A classificationof the bird speciesof South America

The South American Classification Committee is an official committee of the American Ornithologists' Union whose mission is to create a standard classification, with English names, for the bird species of South America. This classification is subject to constant re ision b! the proposal s!stem to allow incorporation of new data. The SACC hopes to ha e this classification published as a printed document within a !ear or so. The classification below is a preliminar! and is li"el! to see man! changes through Committee action# therefore, be certain to cite it as $%ersion &date'.$ Suggested citation( )emsen, *. %., *r., C. +. Cadena, A. *aramillo, ,. -ores, *. .. /acheco, *. /0re12Em3n, ,. 4. )obbins, .. 5. Stiles, +. .. Stot1, and 6. *. 7immer. %ersion &date'. A classificationof the bird speciesof South America.AmericanOrnithologists'Union. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html This list is open to proposals for change from the ornithological communit! as a whole. /roposals for changes must be based on pre iousl! published data, information, or anal!ses. See /roposal )oster page for e8amples of pre ious proposals as well as commentar! from SACC members and others on each proposal submitted so far. Send proposals or comments on e8isting ones to )emsen. /roposals ma! be in English or Spanish 9we apologi1e that man! of us are not !et proficient in reading /ortuguese or .rench:. All aspects of the classification are subject to modification through the proposal s!stem 9species limits, boundaries of orders, families, and genera, linear se;uences, English names, etc.:. The footnotes are also ob iousl! preliminar! 9some are no more than reminders to oursel es:, in $wor"ing draft$ stage, inconsistent in st!le, and will be modified e8tensi el!# man! ha e !et to be added. &Errors in numbering them are fre;uent as we continue to add new notes.' The primar! goal is to pro ide references for all changes from ,e!er de Schauensee's 9<=>>, <=?@: foundational

classification, as well as the $/eters Chec"list$ series and the $Cor!2 Aellma!r$ series, so that the user can determine how and wh! 9if "nown: changes were made# citations to alternati e treatments are also pro ided. Also, the notes are intended to signal ph!logenetic relationships among ta8a that might not be e ident from the linear se;uence. The notes also indicate where SACC proposals for change ha e been acted upon 9inblue:, where SACC proposals are pending 9in magenta:, and where proposals are needed 9in red:. Bf !ou spot t!pographical errors, missing ta8a, or mista"es of an! "ind, please let )emsen "now. Bf !our research is not cited herein, it is unli"el! we are ignoring it 22 we just ha e not !et had time to incorporate it into the notes or proposals. Ta8onom!( The starting point for the classification was a pre2 publication draft of +ic"inson 9C@@D:# the published ersion differed in a few minor wa!s from the ersion used for the starting point 9as noted in the -otes sections below:. The classification herein consists mainl! of the ran"s Order, .amil!, 5enus, and Species. ,ost traditional subfamilies are omitted unless supported b! multiple independent data sets that mar" major, deep branches within a famil!. Subspecies are omitted for now# a future edition will also include the Subspecies ran" as designating diagnosable populations 9e;ui alent to ph!logenetic species sensu Cracraft: within ta8a accorded species ran", as well as s!nopses of distribution. Ee recogni1e the importance of this le el of classification for man! "inds of anal!ses but are unable to pro ide a comprehensi e e aluation of which currentl! recogni1ed subspecies represent alid ta8onomic units in terms of diagnosabilit!. See +ic"inson 9C@@D: for a preliminar! assessment of alid subspecies of South American birds, as well as arious olumes of the Handbook of the Birds of World 9F!n8 Edicions, 4arcelona:. 5eographical scope( The region co ered b! the list is( 9<: continental South America and all islands within <C@@ "m of its shores eastward into the Atlantic and westward into the /acific oceans 9including ,alpelo, the 5alapagos islands, San .eli8 and San Ambrosio, the *uan .ernande1 islands, .ernando de -oronha, Trindade, ,artin %a1, SGo /edro and SGo /aulo Archipelago, and the .al"landsH,al inas:# 9C: islands in the Caribbean Sea close to South America and not co ered b! the AOU Chec"list 9including

-etherlands Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago:# and 9D: waters within C@@ nautical miles of the coasts of these land areas, including the islands.

.or lists of species recorded from each countr! and territor! 9using SACC classification and criteria: within the SACC region , including downloadable EICEF file, clic" SACC Countr! Fists
Criteria for inclusion( a species is included on the list if the e idence for its occurrence in the area is supported b! tangible e idence that is a ailable for erification, namel! a museum specimen or an archi ed or published photograph, ideotape, or sound recording. The main list currentl! includes( D,DD? species 9D@== nati e breeding species, < of which is e8tinct# <J? nonbreeding residents# ?> agrants# <K established, introduced species:. Of these, <@L newl! disco ered species ha e been described since the publication of ,e!er de Schauensee's 9<=?@: classic compilation of the species of birds of South America 9i.e., at a rate of C.K species per !ear:. Species whose presence is supported onl! b! sight records, or b! unpublished or non2archi ed tangible e idence, are placed on the A!pothetical Fist. English names( The English names used b! SACC follow those in +ic"inson 9C@@D:, which in turn generall! followed those used b! ,e!er de Schauensee 9<=?@: and AOU 9<==L: for -ew Eorld species. Se eral, howe er, ha e been changed subse;uentl! from +ic"inson 9C@@D: through the proposal mechanism. Alternati e English names are gi en if the! ha e appeared in reference literature since ,e!er de Schauensee 9<=?@:. SACC follows the published guidelines for English names and their orthograph! as noted in AOU 9<=LD( 88i2 88ii: and references therein. .or SACC polic! on use diacritical mar"s 9accents, cedillas, tildes:, clic" here. .or comments on the contro ers! o er whether to h!phenate certain bird group2names, clic" here. The SACC is not in ol ed in producing a list of standardi1ed Spanish names. Clic" here for rationale. Aowe er, the SACC hopes

to produce Spanish and /ortuguese ersions of the -otes once the English ersion reaches the stage at which the classification is read! for publication as a printed document.

Current SACC membership M Carlos +aniel Cadena, Uni ersidad de los Andes Al aro *aramillo, San .rancisco 4a! 4ird Obser ator! ,anuel -ores, Centro de 7oologNa Aplicada, COrdoba *os0 .ernando /acheco, ComitP 4rasileiro de )egistros OrnitolOgicos *orge /0re12Em3n, Uni ersidad Central de %ene1uela *. %. )emsen, *r. 9Acting Chair:, ,useum of -atural Science, Fouisiana State Uni ersit! ,ar" 4. )obbins, ,useum of -atural Aistor!, Uni ersit! of 6ansas .. 5ar! Stiles, Uni ersidad -acional de Colombia +ouglas .. Stot1, .ield ,useum of -atural Aistor! 6e in *. 7immer, -atural Aistor! ,useum of Fos Angeles Count!

Technical Ad isor for A!brids and +ubious Ta8a( 5ar! ). 5ra es, -ational ,useum of -atural Aistor!, Smithsonian Bnstitution Technical Ad isor for %agrant and A!pothetical Species( ,ar" /earman, 4ird;uest Q A es ArgentinasHAsociaciOn OrnitolOgica del /lata Technical Ad isors(

Ste en F. Ailt!, %ictor Emanuel -ature Tours, Bnc., Q ,useum of -atural Aistor!, Uni ersit! of 6ansas )ichard O. /rum, Rale Uni ersit! Thomas S. Schulenberg, Cornell Faborator! of Ornitholog! 4ret ,. Ehitne!, .ield 5uides Q ,useum of -atural Science, Fouisiana State Uni ersit! +ata2base Ad isor( Ste e Olesen Editorial Ad isor( /aul Clapham /ast Committee ,embers( *os0 ,aria Cardoso da Sil a, Conser ation Bnternational 2 4rasil

http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html