Colonization = The spreading of a species into a new area.

It refers strictly to migration and the setip of colonies (people or otherwise) Colonialism The process of one human territory claiming sovereignti over another territory. Unequal relationships often occur between territories Metropole The economic and political center of an empire Periphery The rest of an empire outside of the metropole Mercantilism Economic concept that places control of foreign trade as central to ensuring prosperity and stability within a state. This was the dominant economic policy in Western Europe from 16th to 18th centuries. %he 4X strategy (Alan Emrich 1993) When it comes to colonizing, four words often come to mind: Explore colonizers often work to discover new areas Expand Colonizers often work to oxpand their territory Exploit Colonizers often work to take control of resources Exterminate Colonizers often work to get rid of competition

Imperialism The policy of extending rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries. ,You are not an empire unless you have taken over other countries. Colonies are countries or territories that have been conquered and new government has been established with rulers from the conquering country. The conquered country does not maintain sovereignty. Sovereignty is ruling. Or in tis case ruling yourself. The people of the colony lose their own government and are subjected to the whims of the government that conquered them. Early empires: Egypt Egypt thrives through geographic isolation and trade. Geographic Advantage: Mediterranean Sea used as a barrier, a fishing source and an effective trade route Forms around the Nile River The Nile is the source for the agriculture. It flows regularly unlike the Mesopotamian rivers so its specifically Agriculture and water is key to forming any kingdom The Sahara Desert and the Ocean 3000-30 B.C. Persia

Founded by Cyrus the Great Used peoples dissatisfaction with their former rulers to conquer Creates a more gentle empire than those that he replaced Sentences people who were conquered to go back so that theyre happy If they are happy, he is able to establish a prosperous empire Cyrus successfully rules over a number of vassal states by actively working to fix some of the problems that they had with their former rulers

Rome Rome was the height of Western Civilization for about a thousand years Beginning in Italy this empire would rule the trade in the Mediterranean Sea and expand into Europe, Africa and Asia Rome ruled through warfare but also developed civilization, art, architecture and infrastructure (roads) it left a legacy today of a beautiful city Has organized roads, ancient temples, aqueducts It was able to stabilize and rule a huge empire spanning many conquered kingdoms Pac Romana or Roman Peace was a period of great tranquility and a flourishing of the arts under the protection of the Roman Empire It stretches out to Great Britain, France, Spain, many of Europe and many of the Middle East Since its so big, they had trouble fighting wars from different corners of the empire To solve this, they split the empire into two: 2 and Eastern Rome Multiple people fought for the throne, so those who win will be emperor and who lose will die. The Mongols The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan swept through the world during the 13th century and conquered a HUGE portion of it They rules through fear and military prowess The highest point of culture of the Mongol Empire would be the Yuan Dynasty in China The Mongol conquests are what is known as a watershed moment in history Connected a large portion of Eurasia (allowed European ideas). They brought the black plague. A history class would split the lesson to two, before and after the 1300s In the span of 700 years, technology Watershed: An important point of division or transition between two phases, conditions, etc. The Mongol invasions and conquests shatter the old order of the world and out of the ashes a new world rises. Two things related to the Mongols The Black Plague travels with the Mongols and along the trade routes that they establish and devastates the world in their wake The Great Wall of China is built to protect China from invaders like the Mongols. But it failed. A Vassal Sate: one which has been conquered by another, more powerful country and is subservient to that country. The difference between a vassal and a colony is that in a Vassal kingdom the weaker kingdoms government remains in place to serve the stronger kingdom.

Byzantium Empire
- The Eastern Roman empire lasted for 1000 years after Rome falls. It is heavily influenced by the Greeks and Turks. This influence can be seen in its art and architecture. - In circa 450 A.D., Rome Falls (Western half of the empire falls; the Eastern Empire prevails). Why did Byzantium prevail for 1000 years after the Western Roman Empire? Geography Location is key. Constantinople sits right on the cross road of the Bosporus River. It separates Asia and Europe, with the river extending to the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. - Its capital of Constantinople (present day Istanbul) is one of the great cities of the world - The Byzantine Empire is a Christian empire. Fusion of Christian, Turkish, and Greek influence on art and architecture -