Globalisatio n

Learning to learn research essay-CA

emma rooney X00112195

Globalisation is a powerful worldwide force that has brought significant benefits to many peoples. Its benefits, however, have not been universally distributed.

Globalisation is the mix of markets, cultures, economies, industries and different policies all spread out around the world. It describes a process by which different countries, regions, societies, and cultures have ignored their borders and become integrated through a huge global web of trade, communication, immigration and transportation. In recent years, globalisation was mainly based around the economic half of the world, with factors like trade, foreign direct investment and international capital flows, but lately the term has evolved into a wider term and has expanded to include a broader range of areas and activities such as culture, media, technology, socio-cultural, political, and even biological factors, with issues such as climate change etc. Globalisation is very important in todays growing economy as it can increase growth by facilitating sourcing of raw materials efficiently, improving opportunities for both employment and businesses, expands the market and also offers affordable or low prices to a great target audience. ( exicon, n.d.!

Globalisation promotes huge benefits all over the world such as free trade, better movement of work and labour, more capital flows, huge growth to companies especially multinational companies, integration of global trade cycle, improved communication and also transport, which in turn greatly benefits all countries and regions as barriers in and out of these areas are reduced.

"o go into more detail, free trade has lowered prices for customer and consumers, provided a wider range of goods, bigger export markets and improved and greater competition. #ree movement of labour

migration has benefits for both workers and the receiving countries. abour migration also reduces geographical ine$uality. "his is especially evident in the %uropean
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&nion as many workers from the east have and continue to migrate to the west of %urope. #or example the &' had a shortage of nurses but thanks to improvements from globalisation, barriers have been reduced and many nurses from the #ar %ast have filled this shortage.

(lthough these are benefits they can cause strain on social services and housing to the receiving countries. Globalisation has also allowed increases in investments. It has made it much easier for regions and countries to make different investments both short term and long term. )ultinational companies which make investments can hugely improves developing countrys economies. (*ettinger, +,-+! (lthough there are many benefits of globalisation, these benefits have not been distributed e$ually around the globe. .o where has benefitted/ )ainly the developed countries such, as (merica and parts of 0estern %urope. "hey have benefitted from globali1ation because they can produce their products at lower cost in other developing countries such as 2hina and India, selling at higher developed country prices, thus increasing sales3profit margins. 4owever, although the distribution of these benefits of globalisation are not at all e$ual across the globe many developing countries still gain some benefits as they now have more manufacturing 5obs for people who did not have work opportunities in the past. "here are many negative and illegal effects of globalisation particularly in less developed countries. In order to reduce production costs some firms in developed countries outsource their manufacturing to third world or under developed countries such as India and 2hina where the cost of labour is lower than in developed countries. )any of these 5obs are in the area of customer service, especially in developing countries which have a large %nglish speaking population who are willing to work for lower wages. (lthough this is beneficial to companies, many consumers of these customer care services are not satisfied with the service they receive. )any find it hard to communicate their issues or $ueries to customer service agents with little understanding of the language and often seem to be reading from pre typed scripts rather than properly assessing the issue the customer has. Imbalance in globalisation has also lead to a growth in illegal child labour and slavery which is a serious issue to be tackled. (lthough it is hard to believe that child labour
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and slavery still occurs in +,-6 many of these activities which are illegal in developed countries still take place in undeveloped economies where there is an absence of labour protection laws. .ome companys exploit the situation where there is little or no accountability and employ underage children to work extremely long hours for very low wage. .ometimes government officials are bribed to turn a blind eye in order to facilitate the exploitation and increase in profits for companies without any increase or improvement in living conditions of their employees. (lthough globalisation has huge benefits these benefits are not yet e$ually distributed around the world. (7u11el! (n example of the in5ustice brought on by this une$ual distribution of beneficial globalisation is the 8estle case. (s it sources its cocoa from 0est (frica which is a very poor region. Its product are grown by 9,,,,,, farming families of whom most are extremely poor and are forced to employ their children to take up dangerous farm work and also many may have a house hold slave. "his was exposed in +,-and a bill was passed so that every chocolate product would have a label explaining it was :child labour free;. "his brought great hardship to the 8estle brand and they $uickly became looked down upon. In response to this 8estle knew they needed to change but werent sure how to manage the extra costs it would need. :8estle 2ocoa *lan; was then set up to ensure child labour would not be tolerated but the company outlined the steps needed for this to happen which included many factors such as raised pay for farmers so they may employ legal workers and not be forced to use their children and also education in these area needed to be improved so the children had a place to grow and develop and to have successful futures. "o regain their good name 8estle have also improved the lives of the farmers. "hey have given the workers new cocoa trees and are training them to improve their agriculture skills to improve profits. "his story is a prime example of how although globalisation can have huge benefits, when ethics are over looked to gain profit it can have huge negative impacts on the underdeveloped countries that dont receive a big amount of profit from the global economy. (higgins, +,-6! In conclusion, yes globalisation is a powerful worldwide force that has brought significant benefits too many but these benefits are not universally distributed due to
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the diversity between wealthy and poverty in many countries. "here are both pros and cons to globalisation and it is constantly evolving. "he pros are that living standards can be improved at a fast rate, productivity grows rapidly when countries can produce goods and services when they have a comparative advantage, inflation is likely to remain stable as global competition and cheap imports keeps prices steady and export 5obs are often better paid. 2ons include 5obs loss due to the import or production of things abroad in other countries and also due to competitive pressure. *ay cuts may occur and service 5obs are increasingly cheaper to employ in poorer countries which is extremely negative as it involves 5ob loss in the developed countries and very low pay in the under developed countries as well as poor working conditions.

7ibliography 4iggins, .. (+,-6, february +<!. Dancing with the devil: nestle chocolate and child labour. =etrieved from .cotthiggins.com> http>33scott5higgins.com3dancingwith-the-devil-nestle-chocolate-and-child-labour3 exicon.(n.d.!. Financial Times. =etrieved from exicon> http>33lexicon.ft.com3term/ term?globalisation Negative effects of globalisation. (n.d.!. =etrieved from 7u11le> http>33www.bu11le.com3articles3negative-effects-of-globali1ation.html *ettinger, ". (+,-+, november +@!. Economicshelp. =etrieved from http>33www.economicshelp.org3blog39-3trade3costs-and-benefits-ofglobalisation3