live among each other Socialize mainly with own group Consume White media Votes for Whites
Five Theories of Prejudice Forms: racial and cultural difference, economic competition, traumatic experience, frustrationaggression, and social control.

Criticism Based on Personality: The rst criticism is that the studies that created the base for this theory have, themselves, been criticized over time. Questions have been raised such as how the prejudiced people were selected for the studies, which judged them to be prejudiced, and how their characteristics were ascertained. Since the original studies have been questioned, the results of those studies must

also raise some concerns about their accuracy. Questions have arisen that ask whether this identication of a supposed set type of personality is a form of stereotyping. The second criticism is that this theory proposes a sort of free-oating feeling of prejudice, with the resulting aggression not really aimed at or focused on any specic target group. The idea behind this theory is that the prejudiced individual has such a feeling of frustration that he or she will lash out at any nearby or highly visible groups. But once again this theory cannot on its own explain prejudice entirely, for there is still the question of why one group becomes a target rather than another group. Ch. 6

Ethnic identity- Is a group of people whose members identity with each other through a common heritage. Assimilation- People who mix with the host culture to the extent they lose their identifying markers as a native culture. Acculturation- Adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group. When people feel part of a group it usually elicit a positive self-image. Members of a low SES group can improve their status by: Developing pride about one's group Reframing negative labels Stressing the uniqueness of one's group.

Marcia suggested that ethnic identity is formed by four statuses: 1. Identity Diffusion- When a person has not engaged in exploration or made a commitment The person does not care have no interest in anything. 2. Identity Foreclosure- A commitment is made without exploration (usually based on parental values). Committed to certain beliefs because of prominent people in their lives. 3. Moratorium- A person is in the process of exploration, but has not made a commitment.

Individuals do not feel settled/Not know what they want. 4. Identity Achievement- A person has made a firm commitment followed through a period of exploration. Helm's Five Stage model 1. Contact Stage There is no conscious thought given to one's race At this stage, individuals do not consider themselves to be prejudice and they are unaware of their own assumption about other racial groups. 2. Disintegration Stage Whites become aware of the extent racism has impacted their lives Racism can take on two forms: - Active form= This includes verbal harassment, physical violence and intentional acts of discrimination -Passive Form= Being silent when racist remarks are made around you. People tend to begin to address difficult feelings and want to take some type of action. In this stage, people begin to speak out against racism with family and friends, but fear being rejected by them. 3. Reintegration Stage In this stage, whites direct the issue back on the target population. If racism is not addressed openly then it is possible that people may get trapped/stuck in this stage. 4. Pseudo-Independent Stage Individuals at this stage deal with previous social pressure and begin to develop friendship with others who share an anti-racist perspective Forming friendship with others is healthy, but they still must confront their own race. 5. Immersion/Emersion At this stage, whites work hard in creating a positive self-image Individuals seek out resources of white role models to assist in this process. Feelings of shame shifts to pride and excitement.
Extra Credit: --the feeling that one belongs within the human circle, as Native Americans say, should not be seen as privilege for a few. Ideally it is an unearned entitlement. At present, since only a few

have it, it is an unearned advantage for them. This paper results from a process of coming to see that some of the power which I originally saw as attendant on being a human being in the U.S. consisted in unearned advantage and conferred dominance. Concepts of Prejudice: Racial and Cultural Difference Theory, Economic Competition Theory, Traumatic Experience Theory, Frustration-Aggression Theory, Social Control Theory Hate Crimes Stats: The statistics show that 38 percent of all hate crimes are targeted toward Blacks. The clear distinction based on race can be seen when Asians are the targets of 5 percent and Hispanics the targets of 3 percent of hate crimes. Another group that is very clearly the frequent target of hate crimes is based on sexual orientation; specically, 13 percent of hate crimes are aimed at homosexuals and bisexuals. And nally, another highly targeted group for hate crimes are individuals of the Jewish religion, with 12 percent of hate crimes aimed at antiJewish activity.