Cricket Umpiring

Cricket Umpiring
Training Officers Companion

Level 3
Incorporating the MCC Laws of Cricket 2000 code - 4th edition 2010
Cricket Umpiring
Training Officers Companion
Level 3
Published by
in association with the
2010 NZC-NZCUSA
Published by New Zealand Cricket (Inc) and the New Zealand Cricket Umpires & Scorers Association. The books available include: An introduction to umpiring Cricket Umpiring Getting started The Player Umpires Companion The Umpires Companion Cricket Scoring the basics Cricket Scoring Getting started The Scorers Companion The Turf Managers Companion
The Laws of Cricket 2000 code 4thedition 2010

These items are available from NZCUSA Regional Training Officers Some of the above and other items may be downloaded from the NZC Web-site www.blackcaps.co.nz/content/grassroots/umpires-and-scorers/default.aspx
The New Zealand Cricket Umpires & Scorers Association is dedicated to the training of and assisting umpires, scorers and turf managers to become the best they can be. As we study and practice to reach our full potential and by taking the time to learn the Laws, our pleasures help create the history of the game that benefits players, coaches and spectators alike. The type of people we seek as members, are compassionate, dedicated and level-headed, willing to put in that effort. Only through dedication to one's vocation, can anyone expect to achieve the recognition they deserve. If our resources provide that, then your time spent in study can never be considered wasted. New Zealand Cricket and the Board of the New Zealand Cricket Umpires & Scorers Association, acknowledges and thanks Graeme Lowrie of Timaru for his dedication over many years producing the training resources that makes New Zealand a world leader in the field.
National Umpire Manager New Zealand Cricket
All correspondence should be addressed to: The Secretary New Zealand Cricket Umpires & Scorers Association nzcusa@nzcricket.org.nz
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The NZC NZCUSA Umpire training resources

This book
This Level 3 book has been designed to be printed A4. It is intended for trainers only; not for those attending the training sessions; other books detailed herein fill that need.
The purpose
The purpose of this training regime is three-fold. 1. To develop a better understating of the laws by all cricketers and coaches etc. 2. To demonstrate the alternatives to playing available; to become an umpire or scorer. 3. To provide a training of umpires in New Zealand and within our region.
Using this manual

Please preview this manual prior to taking any course, then make your own notes as you see fit. To assist when planning the presentation sessions, a bracketed suffix denotes the number of slides in that module, thus giving guidance on timing. Trainers are encouraged to add their own comments, rather than just read aloud the displayed words.
PowerPoint modules
The respective PowerPoint modules should be downloaded onto a computer making for easier access and display. The site also contains an extensive range of cards, papers and wall posters. These PowerPoints may be used on any computer using Windows XP or later. For those who do not have PowerPoint installed, Microsoft offers a free download of PowerPoint Viewer 2010, being the latest option. A data projector will be required for group sessions. Transition from slide to slide and from line to line in those slides can be made using the mouse by pressings the mouse key or, by rolling the mouse scroll wheel, or using the keyboard space-bar or, the up & down arrows. It will be noticed that some slides shown herein have overlays, thus reducing their readability. Do not use undue haste when traversing these modules; as many have timed components; taking a little more time also permits those taking part to take in the content, and to discuss the points raised.
Examinations & Certificates

The examinations at this level are conducted as required by local umpire & scorers associations following the Examination Regulations of the NZCUSA. Certificates are awarded by the Secretary the association to be presented at an appropriate occasion.
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Levels of umpires
LEVEL 0: Is an introduction only and is targeted to all considering becoming an umpire, irrespective of their previous experience. LEVEL 1: Any person who has sat and passed the NZCUSA Level 1 examination. This oral or written examination may be taken after attending the two-module course. This course is intended to be conducted in a class environment. At the conclusion of the examination and with an 80% pass mark, a certificate should be issued to the successful candidates. This level is targeted to Junior school cricketers (up to 12 years of age), their parents and coaches etc. LEVEL 2: Any person who has sat and passed the NZCUSA Level 2 examination. This oral or written examination may be taken after attending the three-module course. This course is intended to be conducted in a class environment. At the conclusion of that examination and with an 80% pass mark, a certificate should be issued to the successful candidates. This level is targeted to senior school and club cricketers, and their coaches etc. Dependant on experience, the local umpire association may exempt a participant; however it is desirable for all intending umpires to attend this course as it includes some basic material not present in Level 3 modules. LEVEL 3: An umpire who has sat and passed the NZCUSA Level 3 examination. Any person passing the Level 2 examination is eligible to attend the Level 3 modules and attempt the examination. Individuals seeking confirmation of their ability may take this examination, preferably after at least one seasons umpiring experience. Candidates may take this oral or written one-hour examination after attending the 9-module course. The examination is in two parts. 100 marks are available; 80 marks attained across both parts represent an examination pass. Part 1: is on the Laws of Cricket together with any amendments and/or experimental Laws and the most recent edition of The Umpires Companion as detailed in the syllabus; this part represents 80 marks of the total available. Part 2: is on the local playing conditions as set by the examination committee and represents the remaining 20 marks available. LEVEL 4: An umpire who has sat and passed the NZCUSA Level 4 examination. Before being eligible to sit this examination, candidates must have passed the Level 3 examination and have an established history of umpiring for at least two seasons, officiating at senior club level or higher, with colleagues who have attained this qualification. Candidates may sit this examination after attending the 9-module course. The examination is in two parts; an 80% pass mark is required in each. Part 1: An oral one-hour examination on the MCC Laws of Cricket together with any amendments and/or experimental Laws and the most recent edition of The Umpires Companion plus the current NZC playing conditions. Part 2: A written two-hour examination on the above publications. A failure in Part 2 disqualifies a pass of Part 1. Having passed this examination and with satisfactory Captains reports, umpires become eligible for selection to officiate in matches under the jurisdiction of the New Zealand Cricket. It is hoped, in time, that these qualifications will be adopted by the New Zealand NCEA.
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The PowerPoint Shows for this level are targeted to those who seek to be recognised as competent umpires The books used are:
Both of the above are available to all New Zealand umpires from their respective Umpire & Scorer associations Training Officer. The booklet (above right) may also be purchased from the MCC.
The booklet (right) is also offered to NZ umpires & scorers and may be downloaded from the NZC website. It is designed to be printed A5 by photocopier.
Level 3
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Level3umpire
Syllabus
Requiredstudy: The Umpires Companion Cricket Scoring Getting started The MCC Laws of Cricket 2000 code 4th edition 2010 ThesyllabuscomprisestheLawsofCrickettogetherwithanyamendmentsand/or experimentalLaws;andthemostrecenteditionof The Umpires Companion. Competency: AtLevel3umpiresareexpectedtobecompetenttoofficiateinfirstgradeSeniorclub cricket. InadditiontothedetailscontainedforLevel2,umpiresatthislevelshouldknow: Allmethodsofdismissal;Laws30 39 HowabatsmancanbedismissedoffaNoballorWide Howrunscanbescoredwhenabatsmanisdismissed Howasubstitutecancauseadismissalandhowandifanyrunscanbescored Whatoccursifabatsmanretiresandthecircumstancesthatmaypermithimtoresume hisinnings Umpiresshouldalsoknow: Howtopresentthemselvesandassumetheresponsibilitiesofanumpire Theirresponsibilitiestomatchauthorities,thegroundsman,theirumpiringcolleagueand tothescorers Howandwhentocommunicatetotheirumpiringcolleague Howandwhentocommunicatetothescorersandtowaitforacknowledgementofeach separatesignal Whatconstitutesacompletedinnings Whatisrequiredifmistakesinscoringoccur Howaresultcanbeachieved TheReportingprocedures Howandwhentoawardamatchtothenonoffendingside HowandwhenPenaltyrunsmaybeawardedforanoffencebyeitherside Eligibility: Beforebeingeligibletositthisexamination,candidatesmusthaveahistoryofumpiringat clublevelforatleastoneseason. Examinationisintwoparts: Thismaybetakenasanoralorwrittenexaminationasdetailedbelow. RecognisingthateachassociationhasitsownPlayingConditions,thisexaminationhas twocomponentparts: Part1:NZCUSAcomponent:.......64marksrequiredoutoftheavailable80marks. Part2:Localcomponent:.............16marksrequiredoutoftheavailable20marks. Candidatesmustachieveaminimumof80%ofthemarksacrossbothcomponentsto achieveapassmark.
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Level3umpiresyllabus NZCUSAcomponent
Module 1 (57 slides) Pre-Law Spirit/Conduct/Qualities/Dress/Equipment Law 3 The umpires 1 7 & 10 - 15 4 The scorers 1 3 (all) 42 Fair and unfair play 2 27 Appeals 1 9 (all) Module 2 (48 slides) Law 7 The pitch 1 5 (all) 9 The creases 1 4 (all) 3 The umpires 8&9 10 Preparation and maintenance of playing area 1 8 (all) 11 Covering the pitch 1 4 (all) 17 Practice on the field 1 & 2 (all) 41 The fielder 6 42 Fair and unfair play 11 - 14 Module 3 (83 slides) Law 5 The ball 20 Lost-ball 22 The over 24 No-ball 23 Dead-ball 25 Wide-ball 33 Handled-the-ball 34 Hit-the-ball-twice 42 Fair and unfair play Module 4 (80 slides) Law 1 The players 2 Substitutes and Runners 40 The wicket-keeper 41 The fielder 42 Fair and unfair play 31 Timed-out 21 The result 37 Obstructing-the-field 18 Scoring runs Module 5 Law 6 18 21 13 19 32 26 41 42 Module 6 Law 8 28 29 31 35 38 18 24 42 39 (83 slides) The bat Scoring runs The result The follow-on Boundaries Caught Byes and Leg-byes The fielder Fair and unfair play (58 slides) The wicket The wicket is down Batsman out of his ground Bowled Hit-wicket Run-out Runs scored No-ball Fair and unfair play Stumped 1 8 (all) 1 12 (all) 1 10 (all) 1 3 (all) 1 6 (all) 1 5 (all) 1 3 (all) 4 17
15 1 4 (all) 15 1 3 & 6 15 1 5 (all) 1 8 (all) 1 4 (all) 1 6 (all) 3, 6 8 & 17
13&5 1 4 (all) 1 3 (all) 1 & 2 (all) 1 & 2 (all) 1 5 (all) 10 4 15 & 16 1 3 (all)
Module 7 (56 slides) Law 9 The creases 24 No-ball the feet - Mode 36 L B W Module 8 Law 12 14 15 16 (50 slides) The innings Declarations and Forfeitures Intervals Start / Cessation of play
1 4 (all) 1&5 1 3 (all)
1 4 (all) 1 10 (all) 1 6 (all) 13& 5-8 1, 4 & 5, 9 & 10, 18 1 & 2 (all) 3 1 6 (all) 10
1 5 (all) 1 3 (all) 1 11 (all) 1 11 (all)
Module 9 (42 slides) Post-Law Umpires duties & obligations The reporting procedures Penalty runs procedures etc Code of Conduct reports Match reports
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Cricket Umpiring
Levels Modules
Module 3.1
Welcome
By necessity, some matters covered in Level 2 are repeated here but this is not always the case Dependant on the individuals experience this may not be necessary
As you progress through this nine-module course you will find issues raised in one module will be repeated in another This is because many components of the Laws are interrelated
Welcome
In the first modules of Level 2 we started on the path leading here
Here at Level 3 you will start developing your knowledge further to meet the requirements of New Zealand Cricket and of the New Zealand Cricket Umpires & Scorers Association At the conclusion of this course you will have gone a long way in proving yourself as a knowledgeable umpire Knowledge is but one component to be a complete umpire Another is .... Getting it right on the field-of-play that can only come about with constant practice
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Level 3
An umpire at this level has sat and passed the Level 3 examinations of the New Zealand Cricket Umpires & Scorers Association Individuals seeking confirmation of their ability may take this examination after one season of umpiring and after completing this nine-module course The Level 3 examinations is conducted when required by the respective local association
An 80% pass mark is required
Level 3
This examination is in two parts Part 1 is on the Laws of Cricket as found in The Umpires Companion and represents 80% of the possible marks Part 2 is a Local component and represents the remaining 20% of the possible marks
Part 1 is set by the New Zealand Cricket Umpires & Scorers Association Part 2 is set by the respective local umpire & scorer association
Required study
The Umpires Companion Cricket Scoring Getting started
The Laws of Cricket 2000 code 4th edition 2010 Your local published playing conditions
Copies of these will be made available to you
Competency
At this level umpires are expected to be competent to officiate in first-grade club matches
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Umpires should know

In addition to the details contained in Level 2 umpires at Level 3 should know
All the methods of dismissal Laws 30 - 39 How a batsman can be dismissed off a No-ball or Wide How runs can be scored when a batsman is dismissed How a substitute can cause a dismissal and how & if any runs can be scored What occurs if a batsman retires and the circumstances that may permit him to resume his innings
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Umpires should also know

How to present themselves and assume the responsibilities of an umpire Their responsibilities to match authorities, the groundsman, their umpiring colleagues, and the scorers How and when to communicate to their colleague How and when to communicate to the scorers and to wait for acknowledgement of each separate signal What constitutes a complete innings What is required if a mistake in scoring occurs How a result can be achieved The reporting procedures How & when to award a match to the non-offending side
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Details of the Level 3 syllabus and modules may be found in The Umpires Companion
How penalty runs may be awarded to one side for an offence committed by the other
The Umpires Companion

This book should be your umpiring bible
It contains the interpretations of the Laws using easy to follow language and all the relevant information necessary to pass in the Level 3 examination This book and the others you will receive should not be taken onto the field-of-play They should be kept in your off-field kit for reference when and if required during intervals
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Communication
involves at least two people
The completed score-sheet for others to study is but one method
Another involves talking and listening to others

Often overlooked is the art of listening and of understanding
On many occasions this may not present a problem but

we should all be aware that some folk are not so fortunate having hearing and / or speech problems
If you are aware of these potential issues life can become so much simpler
This module
In this module we will review aspects of ...
The Spirit of Cricket An umpires equipment and matters in ... Law 3 Law 4 Law 42 Law 27 The umpires The scorers Fair & unfair play Appeals
The Spirit of Cricket

At first reading of the Spirit of Cricket one could easily gain the impression that it has been written solely for players
Clearly this is not so ... As we shall see it is equally important for umpires too Umpires are the guardians of the Spirit alongside the captains
The Spirit of Cricket is compulsory reading

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The Spirit details and defines 1. The responsibilities of captains and player conduct

4. Respect for
- ones opponents
2. Fair and unfair play 3. Umpire intervention
- the captain & team mates - the role of the umpires - and the games traditional values
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A quaint and often forgotten courtesy is worth considering ... Gentlemen remove their hats when shaking hands Particularly those of women

5. Against the Spirit of the game to
- dispute an umpires decision, or - direct abusive language towards an - opponent or an - umpire - indulge in cheating or any sharp practice - appeal knowing the batsman is not out - advance aggressively towards an umpire when appealing - seek to distract an opponent
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6. Violence
THERE IS NO PLACE FOR VIOLENCE OF ANY SORT
7. Players
- the umpires - the captains and - the players
all set the tone for the conduct of the game

As umpires you must only intervene when called upon either on Appeal or when the Laws require
Always remember the order of the first four laws Law 1 deals with the players Law 2 deals with substitutes & runners Law 3 deals with the umpires Law 4 deals with the scorers Clearly we are being told that cricket is a game first & foremost for players
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Law 3 The umpires

Appointment of umpires
Two umpires must be appointed before the toss One for each end - not one for each team They must report to the ground no later than 45 minutes before the scheduled time to start play
The umpires pre-match duties are detailed in the Level 2 modules

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and then for the umpires
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Law 3 The umpires

Changing an umpire
An umpire cannot be changed during game except in cases of illness, injury or exceptional circumstances The replacement umpire must stand at the
A bowlers spell
is that period of time during which he bowls continuously from one end
If he decides to change ends his spell is deemed continuous if he bowls from the other end at the next over available to him that is - two overs later Should there be an interval or interruption disrupting his spell his spell is deemed continuous The minutes of a spell is not counted during an interruption or interval Should a Follow-on or Forfeiture apply - his spell is not continuous
Gove rning bodie s may limit spe lls in some compe titions O the r re strictions may apply to young bowle rs limiting the m to a numbe r of ove rs in a spe ll and prohibiting them from bowling again for a pre de te rmined time 20 or for a numbe r of ove rs
STRIKERS END
unless BOTH captains agree otherwise
This provision may be negated by the playing conditions
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Umpires to agree with the captains

BEFORE the toss umpires and captains must agree ...
On the hours of play The times & duration of meal intervals The times of drinks intervals The balls to be used & when or if a new ball may be taken The boundary markings & allowances
These provisions may be detailed in the playing conditions
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Umpires to agree with the captains

BEFORE the toss umpires and captains will agree
- on any special playing conditions - any bowling or fielding restrictions - any local customs boundaries, trees etc - and clarify the competition regulations
Umpires to inform the captains

BEFORE the toss umpires will agree and inform both captains of
The master clock or watch to be used
The umpires watches MUST be synchronised with the master time-piece
Umpires to inform the captains
Which shall be the back-up time-piece Any special provisions for obstacles within the field-of-play
i.e. the boundary allowance if the ball makes contact with that obstacle Local provisions shall apply The boundary line
At least one umpire must then supervise the toss

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The winner must immediately advise his opponent of his choice to bat or bowl
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Obstacles within the boundary
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Umpires to be advised of
BEFORE the toss umpires should
Be advised which pitch is to be used Be given the nominations for each team including the age group if applicable
Umpires discussions with the scorers

The umpires should advise the scorers ...
The outcome of the toss Which master clock/watch is to be used
The scorers watches should be synchronised with the master time-piece
If necessary the umpires must instruct the winner of the toss to immediately inform his opponent of his choice to bat or bowl
The umpires should then advise the scorers
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Which is the back-up timepiece The hours of play The times & duration of meal intervals The times of drinks intervals

BEFORE the toss the umpires must inform the scorers of
Details of balls to be used & when or if a new ball may be taken Boundary markings & allowances Obstacles within the field of play and the allowances applicable Any special playing conditions
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Additional points to cover with the scorers Display of the score the wickets the overs
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Updating the score-board

It is NOT the scorers duty to update the score-board
With members of the batting side available it is not unreasonable to expect them to fulfill this duty The scorers are there to score However, they should be able to ensure the score-board is updated at least at the end of every over
Other issues to be clarified with the scorers

Where they are going to sit Their acknowledgement method of all your signals
Each separate signal to be acknowledged
The Last-hour signal - if appropriate The result of the toss & who is batting/bowling The umpires must endeavour to clarify as many issues as possible BEFORE play starts
Being responsible for the score the umpires must ...

Keep an over-view of the progress of the score-board and - if necessary, require it to be kept up-to-date
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Law 4 - The scorers

The scorers must record
All runs scored All wickets taken and when appropriate All overs bowled
Umpire duties Bowlers end

He calls PLAY ...
at the start of each innings at the start of each days play when play restarts after every interval or interruption
He calls OVER ...

when the ball becomes dead after 6 balls legitimate balls have been bowled
During every interval & at the end of the match, scorers must confirm with the umpires
The runs scored The wickets taken The overs bowled
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He calls & signals LAST-HOUR to the scorers ...

when the last hour of play is about to start
He calls TIME - and the bails are lifted ...

at the start of every interval or interruption at the end of the days play
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Scorers must acknowledge each SEPARATE signal
at the end of an innings and at the end of the match

Calls & signals ...
NO-BALL WIDE-ball SHORT-RUN/s DEAD-BALL

Answers all appeals for
Bowled Caught LB W Run-out at the bowlers end Handled the ball Obstructing the field Hit the ball twice Timed-out With the sole exception of Out he repeats all signals to the scorers If SHORT RUNS occur he re-signals the scorers 34 advising them of the number of runs to be scored
Calls without signals ...

NOT-OUT OVER TIME
Signals only ...

Byes Leg-byes Boundaries Penalty runs
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Out

He watches for Unfair Play - The Spirit of Cricket He issues Cautions and Final warnings etc He watches close fielders for pitch encroachment Law 42 Law 42 Law 41
Umpire duties Strikers end

He counts the balls in the over ...
and confirms the count with his colleague
He calls & signals

NO-BALL/s within his jurisdiction DEAD-BALL when required SHORT-RUN/s at his end
He gives consent for players to re-enter field of play Law 2 He keeps a check on the correctness of the score He periodically inspects the condition of the ball Law 4 Law 42
He keeps an over-view of the score-board He assists & supports his colleague all times
When the ball is dead with the exception of Out, the bowlers end umpire 36 must repeat all signals to the scorers
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He answers appeals for
Run-out at his end

He must watch for ...
the fairness of bowlers delivery arm action the position of batsmen when they are running Law 24 Law 38
Stumped
At his end he must watch for ...

the number of leg-side fielders behind popping crease Law 41 the wicket-keeper for encroachment Law 40
Hit-wicket
any short runs - deliberate or otherwise Law 38 any forms of unfair play Spirit of Cricket & Law 42
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Umpire duties Both umpires

The umpires must satisfy themselves of the correctness of the score
This means they must keep an over-view of the score-board At all intervals when they leave the field-of-play and at the end of match the umpires must check with scorers The runs scored The wickets fallen The number of overs bowled and Resolve any outstanding issues i.e. the methods of dismissal etc
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Umpire CALL & signal

Some signals are made with a CALL
The first CALL and signal is made for the players benefit
A pre-signal assists the scorers
Then when the ball becomes dead ...

that signal must be repeated to the scorers by the bowlers end umpire together with any others that may be required
Umpire CALL & signal

If CAPITALISED the signals are made with a call
NO-BALL WIDE in-play or dead in-play or dead either umpire bowlers end umpire either umpire
Umpire signals no call

Some signals are made without a call
These may be made only when the ball is dead Bye bowlers end umpire Leg-bye bowlers end umpire Boundary 4 or 6 bowlers end umpire LAST-HOUR bowlers end umpire NEW-BALL bowlers end umpire PENALTY RUNS bowlers end umpire
Those capitalised here need not be made with a call however it helps if the players hear them when the signal is made
DEAD-BALL in-play or dead
This call & signal may be made only when the ball is dead SHORT-RUN/s either umpire
The only signal that does not require an acknowledgement is when a batsman is dismissed If a batsman is Not-out then only a call is required
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NOT-OUT
42
The scorers must acknowledge each separate signal directed to them
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Order of signals
On occasions umpires are required to make more than one signal to the scorers
The correct order is
1 Penalty runs 2 Short-runs 3 Bowling extras 4 Fielding extras 5 Boundaries these are always signalled first indicating the number of runs TO to be scored No-ball or Wide Bye or Leg-bye Boundary 4 or Boundary 6
The start or re-start of PLAY

The bowlers end umpire must signal to the scorers with a wave when play is about to start
at the start of every innings PLAY
after an interval or interruption to play including drinks He must then call
Umpires must wait until each separate signal is acknowledged before making the next signal If a doubt exists whether the scorers have correctly recorded the signals re-signal or the nearest umpire should inform them verbally
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NO-BALL
This signal must first be made with a CALL This signal must be repeated to the scorers when the ball is dead Only after the scorers have acknowledged this signal may play resume
This call & signal may be made by either umpire acting within his jurisdiction but must be confirmed 45 by the bowlers end umpire NO-BALL
WIDE-ball
This signal must first be made with a CALL This signal must be repeated to the scorers when the ball is dead Only after the scorers have acknowledged this signal may play resume
Only the bowlers end umpire can make this call & signal and only after the ball has passed the strikers wicket WIDE
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SHORT-RUN/s
This signal must first be made with a CALL This signal must be repeated to the scorers by that umpire when the ball is dead Only after the scorers have acknowledged this signal may play resume
SHORT-RUN
DEAD-BALL
This signal must first be made with a CALL
DEAD-BALL
This signal must be repeated to the scorers by that umpire when the ball is dead Only after the scorers have acknowledged this signal may play resume
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Either umpire can make this call & signal when the ball is dead for any short runs at his end
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However the bowlers end umpire must confirm the signal indicating the number of runs TO be scored
Either umpire can make this call & signal acting within his jurisdiction
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Law 27 - Appeals
An umpire can only dismiss a batsman on Appeal
A batsman is allowed to walk that dismissal stands even though no appeal is made
e.g. there has been a fine edge to the wicket-keeper
Appeals
During play an appeal is only valid if it is made before
the bowler starts his run up (or delivery action) for the next delivery The call of OVER does not invalidate an appeal
All appeals must be considered and answered
If batsman leaves his wicket under a misapprehension that he is out

e.g. the batsman walks after a NO-BALL
the umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL

to prevent any further action by fielding side
An appeal made after the call of TIME is invalid

Such an appeal does not have to be considered or answered
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and recall the batsman to the crease

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Appeals
Hows That ? (or an equivalent) covers all appeals
An Appeal is deemed to be directed at both umpires There is no provision for specific appeals
The fielding side cannot choose who they want out The umpires must decide on what happened first
Appeals
The umpires are required to consult if there is any doubt on a point of fact
i.e. did the ball carry to the fielder ?
A decision to dismiss can only be made by the umpire authorised to do so

Only the authorised umpire can initiate such consultations Consultation may be by discreet signals or conversation If the umpires require to converse that umpire must call & signal
A subsequent appeal for another type of dismissal is permitted - but should not be necessary
i.e. a ball caught by wicket-keeper who then stumps the striker If the catch is turned down by the bowlers end umpire the appeal for the stumping is still valid & should be answered by the strikers end umpire
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DEAD-BALL
Appeals
The fielding captain may withdraw any appeal ...
provided he does so before the batsman leaves the field-of-play If the captain makes this choice
the umpire should call & signal DEAD-BALL
Appeals
ALL appeals must be answered
A batsman is either out or not-out The only time when silence is golden is when he is out If he is out signal If he is not out call NOT-OUT
The umpire must then decide whether to accept the withdrawal

It is rare for an umpire to refuse to accept the withdrawal
Always consider the action before giving a decision

Use these few moments to review what you have seen
If not accepted the batsman is still out If accepted ... the decision to dismiss is revoked and the batsman must be recalled to the crease
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An umpire can change his decision

provided he does so promptly and before the batsman has left the field-of-play
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If the batsman has left the field-of-play an appeal cannot be withdrawn
This should not be necessary if a few moments are taken before answering an appeal
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Appeals
Do not be influenced by a chorus or orchestrated appeal
A quiet appeal is worthy of your consideration Give confident answers Hesitancy and inconsistency leads to contempt Confidence and consistency leads to acceptance If you are not confident in a decision to dismiss your doubt must be in favour of the batsman you must call NOT-OUT
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End of Module 3.1

In the next module we will review
Law Law Law Law Law Law Law Law 7 9 3 10 11 17 41 42 The pitch The creases The umpires Preparation & maintenance of the playing area Covering the pitch Practice on the field The fielder Unfair play
Thank you for your attention

Do not forget to study your copy of The Umpires Companion
These modules
were written & produced for
New Zealand Cricket

by the
New Zealand Cricket Umpires & Scorers Association

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Cricket Umpiring
Levels Modules
Module 3.2
Module 3.2
In this module we will review
Law 7 Law 9 Law 3 Law 10 Law 11 Law 17 Law 41 Law 42 The pitch The creases The umpires Preparation & maintenance of the playing area Covering the pitch Practice on the field The fielder Unfair play
Law 7 The pitch

It is the Pitch - NOT the wicket
Law 7 The pitch

It is the Pitch NOT the wicket
If the pitch is not mowed to the correct width side marks may be used to indicate the true width of pitch It is 22 yards (20.12 m) long and 10 feet (3.05 m) wide
i.e. 5 feet (1.52 m) either side of the imaginary centre-line
3
the true width of the pitch
The crease markings must always painted in white
Law 7 The pitch

It is the Pitch - NOT the wicket
Selection of the pitch

Before the match the Ground Authority selects and prepares the pitch The umpires are not involved
After the toss the umpires take full control of all maintenance
These marks show the beginning of the protected area
Fitness of pitch Only the umpires may decide on the fitness of the pitch for play
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Changing the pitch

During play only the umpires may decide if the pitch is
Unreasonable or Dangerous for play to continue on it Captains cannot instigate a change of pitch Both captains must agree to the change
Any change must be within the previously agreed boundaries
Law 9 - The creases

The names given to the crease markings are of vital interest to players and umpires
The actual creases are the edges of each marking closest to the umpire
Popping crease
Bowling crease
If another field-of-play is chosen it is a new game

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Return creases
The creases - measurements

These markings are of vital interest to players and umpires
All measurements are taken from an imaginary centre-line through the centre of the pitch and from the back edge of the Bowling crease
22 yards (20.12 me tre s) from the other e nd The Popping cre ase is EXACTLY 4 fe e t (1.32 me tres) in front of the Bowling cre ase and no le ss than 12 fe et (3.66 metres) long The Bowling cre ase is EXACTLY 8 fe e t 8 inche s (2.64 me tre s) long The two Re turn cre ases must be no le ss than 8 fe e t (2.44 metres) long
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Law 10 Rolling the pitch

Rolling prior to toss
The ground authority has sole responsibility There is no umpire involvement at all

Rolling after the toss
On day 1 additional rolling is permitted if the start is delayed AND the umpires agree that the state of the pitch has been SIGNIFICANTLY changed due to the delay On subsequent days rolling is permitted only if requested by the batting captain and must be completed before play starts
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Timing of additional rolling
Rolling is permitted before the days play starts Rolling must start
no earlier than 30 minutes before the scheduled start time and no later than 10 minutes before the scheduled start time e.g. 11:30 am start Rolling must not start before 11:00 am and no later than 11:20 am
Rolling is permitted between innings
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Whenever rolling takes place
The maximum time allowed is 7 minutes
a lesser time is permissible
Law 10 Clearing debris from the pitch
The whole of the pitch must be rolled The incoming batting captain has a choice of any available roller i.e. the choice of weight If a captain declares, forfeits his innings, or enforces a follow-on the incoming batting captain is entitled to his full 7 minutes of rolling If there is insufficient time available to complete the rolling any additional time required must come out of normal playing time
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Debris must be removed from the pitch before rolling to ensure a clear pitch is rolled
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i.e. the hours of play are NOT extended
Law 10 Clearing debris from the pitch

The clearing of debris must occur using a soft broom ...
at the beginning of each day not earlier than 30 minutes before play, or later than 10 minutes before play (the same as for rolling) During all meals intervals Between innings
Law 10 Mowing
The pitch & outfield should be mowed on each match day The umpires must advise the captains if the outfield cannot be mowed and what procedure for the match is to be adopted
Timing
Mowing of the pitch must finish no later than 30 minutes before the start of play e.g. 11:30 am start no later than 11:00 am Mowing of the out-field must be completed no later than 15 minutes before play starts no later than 11:15 am
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Law 10 Remarking the creases

The creases must be remarked during every interval and whenever the umpires deem it necessary
Law 10 Watering & maintenance

Watering
Watering of the pitch is absolutely prohibited during a match The laws are silent on watering the outfield
This may be subject to match regulations
Maintenance and securing of footholds

Footholds must be cleaned out and dried whenever necessary
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Law 10 Maintaining the playing area

In matches of more than one day the use of quick-setting fillings to re-turf footholds is permitted
Law 11 Covering the pitch

Before the match
The whole pitch may be covered However players and umpires must to be allowed to inspect it prior to the toss
During the match

i.e. during intervals and interruptions
During play sawdust may be used to secure footholds provided it does not cause any damage to the pitch
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only the bowlers run-ups may be covered
Removal of covers
The umpires must ensure all covers are removed as soon as conditions permit
Law 11 Covering the pitch

During the match the covers can only extend to ...
the start of the Protected area
Law 3 Ground, Weather & Light

Umpires must consult and agree
If play is in progress BOTH umpires must agree that conditions are unreasonable or dangerous If so, they shall immediately suspend play If play is not in progress BOTH umpires must agree that conditions are no longer unreasonable or dangerous they shall call upon the players to start or resume play Unreasonable is to be regarded as being inappropriate rather than conditions simply not being very good This is a decision only the umpires can make
It must be noted that the players have a voice in that decision
i.e. 5 feet (1.52m) in front of popping crease
Unless otherwise agreed to before toss or by the Playing conditions
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Law 3 Ground conditions

The fielding side
The bowlers run-ups / footholds / run-offs must be safe The area immediately around the pitch should allow for free and safe movement by fielders
The fielding side

The outfield should have no puddles or serious water hazards Play should not be suspended solely because the ball and grass is wet or slippery
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The batting side
must have secure footholds around the popping crease and freedom to run safely between wickets
Law 17 Practice on the field

Practice on the Pitch and on the Square
Practice bowling or batting on the pitch itself, or on an area parallel to and immediately adjacent to the pitch
i.e. 1 pitch-width either side of the pitch in use
AT ANY TIME on ANY day of the match
is absolutely PROHIBITED
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Practice on the field is NOT permitted at any time on the day of the match

Practice is permitted on other parts of the square
BUT ONLY up until 30 minutes before play starts
e.g. play starts 11:00 am - practice must cease by 10:30 am
on the pitch
or on any area parallel and immediately adjacent to the pitch
This area may be extended if necessary

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After the close of the days play practice is permitted in these areas
Law 17 Practice on the outfield

Practice on other parts of the outfield is permitted
before the start of play and after the close of play on any day or during the lunch and tea intervals or between innings provided that the umpires are satisfied it will not cause any significant deterioration in the condition of the outfield Such practice must not continue later than 5 minutes before the time for play to commence or to resume
Law 41 Encroaching on the pitch

From the moment the ball comes into play until either
it touches the strikers bat or his person or it passes his bat no fielder may NOT have any part of his person
No-one may practice on any part of the outfield

even from outside the boundary
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between the call of PLAY or TIME
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grounded on the pitch
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At any time during play
if a bowler deliberately bowls a ball onto the ground he breaches Law 42.3 (Changing the condition of the ball) The umpires must invoke the offence procedures The bowler may do so using his arm action without the ball provided he does not waste time Such practice is permitted when the captain is changing his field, or when the sight-screen is being moved Such practice is permitted on the fall of a wicket Practice must cease when the incoming batsman reaches the square

Practice of any kind is NOT permitted on the field between calls of PLAY and the call of TIME if umpires consider it is time-wasting If the contravention causes time to be wasted the time-wasting procedures are invoked
Bowlers trial run-up

A bowler may have a trial run-up without penalty if the umpire considers that time is not being wasted
i.e . on the fall of a wicke t or while the captain is changing the field
Batsmen
If a batsman offends the time-wasting procedures must be invoked
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extended over the pitch

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grounded on the pitch
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The penalty for an infringement is a call of NO BALL - as soon as possible after delivery
Law 42 The protected area

The whole of pitch must be protected from damage particularly the Protected area The imaginary centre-line is in blue
to a similar position at the other end The Protected Area starts 5 feet (1.52 metres) in-front of the Popping crease ...
Law 42 The protected area

Bowler running on the protected area
Running on the protected area is unfair
These line are joined to enclose the Protected Area It is exactly 2 feet (61 cm) wide
i.e . 1 foot (30.5 cm) on e ach side of the imaginary ce ntre-line
There does NOT have to be any actual damage UNOFFICIALLY 1st occasion only Give a friendly but firm warning to the bowler If this is ineffective invoke the official procedures
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That is why these additional marks are placed on the pitch

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The ultimate sanction against an offender occurs after the 3 rd offence
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Law 42 Bowler on the protected area

Bowler offending 1st offence ACTION
Issue a CAUTION the bowler This caution applies to that bowler throughout innings at both ends of the pitch

2nd offence in the innings by the same bowler
INFORM
Your colleague The batsmen at the crease The fielding captain ASAP The batting captain
ACTION
Issue a FINAL WARNING to the bowler This warning applies to that bowler throughout innings at both ends of the pitch
INFORM
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RECORD the incident in your note book
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3rd offence in the innings by the same bowler ACTION
Instruct the captain to suspend the bowler Another bowler must complete any part over
Law 42 Fielders damaging the pitch

Umpires must watch and observe the fielders
INFORM
Your colleague The batsmen at the crease The fielding captain ASAP The batting captain at the end of an over when the players change ends
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Report the matter to the offenders management & to the Governing body RECORD the incident in your note book
and when a wicket falls
for any unnecessary walking or running on the pitch
Law 42 Fielder damaging the pitch

1st offence by any fielder in the innings ACTION
CAUTION the captain Advise him that this is a FIRST & FINAL WARNING This warning applies to ALL fielders for the balance of that innings
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Law 42 Fielder damaging the pitch

Any repetition by any fielder in the innings ACTION
When the ball becomes dead Award 5 Penalty runs to the batting side The previous issued warning applies to ALL fielders for the balance of that innings
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INFORM
Your colleague The batsmen at the crease ASAP The batting captain
INFORM
Your colleague The batsmen at the crease ASAP The batting captain
Report the matter to the teams management & to the Governing body RECORD the incident in your note book
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Law 42 Batsmen damaging the pitch

The umpires must watch the batsmen

Umpires must watch the batsmen
when running
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They may tap down divots & spike marks
but they may NOT beat the pitch
The ultimate sanction against offenders occurs after the 3 rd offence

1st offence by any batsman ACTION
Issue a FIRST & FINAL WARNING to both batsmen This warning applies throughout that innings to ALL incoming batsmen

A subsequent offence by any batsman in an innings ACTION
When the ball becomes dead Disallow all runs scored off that delivery Allow any NO-BALL or WIDE or Penalty runs Award 5 Penalty runs to the fielding side Return the batsmen to their original ends
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INFORM
Your colleague The batsmen at the crease The fielding captain ASAP The batting captain Each incoming batsman
INFORM
Your colleague The batsmen at the crease The fielding captain ASAP The batting captain Each incoming batsman Report the matter to the offenders management & to the Governing body
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End of Module 3.2

In the next module we will review ...
Law 5 Law 20 Law 22 Law 24 Law 23 Law 25 Law 33 Law 34 Law 42 The ball Lost-ball The over No-ball Dead-ball Wide-ball Handled the ball Hit the ball twice Fair & unfair play
These modules
New Zealand Cricket

by the

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Remember to study your copy of The Umpires Companion
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Cricket Umpiring
Levels Modules
Module 3.3
This module
In this module we will review
Law 5 Law 20 Law 22 Law 24 Law 23 Law 25 Law 33 Law 34 Law 42 The ball Lost-ball The over No-ball Dead-ball Wide-ball Handled the ball Hit the ball twice Fair & unfair play
Law 6 The ball

The specifications of the ball vary dependant on the grade of cricket being played ...
It may be of 2 or 4-piece construction of any colour MEN SIZE- circumference not more than 9 inches (22.9 cm) and not less than 8 13/16 inches (22.4 cm) WEIGHT not more than 5 ounces (163 grams) and not less than 5 ounces (155.9 grams)
3
Approval & control

The umpires must approve all the match balls before the toss
They must take and retain possession of all the balls ... before the toss at the fall of a wicket at the start of any interval or interruption
WOMEN 8 7/8 inches (22.5 cm) 8 inches (21.0 cm) 5 5/16 ounces (151 grams) 4 15/16 ounces (140 grams)
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New ball
Unless agreed otherwise before the match either captain may demand a new ball at the start of each innings
This shows how important it is that all balls be confirmed be fore the match
The ball
New ball in match of more than 1 days duration ...
The fielding captain can demand a new ball after prescribed number of overs has been bowled with old one
The ball
Notification
When a new ball is taken the umpires must ... inform the batsmen at the crease and the scorers - using the prescribed signal When this signal is acknowledged play may resume
as decided by Governing Body of the relevant country but this cannot be less than 75 overs New Zealand Cricket requires 80 overs to be bowled before a new ball can be taken Unlike the law on a Follow-on if no play is possible on day-one the duration of the match remains unchanged for this law
If a new ball is taken mid-over that part over counts as a full over when calculating when the next new ball may be taken
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The ball
Irregular checking of the ball
The umpires must make frequent & irregular checks on the ball .. to ensure it has retained its integrity ... normal wear & tear accepted and has not been unlawfully tampered with by players
Law 20 Lost-ball
The call of Lost-ball is a rare event in the modern game
The ball must become lost, or be irretrievable within the field-of-play
How can the ball become lost ?

It can drop down a hole inside the boundary or it can lodge in the branches of an overhanging tree overlooked during the pre-match inspections If the ball is lost outside the boundary, a boundary is scored That is NOT a Lost-ball as provided in this Law Hence the importance of pre-match inspections
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Ball gauges
Ball gauges are available to assist the checking of the ball Two rings
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The ball should pass through one ring but not the other
Law 20 Lost-ball
On the call of Lost-ball the ball becomes automatically dead A farcical situation could develop as the batsmen continue running while the fielders attempt to retrieve the ball Umpires should resist the temptation of stepping in to stop play
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Law 20 Lost-ball How scored

On the call of Lost-ball the ball becomes automatically dead A MINIMUM of 6 runs must be added to the score If batsman have run more than 6 runs all runs completed are scored including the run in progress at the instant of the call provided they have crossed DO NOT add the runs scored to the 6 runs awarded It is whichever is the greater 6 runs OR the runs scored by running All runs are credited to the striker or to appropriate extras RECORD the incident in your note book to provide assistance to scorers during the next interval
The replacement ball

If the ball needs to be replaced
because of damage or the loss of the original its replacement must be of comparable usage Any lost time is not made up because of the ball being replaced NOTE A replacement ball is NOT a new ball The umpires must advise both batsmen and the fielding captain that the ball has been replaced RECORD this in your note book to assist the scorers
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Law 22 The over

An over comprises 6 balls (called Valid balls)
bowled from alternate ends of the pitch An over starts when the bowler starts his run up or his bowling action
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Law 22 The over

If the bowler does not have a run-up
the over starts when the bowler starts his delivery action
Law 22 The over

An over comprises 6 legitimate deliveries
Only valid deliveries are counted Balls not counted are Bowling extras No-balls & Wides Balls that have bounced MORE than twice or have rolled along the ground or have come to rest in-front of the striker wicket Balls called DEAD before the striker has had a chance to play at it
The umpire must call OVER when

the ball becomes dead after 6 valid balls have been bowled
These balls must be re-bowled

13 14
unless the innings is closed They are NOT additional balls of the over
Law 22 Umpire miscounting

If the umpire miscounts the balls of the over
The miscounted over stands Umpires should signal each other when 4 balls have been bowled
Law 22.5 (b) Umpire miscounting

On rare occasions after 6 valid balls have been bowled in an over, an umpire having miscounted, may permit another delivery in the over When the ball becomes dead and having becoming aware of the miscount he must immediately call OVER If the additional delivery was an invalid ball i.e. a NO-BALL or WIDE he must accept the error and NOT permit the invalid ball to be re-bowled
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Law 24 Definition of a fair delivery

The arm
The ball is fairly delivered if when the bowlers arm has reached the level of the shoulder in the delivery swing and the elbow joint is not straightened or bent until the ball has left the hand Flexing or rotating the wrist is permitted Should the bowler offend one umpire must call & signal NO BALL
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Degree of certainty
The umpire must have a high degree of certainty that the ball has been unfairly delivered
It is not sufficient for him to believe it might have been unfair
Only if absolutely certain then one umpire must call & signal NO BALL
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The ultimate sanction against offenders occurs after the 3 rd offence
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Attempt to Run-out the striker

BEFORE delivery the bowler is permitted to attempt to throw the ball to the strikers end in an attempt to run-out the striker

BEFORE delivery the bowler attempts to run-out the striker
If successful ...
either umpire must call & signal NO-BALL then DEAD-BALL On Appeal the striker must be dismissed - Run-out
- NOT Bowled
There is only a brief window of opportunity for the bowler to attempt this The ball must be in-play It must occur BEFORE the bowler enters his delivery stride
19 20
That invalid ball is NOT counted as a ball of the over It was a No-ball Therefore it must be re-bowled Ensure the scorers record the dismissal correctly RECORD the incident in your note book

BEFORE delivery the bowler attempts to run-out the striker
Ball bouncing more than twice

If the ball bounces more than twice - i.e. 3 or more times
or rolls along the ground
If unsuccessful ...
or if the bowler attempts to run-out the striker after entering his delivery stride ... either umpire must call & signal NO-BALL and allow play to continue as for any other No-ball That invalid ball is NOT counted as a ball of the over It was a No-ball Therefore it must be re-bowled
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The umpire must call & signal NO-BALL The striker may hit this ball & score runs provided 22 the ball does not stop in-front of his wicket
Ball not reaching the striker

If the ball comes to rest in-front of the striker ...
No-ball other issues

If NO-BALL is called and the ball is not delivered the umpire must revoke the call
The call & signal of NO-BALL negates a WIDE The ball is NOT dead on the call of NO-BALL It remains in-play until it becomes dead otherwise A NO-BALL is not counted as a ball of the over
The umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL then NO-BALL
It must be re-bowled NO-BALL must be signalled twice

with a CALL the instant of an offence and repeated to the scorers when the ball becomes dead
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A free hit is NOT permitted
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Penalty for a No-ball

A penalty is invoked on the call & signal of NO-BALL
1 run is awarded INSTANTLY and is scored irrespective of what happens next A No-ball is a Bowling extra debited against the bowler The 1 run penalty is scored as a No-ball extra Any runs which ensue from that delivery are scored and are credited to the striker provided he hit the ball with his bat or as No-ball extras if he did not Signalled as a No-ball then Bye
Runs scored off a No-ball

1 run is scored as a penalty on the call of NO-BALL
The striker is credited only with any runs scored off his bat The only additional signal necessary may be a Boundary 4 or 6 If he fails to hit the ball with his bat and runs are scored these are always scored as No-ball extras and Byes must be signalled, followed if necessary by Boundary 4
A boundary 6 can only be scored off the bat
Any other penalty for illegal fielding are always signalled and recorded as PENALTY RUNS
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No-ball / Bat - examples

NO-BALL called & signalled 1 No-ball extra
scored as a No-ball extra The striker hits the ball and 3 runs are completed 3 Runs credited to the striker TOTAL 4 Runs All debited against bowler
Law 23 Dead ball

The ball is either in-play or it is dead
Because it is an inanimate object and not capable of life it should not be described as being Live The ball comes into play .. that is it is in-play when the bowler starts his run-up or bowling action When the ball becomes dead it is no longer in-play This is the subject of this law
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NO-BALL called & signalled 1 No-ball extra

scored as a No-ball extra The striker hits the ball over the boundary 6 Runs credited to the striker TOTAL 7 Runs All debited against bowler
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Law 23 Dead ball

There are 10 occasions when the ball becomes dead automatically There is 1 occasion when the ball is deemed dead There are many occasions when an umpire is required to call & signal DEAD-BALL This is a prime law
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Law 23 Dead ball

The ball becomes dead AUTOMATICALLY when
When the ball has FINALLY settled is for the umpire to decide
(i) it finally settled in hands of the wicket-keeper
or the bowler
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The ball is automatically dead


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(ii) a boundary is scored
(iii) a batsman is dismissed
(iv) it becomes trapped between the bat and person of the striker or between items of his 32 clothing or equipment


(v) it LODGES in the clothing or equipment of a batsman
or the clothing of an umpire (vi) it LODGES in a protective helmet worn by a fielder (vii)illegal fielding takes place or the ball hits helmet behind the wicket-keeper
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(viii) There is an award of Penalty runs because a player returned to field-of-play without umpire consent and made contact with the ball in-play (ix) (x) A fielder calls Lost-ball The umpire calls OVER or TIME
The ball is considered dead

If the bowlers end umpire is satisfied that the fielders and BOTH batsmen have ceased to regard the ball as being in-play the ball is deemed dead
That is
the fielders are showing no interest in taking a wicket and the batsmen have lost interest in scoring runs
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While the ball may be considered dead by the players it is advantageous if the umpire calls DEAD-BALL
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CALL & signal of DEAD-BALL

An umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL when ...

An umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL when ...
(ii) there is serious injury to (i) he intervenes in any case of unfair play
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a player a batsman or a fielder
or an umpire

(iii) An umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL to stop play when he wishes to leave his normal position to consult his colleague

(iv) An umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL when a bail falls from the STRIKERS wicket BEFORE he has had an opportunity to play the ball
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(v) An umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL when the striker is not ready to receive the delivery and

(vi) An umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL if the striker is distracted by any noise or movement whilst receiving or preparing to receive the delivery
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if the ball is delivered
he makes NO attempt to play it
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The distraction can be either inside or outside the field-of-play
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An umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL if ...

Actions on call & signal of DEAD-BALL
If the ball is called DEAD before the striker has had an opportunity to play at it That invalid ball is NOT counted as a ball of the over it must be re-bowled
(vii) the bowler drops the ball before delivery, or
(viii) the ball does not leave the bowlers hand

with the sole exception of him attempting to run-out the non-striker
If the ball is called DEAD after the striker has had a chance to play it that ball is a valid ball and is counted as a ball of the over
If the striker is DELIBERATELY DISTRACTED whilst preparing to receive or whilst playing at a valid ball it becomes invalid and is NOT counted as a ball of the over
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(ix) or the umpire is required to do so by another law
Law 25 WIDE ball

Only the bowlers end umpire can call & signal WIDE
A wide ball is deemed Wide from the moment it leaves the bowlers hand however it is not called & signalled until it has passed the strikers wicket A delivery cannot be a WIDE if NO-BALL has been called NO-BALL has precedence over a Wide WIDE must be called if the ball passes too wide of the striker to play at it That ball should NOT be considered a Bye WIDE must be signalledtwice with a CALL when the ball passes the strikers wicket and repeated to the scorers when the ball becomes dead
What is the difference between

a Wide and a Bye ?
Consider these balls
These balls are outside the strikers normal reach
These balls are within his reach

If the ball is outside his normal reach it must be called & signalled WIDE
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The ball must be within his reach
The ball must be within his reach Off-side balls
for him to hit it with his bat with a normal cricket stroke Both balls are the same distance from the striker This ball is easier to hit
from where he is standing in a normal guard position If the ball is within his reach and he fails to hit it and runs 47 are scored that ball must be signalled as Byes
This ball is harder to hit

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The ball must be within his reach Off-side balls
The ball must be within his reach Leg-side balls
These balls are easier to hit This ball is harder to hit

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The lower ball is closer to the striker but it is harder to hit
The ball must be within his reach Leg-side balls
The stature of the striker

A tall batsman can reach further than a short batsman
This it is important when considering calling & signalling WIDE
A waist-high ball is easier to hit
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Both balls are the same distance from the striker Is the lower ball a WIDE ?
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Not a Wide
Not a Wide
If the ball makes contact with the striker it cannot be called WIDE
If the striker moves to bring the ball within his reach he negates a Wide
The striker cannot create a Wide by moving away
Had he stayed in a normal guard position the ball would have been within his reach
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Out off a Wide-ball

Which batsman can be dismissed off a Wide-ball ?
Handled the ball Hit-wicket Run-out Stumped Obstructing the field either batsman the striker either batsman the striker either batsman
NOT-OUT off a Wide-ball

The striker cannot be dismissed off a Wide-ball ...
Bowled Caught Hit the ball twice LB W Clearly these are impossible The ball remains in play until it becomes dead otherwise
The bowler gains credit for Hit-wicket & Stumped but not for the others
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That means runs can be scored and the striker can be dismissed in another fashion
Penalty for a Wide-ball

A penalty is invoked on the call & signal of WIDE
1 run is awarded INSTANTLY and is scored irrespective of what happens next A Wide-ball is a Bowling extra - debited against the bowler The 1 run penalty is scored as a Wide extra That delivery is not counted as a ball of the over It must be re-bowled Any runs which ensue from that delivery are also scored as Wides They cannot be credited to the striker because he cannot hit the ball with his bat The only signal which may follow a Wide is a Boundary 4
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Law 33 Handled the ball

Either batsman can be dismissed Handled the ball
A batsman is not permitted to touch the ball with his hand/s without a fielders consent
This is not applicable if he uses his bat or his hand on the bat
On appeal
an offending batsman must be dismissed by the bowlers end umpire A batsman is permitted to handle the ball to avoid injury
This is an instinctive reaction as opposed to a deliberate act If the ball is handed back to a fielder without consent and that act prevents the fielder fielding the ball this becomes Obstructing the Field
All runs completed before the offence plus any No-ball or Wide are scored The bowler is not credited with this dismissal
Law 34 Hit the ball twice

The striker is permitted to hit the ball more than once for the sole purpose of guarding his wicket But ...
if when doing so he prevents a catch being taken
Hit the ball twice defined

The act of hitting the ball twice may be
Bat Bat Person Person then Bat then Person then Bat then Person
The striker may use any part of bat or body when hitting the ball twice except his hand Runs cannot be scored as a result of a 2 nd hit except as overthrows
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on Appeal ...
the bowlers end umpire must dismiss him Hit the ball twice
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or for Penalty runs or for a No-ball
The difficulty of the catch must not be considered
This dismissal is impossible off a WIDE
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Hit the ball twice

Three examples of Hit the ball twice
Accidental 2 or more contacts with ball in same stroke This is a legal act No umpire action is required for the sole purpose of protecting his wicket This is a legal act No umpire action is required If this occurs for any other purpose ... it is an illegal act and the striker is subject to Appeal On Appeal the striker must be dismissed Hit the ball twice
Hit the ball twice umpire action

If the batsmen run following this illegal act permit the batsmen to complete one run
This allows a fielder to attempt a Run-out Then call & signal DEAD-BALL before answering any appeal On Appeal a prudent umpire will call & signal DEAD-BALL and consult his colleague before answering the appeal
Wilful
Wilful
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In all cases note taking is essential
Overthrows
If one throw leads to another resulting in an Overthrow and the ball reaches the boundary from the last throw only the FINAL throw is considered Only the runs completed and in progress if they have crossed after the instant of the FINAL throw are scored
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Overthrows
2 Scenarios - overthrows
1 The striker hits the ball MORE than once and the batsmen run The batsmen have not crossedat the instant of the fielders throw That run if completed IS scored 2 The striker hits the ball MORE than once and the batsmen run The batsmen have crossed before the fielder throws the ball That run if completed is NOT scored
In these scenarios ...

if the ball travels on and reaches the boundary only the boundary allowance is scored - Boundary 4 Do NOT add the runs completed to the Boundary allowance The runs scored are either ... the runs completed or the boundary never both
Hit the ball twice & Overthrows

If the ball is lawfully struck MORE than once and runs are scored as overthrows ...
the runs are recorded according to what happened to the ball first they are credited to ... Bat Bat Person Person then Bat then Person then Bat then Person the striker the striker Leg-byes or No-ball extras Leg-byes or No-ball extras
Law 34 Hit the ball twice

Three examples of Hit the ball twice
Accidental 2 or more contacts with ball in same stroke it is a legal act No umpire action is required If for the sole purpose of protecting his wicket it is a legal act No umpire action is required If this occurs for any other purpose it is an illegal act and the batsman is subject to Appeal On Appeal the batsman must be dismissed Hit the ball twice
Wilful
Wilful
The bowler gains no credit for Hit the ball twice

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Law 42.3 Changing the condition of the match ball

The umpires are required to make frequent and irregular inspections of the ball
It is unfair to attempt to change the condition of the ball Fielders are permitted to dry a wet ball on a piece of cloth or polish the ball on an item of their clothing They may NOT use any artificial substance Fielders are permitted to remove mud from a seam ... but only under the supervision of an umpire
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Law 42 Tampering with the ball

1st offence by a fielder after umpire consultation ACTION
Change the ball with one of comparable wear Award 5 Penalty runs to the batting side
INFORM
Your colleague The batsmen at the crease The fielding captain ASAP The batting captain Report the incident to the Governing body
The ultimate sanction against offenders occurs after the 1 st offence
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Law 42 Tampering with the ball

2nd offence by any fielder in that innings
after umpire consultation
Law 42.6 Dangerous & unfair bowling

The purpose of this Law is to prevent injury to the striker ... and more particularly to his head
Unfair bowling can be ...
FAST Full-tossed deliveries SLOW Full-tossed deliveries FAST short-pitched deliveries above waist-height of the striker above shoulder-height of the striker above head-height of the striker
ACTION
Change the ball with one of comparable wear Award 5 Penalty runs to the batting side Direct the captain to SUSPEND the bowler who bowled the preceding ball He may NOT bowl again in that innings Another bowler must complete the over
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INFORM
Your colleague The batsmen at the crease The fielding captain ASAP The batting captain Report the incident to the offenders management & to the Governing body
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All such deliveries are unfair irrespective of their direction even if they are unlikely to cause injury If a bowler delivers such a ball the bowlers end umpire must call & signal NO-BALL
The height being when the striker is standing upright at the Popping crease
Dangerous & unfair bowling

Fast Full-tossed deliveries - Beamers
Any FAST Full-tossed delivery is unfair if the ball passes or would have passed above waist-height of the striker when standing upright at the Popping crease The bowlers end umpire must call & signal NO-BALL In all cases, the bowler must be given a First & Final warning His captain, the fielding captain and your colleague must also be informed
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Full-tossed deliveries - Beamers
Any Slow Full-tossed delivery is unfair if the ball passes or would have passed above shoulder-height of the striker when standing upright at the Popping crease The bowlers end umpire must call & signal NO-BALL In all cases, the bowler must be given a First & Final warning His captain, the fielding captain and your colleague must also be informed
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The strikers end umpire can assist by indicating the height of the delivery
The strikers end umpire can assist by indicating the height of the delivery
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Full-tossed deliveries - Beamers
New Zealand Cricket has decreed ... that in all matches played in New Zealand that ALL full-tossed deliveries above waist-height either fast OR slow must be called & signalled NO-BALL In all cases, the bowler must be given a First & Final warning His captain, the fielding captain and your colleague must also be informed
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FAST Short-pitched deliveries - Bouncers
Any FAST Short-pitched delivery is unfair if the ball passes or would have passed above head-height of the striker when standing upright at the Popping crease The bowlers end umpire must call & signal NO-BALL In all cases, the bowler must be given a First & Final warning His captain, the fielding captain and your colleague must also be informed
The strikers end umpire can assist by indicating the height of the delivery The relative skill of the striker must be considered
Ball clearly above head-height

If the ball passes CLEARLYabove head-height of the striker ...
DELIBERATE bowling offence

DELIBERATE High Full-pitched deliveries are unfair
If a bowler delivers any HIGH Full-pitched delivery the umpire must consider if it was DELIBERATE
when standing upright at the Popping crease the laws required the bowlers end umpire to call & signal NO-BALL
If he is satisfied it was DELIBERATE he must call & signal NO-BALL then the ball becomes dead direct the captain to SUSPEND the bowler forthwith Penalty runs are NOT awarded The bowler is punished by the suspension The umpire must then invoke the Reporting procedures
It is an unfair delivery
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This ultimate sanction against an offender occurs after the 1 st offence
Law 42 Dangerous & Unfair bowling

1st offence in an innings by any bowler When the ball becomes dead ... ACTION INFORM
Call & signal NO-BALL CAUTION the bowler This caution applies to that bowler for the balance of that innings at both ends of the pitch Your colleague The batsmen at the crease The fielding captain ASAP The batting captain

2nd offence in that innings by that bowler When the ball becomes dead ... INFORM ACTION
Call & signal NO-BALL Issue a FINAL WARNING to the bowler This warning applies to that bowler for the balance of that innings at both ends of the pitch Your colleague The batsmen at the crease The fielding captain ASAP The batting captain
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3rd offence in that innings by that bowler When the ball becomes dead ...
ACTION
Call & signal NO-BALL Direct the captain to SUSPEND the bowler immediately That bowler may NOT bowl again in that innings Another bowler must complete the over

DELIBERATE High Full-pitched deliveries
If any bowler bowls a HIGH Full-pitched delivery the umpire must consider if it was DELIBERATE If so ... he must call & signal NO-BALL When the ball becomes dead the umpire must direct the captain to SUSPEND the bowler forthwith Penalty runs are NOT awarded The bowler is punished by the suspension Invoke the Reporting procedures
This ultimate sanction against an offender occurs after the 1 st offence
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INFORM
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Law 42 Penalty runs

are always awarded TO the non-offending side
PENALTY RUNS stand alone and are recorded in a separate line of Fielding extras PENALTY RUNS are not credited to the striker, or to any other extra, or debited against any delivery
The end of Module 3.3

In the next module we will review
Law 1 Law 2 Law 40 Law 41 Law 42 Law 31 Law 21 Law 37 Law 18 The players Substitutes & Runners The wicket-keeper The fielder Fair & unfair play Timed-out The result Obstructing the field Scoring runs

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These modules
New Zealand Cricket

by the

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Cricket Umpiring
Levels Modules
Module 3.4
Law Law Law Law Law Law Law Law Law
2
This module
In this module we will review ...
1 2 40 41 42 31 21 37 18 The players Substitutes & Runners The wicket-keeper The fielder Fair & unfair play Timed-out The result Obstructing the field Scoring runs
Law 1 The players

Cricket Law permits teams of more or less than 11 players per side as agreed by the captains before the toss however only 11 may field at any one time
The players must be nominated in writing ... to one of the umpires before the toss If in the absence of the captain his deputy (who must be a nominated player) must fulfil all of the captains obligations Once nominated, a player cannot be changed without consent of opposing captain
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Nomination of players
Law 1.2 requires both captains to nominate his players to the umpires no later than 30 minutes before the start of play and states that, after the nomination, no player can be changed without the consent of the opposing captain NZC requires the nomination to take place prior to the toss The toss shall take place no later than 1 hour before the start of play has listed its PLAYER PRIORITY FOR SELECTION This permits players to be replaced if they are being promoted to a higher grade match It does not apply if a player is returning after being promoted
NZC
Team lists
Before the toss the players must be nominated in writing to the umpires
The laws require the captain to toss for innings If he is not available his deputy who must be a nominated player must fulfil all the captains obligations
This card me e ts the re quirements of Law and playing conditions of New Zealand Cricket It pe rmits more or le ss than 11 playe rs to be nominated howe ve r only 11 may field at any time It can be advantage ous having officials named Be cause of their de sire to prote ct young bodies NZC has place d limits on young bowle rs The age group of e ach playe r should be e nte re d Note the symbols use d to de note the Captain & the Wicket-keepe r 5
Changing a nominated player

A nominated player cannot be changed after the toss
If a player becomes ill or injured after his nomination and before play actually starts he may be replaced but only with the opposing captain's consent The new player then becomes part of the nominated team
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Restrictions on replacement players

If the player replaced is batting when called away must be recorded as ...
Retired Not-out His replacement may continue batting in that innings provided the replaced player has not been dismissed If there is a delay in the replacement continuing that innings, that constitutes an unavoidable cause and the replacement player may continue that interrupted innings on the fall of a wicket, or on a subsequent retirement
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Restrictions on replacement players

If the player replaced is a fielder when called away ...
If bowling any uncompleted over must be bowled by a nominated player The replaced bowler and his replacement may bowl in an innings but not in consecutive overs There is no limit on the number of players who may be replaced under this rule
It must be noted that these provisions apply to players promoted to NZC higher level matches It also applies to a player returning to his team following a call-up to a national squad i.e. a test player returning to play for his provincial team
Defining a bowlers spell

A bowlers spell is that period of time during which he bowls ...
continuously from one end
Replacement players
Replacement player or Substitute ?
A replacement player is someone who has replaced a nominated player This is usually authorised before the match starts After the toss a nominated player may only be replaced with consent of opposing captain A substitute can only take a limited part in the game
He covers a temporary absence of a nominated player He may only act as a replacement fieldsman He may NOT bat, bowl, keep-wicket or act as captain
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A bowlers spell is deemed continuous if he bowls ...

from the other end at the next over available to him That is no more than two overs later
If an interval or interruption disrupt his spell ...

his spell is deemed to be continuous if the interval is less than one hour
If there is an interruption or interval ...

a bowler is deemed to start a new spell if ... the break in play is at least one hour
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Law 2 Start of a batsmans innings

At the start of an innings a batsmans innings starts
after the umpire has called PLAY and when the bowler starts his run-up or if he has none his bowling action
Batsman retiring
During his innings a batsman may retire at any time
If necessary - the umpire must be informed of the reason
When an innings is in progress

a batsmans innings commences when he first steps onto the field-of-play
If he retires because of illness, injury or any unavoidable cause he may resume his innings without consent only on the fall of a wicket or following another retirement If, for any reason, he is unable to do so, he is recorded as
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Retired Not-out
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Batsman retiring
If, during his innings, a batsman wishes to retire he must inform the umpire of the reason
If his retirement for any reason other than illness injury or some totally acceptable reason acceptable to the umpire
Substitute players
The captain
must be one of the nominated players If he is not available a deputy must act for him The deputy must be a nominated player The captain is responsible for the game being played in the Spirit of the Game and the Laws
From time to time the umpires must consult the captain ... therefore they must know who is the captain and deputy
He may resume his innings but only with the consent of the opposing captain If for any reason, or he is unable to do so he is recorded as
Retired Out
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Batsman with a Runner

Before granting consent to have a runner
the umpire must be satisfied that the batsman has become ill or injured during the match A batsman and his runner are deemed to be two parts of the same batsman The runner ... must be a nominated member of the batting side
He cannot be a substitute

A Runner
is subject to ALL the laws and can cause the injured batsman to be dismissed Run-out Handled the ball Obstructing the field When an injured batsman is on-strike his runner must be stationed where the umpire directs usually at Square-leg The strikers end umpire should move to Point
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If possible he must have already batted He must wear same type of external protective equipment as the batsman for whom he is running He must carry a bat

Having been granted consent to have a runner ...
an injured batsman surrenders ALL rights to run himself If he completes any runs they are NOT scored Only runs completed by the runner are scored However runs are scored if the ball reaches the boundary When a runner is running the injured striker is out of the game If he is brings himself into the game he becomes subject to the Laws and on Appeal can be dismissed irrespective of the position of his runner or the non-striker

Runs are NOT scored
if runs are completed by the runner and the injured striker AND the injured striker are dismissed
Runs ARE scored as

No-balls, Wides or Penalty runs If the injured striker is dismissed while he is out-of-HIS-ground The incoming batsman always goes to the keepers end When not on-strike the injured batsman must stand where the umpire directs - He is out of the game If he brings himself into the game, he can be dismissed
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Which side should the umpire move ?

Positions
Injured batsman should stay within-his-ground Umpire should go to Point Non striker Runner should be at Square-leg
Batsman with a runner

The injured batsman on-strike hits the ball and stays in his safe ground
The wicket is put down at the keepers end
Wherever the ball is hit the bowlers end umpire should always move to the same side as his colleague
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The non-striker and the runner have NOT crossed On Appeal the injured batsman must be dismissed Run-out No runs are scored

The injured batsman on-strike hits the ball and stays in his safe ground

The injured batsman on-strike hits the ball and leaves his safe ground
The non-striker and the runner have crossed On Appeal

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the non-striker must be dismissed
Run-out
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The injured batsman has left his safe ground On Appeal the injured batsman must be dismissed Run-out No runs are scored
No runs are scored

When the injured batsman is not on-strike he should stay out-of-the-game preferably behind his popping crease
The striker hits the ball & runs The wicket is put down at the keepers end

When the injured batsman is not on-strike he should stay out-of-the-game preferably behind his popping crease
The striker hits the ball & runs The wicket is put down at the keepers end
The striker and the runner have NOT crossed On Appeal

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The striker and the runner have crossed Run-out

24
On Appeal
the striker must be dismissed
the runner/injured batsman must be dismissed Run-out No runs are scored
No runs are scored
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Having delegated his running to another an injured batsman cannot decide to run

The wicket is put down at the bowlers end
If no action from the fielders

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When the ball becomes dead

26
On Appeal
call & signal DEAD-BALL Return the batsmen to their original ends No runs are scored
wait until the ball becomes dead No-one is out Call & signal DEAD-BALL
Return the batsmen to their original ends No runs are scored

Substitutes & Runners

Law 2.5 requires that an umpire must be informed of the reason why a player leaves the field-of-play
NZC and places restrictions on when he may bowl should he be absent for more than 15 minutes has shortened the Away-time to 8 minutes
and has determined that this restriction shall be carried over to the next days play The restriction shall, if necessary be carried into the next innings if there is a Follow-on or Forfeiture The restricted player may not bat until or unless in the aggregate he has returned to the field and/or his sides batting innings has been in progress for at least the time of his absence, or If earlier, his side has lost 5 wickets
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O n Appe al the injured batsman must be dismissed Run-out He has le ft his safe ground
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No runs are score d
Note: this is 5 wickets down not the 5 th batsman to come in

If a player suffers an internal injury such as a pulled muscle, or seeks to have a comfort break, or wishes to change an item of clothing he is not permitted to have a substitute, however A substitute is permitted if ... a player is ill, or he suffers an external injury, or he is suffering from cramp, or the reason is wholly acceptable to both umpires Cramps are deemed to be an injury or illness Wholly acceptable must be limited to extreme circumstances
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If a player has been absent for more than 8 minutes and has not had the opportunity to use up his Away-time before his side bats ... He is not permitted to bat until ...
he has returned to the field to use up part of his Away-time , and his side has been batting for the balance of his Away-time , or his side has lost 5 wickets
This does not mean he can come in to bat as #5 His side must be 5 wickets down Away-time provisions are discounted at the end of a days play and are not be carried into a new day
It can be seen how important it is to keep notes on when a player leaves the field and when he returns
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If there has been a declaration or forfeiture and a side fields consecutively ...
and a fielder is subject to Away-time the restrictions applicable shall continue, if necessary, into that next innings
While a fielder is off the field, the umpires should when the ball becomes dead following each delivery glance to the boundary to ascertain if the fielder seeks to return Permission for his return should be given immediately He should take his position without undue delay Both umpires should then count the fielders to verify the correct number of fielders are present 31 and any substitute has left the field-of-play
Fielder leaving the field-of-play

Player absent or leaving the field
A player cannot return without the umpires consent Consent can be given at any time when the ball is dead If a player fails to take the field at the start of an innings or leaves the field during play he must inform the umpire of the reason
32
There are severe penalties for any contravention
The umpire should record the names & times etc

All fielders taking part in the game should be on the field-of-play at the start of play
If a player fails to take the field-of-play or is absent during play he becomes subject to some bowling limitations

A player leaves field at 12:10 pm & returns at 12:35 pm
he cannot bowl until 1:00 pm (25 minutes) Away-time is carried into a 2 nd innings if there is a forfeiture or follow-on This spill-over does NOT extend into the next days play Away-time only applies on the day of the absence If a player leaves the field 40 minutes before the scheduled time for the close of play and fails to return provided he is present at the start of play the next day no penalty is applied
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If his absence is less that 15 minutes

he can bowl again whenever his captain wishes There are no restrictions
If his absence is for 15 minutes or more

he must use up ALL his Away-time before he may bowl again
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New Zealand Cricket has decreed that this 15-minute provision be reduced to 8 minutes

Scheduled & Unscheduled breaks in play
If a fielders absence includes a scheduled interval his Away-time IS NOT reduced because of that interval If a fielders absence includes an unscheduled break his Away-time IS reduced because of that break provided he returns to the field-of-play when play resumes This provision does not apply to batsmen
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Each separate period of absence is dealt with separately Absences are NOT added together
A player is off the field for 23 minutes He returns and serves 18 minutes of Away-time when he leaves field again He returns 10 minutes later He now he only has to wait 5 minutes The balance of the Away-time of his first absence Ignore his 2 nd absence - it was less than 15 minutes
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Player returning without consent

A fielder comes onto the field without permission and touches the ball-in-play
This is illegal fielding The ball becomes dead automatically It is not a requirement to call & signal DEAD-BALL it helps
Law 40 The wicket-keeper

Only the wicket-keeper is permitted to wear pads & gloves
The gloves must not have any webbing between the fingers The webbing insert between the thumb & index finger is there to prevent dislocation This insert must be a single piece of flat non-stretch material and must NOT form a pouch This Law is principally for glove manufacturers
ACTION
Call & signal DEAD-BALL Award 5 Penalty runs to batting side That ball is not counted as a ball of the over It must be re-bowled
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INFORM
38
Position of the wicket-keeper

The wicket-keeper must retain a position expected of him

The wicket-keeper must retain a position expected of him
when standing back from his wicket when standing up to his wicket
He loses his rights to be treated as a keeper & becomes an ordinary fielder if he discards his gloves and/or pads or moves away from a traditional wicket-keeping position
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40
Wicket-keeper significant movement

After ball comes into play & before it reaches striker

Once the ball comes into play the wicket-keeper must stay wholly behind his wicket
until the ball has ... made contact with the striker or his bat ... or passed the strikers wicket ... or the striker attempts to run
any significant movement towards his wicket is UNFAIR Either umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL
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A few paces forward for a slow delivery is acceptable
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The keeper must NOT have any part of his person gloves and/or cap in-front of his wicket before the striker receives the ball

Even though the striker has missed the ball if he is NOT attempting a run
the wicket-keeper MUST wait until the ball has passed his wicket
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The strikers end umpire must call & signal NO-BALL the instant of the offence
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The strikers end umpire must call & signal NO-BALL the instant of the offence
Fielders
Fielders are NOT permitted to wear gloves or any external leg guards
The umpires consent is required if any fielder requires any form of hand or finger protection A fielder is only permitted to field the ball with his person Severe penalties apply if this provision is breached
Fielders illegal fielding

A fielder may not field the ball using ...
or a hat, cap or helmet
or his clothing
i.e. creating a pouch in his jersey
a discarded glove
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The ultimate sanction against offenders occurs after the 1 st offence
The fielder illegal fielding

The ball becomes dead automatically
It is not a requirement to call & signal DEAD-BALL it helps ACTION Call & signal DEAD-BALL Allow the runs awarded for No-ball, Wide or Penalty runs Award 5 Penalty runs to batting side That ball is not a ball of the over It must be re-bowled INFORM Your colleague The batsmen at the crease The fielding captain ASAP The batting captain Report the incident to the offenders management and to the Governing body
Protective helmets
The protective helmet belonging to the fielding side ...
5 Penalty runs must be awarded to the batting side BUT the reporting procedures are NOT invoked
47
may be placed on the ground If the ball-in-play makes contact behind wicket-keeper with that helmet 48 in line with the stumps it is illegal fielding
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Illegal fielding runs scored

The ball is hit by the striker & the batsmen cross on their 3 rd run A fielder stops the ball illegally 3 runs credited to the striker debited against the bowler
Fielders illegal positioning

No more than 2 fielders are permitted to be stationed behind the popping crease on the leg-side at instant of delivery
5 Penalty runs entered in that line credited to the batting side scored as a Wide extra scored as a Wide extra
TOTAL 8 runs Wide is called & signalled The batsmen complete 1 run A fielder stops the ball illegally 1 runs 1 run
5 Penalty runs entered in that line credited to the batting side

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TOTAL 7 runs
49

No more than 2 fielders are permitted to be stationed behind the popping crease on the leg-side at instant of delivery If any part of the 3 rd fielder is behind the popping crease whether grounded or not he breaches this law Grounded or not - part of his person is over the line
Penalty for illegal positioning

A penalty applies if more than 2 fielders stationed behind the popping crease on the leg-side at instant of delivery
The strikers end umpire must call & signal NO-BALL

51 52

No more than 2 fielders are permitted to be stationed behind the popping crease on the leg-side at instant of delivery
Fielders getting a better view
If you cannot see 3 rd fielder clearly when at square leg ...

53 54
Move to the off-side so you can
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Significant movement by a fielder

Significant movement by any fielder is unfair
After the ball comes into play and until it reaches striker either umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL ... if he considers the striker may ... have been distracted while receiving or preparing to receive the ball
Significant movement - defined

For close-in fielders ...
i.e. a fielder within about 25 paces of the striker
anything other than a minor adjustment to a fielders stance or position must be considered significant
For out-fielders ...

i.e. a fielder more than about 30 paces of the striker
anything other than a minor adjustment to a fielders stance or position, or a movement towards the striker should be regarded as insignificant any movement off-line or away from striker is significant
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These distances may vary according to the competition

Outfielders ... anything other than a slight movement off-line or away from striker is Significant and unfair

Out-fielders ... any movement towards the striker is acceptable and is insignificant
The strikers end umpire must call & signal NO-BALL

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They are out of the strikers line-of-sight
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Law 42 Wilful obstruction

Wilful obstruction or Distraction of either batsman after the ball has been delivered is unfair
Such action can be by word or by deed
Umpires should consult before taking action
Law 42 Deliberate distraction

of either batsman after the ball is delivered
1 st offence in an innings either umpire
ACTION
Call & signal DEAD-BALL All runs completed and attempted are scored even if the batsmen have not crossed Award 5 Penalty runs to the batting side Neither batsman can be dismissed off that delivery That ball is not a ball of the over It must be re-bowled
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INFORM
Your colleague The batsmen at the crease The fielding captain ASAP The batting captain Report the incident to the offenders management & to the Governing body Umpires should consult before taking any action
Accidental collisions between players are part of the game and should not normally be considered deliberate If the umpires deem any action to be DELIBERATE they must act and follow the prescribed procedure If at the instant of the offence, the batsmen have NOT crossed they continue to the ends they were running to
The ultimate sanction against offenders occurs after the 2 nd offence
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Runs scored when a batsman is deliberately obstructed or distracted after the ball has been received

of the striker prior to him receiving the delivery
1 st offence in an innings either umpire
ACTION
Call & signal DEAD-BALL The striker hits the ball and the batsmen complete 2 runs They turn to start their 3 rd when a fielder deliberately obstructs a running batsman 3 runs credited to the striker debited to the bowler Issue First & Final WARNING to the captain This warning applies to the whole team for the balance of that innings Neither batsman can be dismissed off that delivery That ball is not a ball of the over It must be re-bowled
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INFORM
DEAD-BALL
5 Penalty runs entered in that line TOTAL 8 runs - credited to the batting side
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of the striker prior to him receiving the delivery
2 nd offence in an innings either umpire
Law 42 Time wasting

Time wasting by either side is unfair
The striker should be ready to face a delivery when the bowler is ready to start his run-up
ACTION
Call & signal DEAD-BALL Award 5 Penalty runs to the batting side Neither batsman can be dismissed off that delivery That ball is not a ball of the over It must be re-bowled
INFORM
The non-striker should be ready when the striker is ready The bowler should be ready to commence his run-up when his captain has set the field, and the batsmen are ready If for any reason, either side attempts to slow the game down the umpire must consider if those acts are Time wasting He must if necessary call & signal DEAD-BALL and consult his colleague
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The ultimate sanction against offenders occurs after the 2 nd offence
Law 42 Fielder wasting time

1st offence in an innings either umpire ACTION
If necessary call & signal DEAD-BALL Issue First & Final WARNING to the captain This warning applies to the whole team for the balance of that innings

2nd offence in that innings either umpire
If during an over ... ACTION
If necessary call & signal DEAD-BALL Direct the captain to SUSPEND the bowler That bowler may NOT bowl again in that innings
INFORM
INFORM
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2nd offence in that innings either umpire If between overs ... ACTION
If necessary call & signal DEAD-BALL Award 5 Penalty runs to the batting side
Law 42 Batsman wasting time

1st offence in an innings either umpire ACTION
When the ball becomes dead Issue First & Final WARNING to the batsmen This warning applies to the whole batting team for the balance of that innings
INFORM
INFORM
Your colleague The batsmen at the crease The fielding captain Each incoming batsman to receive the Final Warning ASAP The batting captain
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Law 42 Batsman wasting time

2nd offence in an innings either umpire ACTION INFORM
When the ball becomes dead Award 5 Penalty runs to the fielding side Your colleague The batsmen at the crease The fielding captain Each incoming batsman ASAP The batting captain Report the incident to the offenders management & to the Governing body
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Law 42 Player conduct

The captain is at all times responsible for his teams behaviour & discipline and must ensure that there is no ...
Breaches of The Spirit of Cricket Failure to comply with an umpires instructions Criticism of an umpires decision Showing of dissent Bringing the game into disrepute If the captain fails in these duties the umpires must act
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The umpires must act together they must ...
Inform the offenders captain of what occurred Instruct him to take immediate action Warn him of the gravity of the offence Tell him that the incident will be reported to the offenders management & to the Governing body
The ultimate sanction against offenders occurs after the 1 st offence These offences are considered most grave There must be no friendly warnings or second chances
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Law 22 The over

A bowler can change ends whenever his captain wishes
but he cannot bowl in consecutive overs
A bowler must complete that over unless

an innings has e nded, or he has be come ill or injure d and cannot continue , or he has be e n suspe nded from bowling for any re ason
If a bowler is unable to complete an over

anothe r bowle r must complete it unless the innings has e nde d O ne who has not bowle d in the pre vious ove r He cannot bowl in the ne xt
Any incomplete over at the start of an interval must be completed

whe n play re sume s unless the innings has e nded
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Penalty runs are NOT awarded for this offence
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Law 31 Timed-out
Following the fall of a wicket the incoming batsman has 3 minutes to be in a position to play
either to face the next ball ... or for his partner to do so unless the players have cause to leave the field If the incoming batsman is not ready to play within 3 minutes on Appeal he must be dismissed by the bowlers end umpire
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Timed-out
It is not possible to dismiss a batsman if you do not know who he is
You must wait until a batsman arrives at the crease before answering the appeal to dismiss him This dismissal is not possible if a session of play is not in progress If at the fall of a wicket an interval starts ... Timed-out is not possible because PLAY has not been called for the re-start of play
Timed-out
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Timed-out a protracted delay

If there is a protracted delay and if
no batsman comes to the wicket the umpires must investigate the reason/s If the umpires consider this action is NOT a refusal to play they must add the investigation-time to the hours of play extending play on that day The time taken from the end of the 3-minute period until the time play restarts If this occurs during the Last-hour no overs are deducted
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Law 37 Obstructing the field

To consider that a fielder has been obstructed ...
the obstruction must be Wilful The obstruction can be by word by deed something said a physical act
If in doubt the the umpires should consult and agree A batsman may not return the ball to a fielder without consent If he does so and consent is NOT been given or implied On Appeal the umpire must dismiss the offender
Obstructing the field

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RECORD the event for the scorers in your note book

Which batsman is out ?
He who obstructs the fielder is dismissed

Runs scored when an obstruction occurs ...
All runs completed before an obstruction are scored
The same as for a Run-out
unless
the obstruction prevents a catch then it is ALW AYS the striker who is dismissed even if he is the non-offender
The fact that he may be an innocent party is irrelevant
Plus
any NO-BALL or WIDE called & signalled and any Penalty runs awarded
If the striker legally hits the ball twice and in doing so he obstructs a catch On Appeal ... he must be dismissed
However if the obstruction prevents a catch being taken no runs are scored

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The bowler gains no credit for this dismissal

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The degree of difficulty of the catch must NOT be considered
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End of Module 3.4

Law 6 Law 18 Law 21 Law 13 Law 19 Law 32 Law 26 Law 41 Law 42 The bat Scoring runs The result The follow-on Boundaries Caught Byes & Leg-byes The fielder Fair & unfair play
These modules
New Zealand Cricket

by the

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Cricket Umpiring
Levels Modules
Module 3.5
Module 5
Law 6 Law 18 Law 21 Law 13 Law 19 Law 32 Law 26 Law 41 Law 42 The bat Scoring runs The result The follow-on Boundaries Caught Byes & Leg-byes The fielder Fair & unfair play
The handle & the blade

A bat comprises two parts a handle and the blade
The handle of the bat shall be made principally of cane or wood and shall not represent more than 52 % of the overall length The blade of the bat is in the main for striking the ball and comprises the face, back, sides, shoulder & toe however this does not prevent any other part of the bat being used to strike the ball The handle shall be glued into the blade with a minimal amount of adhesive No other materials shall be placed on or inserted into the blade which is not permitted No other methods of fixing are permitted
3 4
Measurements
These are detailed in Appendix E to the Laws
The overall length of the bat shall not exceed ... 38 inches (96.5 cm) The overall width of the bat shall not exceed ... 4 inches (10.8 cm) at its widest part There are no profile or weight restrictions
Grades of bats
Law 6 provides for 4 grades of bats ...
Grades A, B, C & D Grade A Grade B & C is the top grade and may be used at all levels
NZC playing conditions

NZC may require bats to conform in their higher grades while exempting some lower grades
Moratorium
and lower ... may be used in any grade approved by the Governing body There is an interim moratorium in place world-wide that .. as many players may have purchased their bats in good faith ... they should to be able to use them until the end of their natural life Unless match regulations specifically prohibit their use players should not be prevented from using bats that would otherwise be illegal
6
Grade D
and lower ... are not recognised by the laws
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How are bats graded?

While all newly manufactured bats should have their grade marked ungraded bats will still be available in retail shops Some will have the grade embossed on the blade shoulder Others will have a grade sticker on the back If applicable, bats without markings should attract umpire attention Grading can only be applied by the manufacturer
The re is no ne e d for any individual or Gove rning body to atte mpt to grade any bat as all bats may be use d in amateur cricke t until the e nd of the ir natural life provide d the y we re legal unde r the pre vious law 7
Commercial identification
Bats may have commercial identification on the blade ...
on the face ...
on the back ...
and on the sides ... all with limitations
Protection & Repair

Solely to protect the blade any surface may have additional protection
That protection shall not extend over the back of the blade unless it is a continuous wrap covering the damaged area and provided it does not materially alter the natural colour of the blade Anti-scuff material may be fitted to the face of the blade provided it is no thicker than 1 mm When fitted to the blade all such materials are additions to the bat and are deemed to be part of the bat during play
9
Construction of the blade

The blade of the bat shall be made entirely of wood
The surface of the blade may be treated to improve resistance to moisture and to mask natural blemishes Such treatment may not materially alter the colour of the blade other than to improve its appearance Adhesives are permitted only where essential and shall be of minimal quantity necessary
Only grade C bats may have cloth coverings on the blade Cloth coverings are not permitted in grade A & B bats
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Inserts
Solid materials may be inserted into grade B & C bats
provided that material is wood These may be side inserts ...
Toe protection
To prevent damage to the toe of a bat additional protection is permitted on all grades of bats but that protection shall not extend over any other surface
and/or toe inserts ...
A minimal quantity of adhesive shall be used

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A minimal quantity of adhesive shall be used
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Repair coverings
All grades of bats ...
may have plastic or similar taping for repair
Such materials shall not extend more than 0.79 inches (2 cm) on either side of the damaged area or be more than 0.04 inches (1 mm) thick
Approval of the bat

Law 3.6 requires the umpires to approve all implements used in a match ... before the toss This includes all bats
It is unusual for umpires to undertake this duty, however ... umpires should not normally be concerned however if both umpires agree that a bat seriously breaches the Laws they must include this in their match report to the Governing body for resolution
Grade C bats only ... The blade may be covered with a cloth material to a maximum thickness of 0.012 inches (0.3 mm) Any covering must not cause any unacceptable damage to the ball
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A player should not be prevented from using an ungraded bat
Is all this necessary?

In short ... unless the regulations require umpire action ...
umpires should not be unduly concerned Umpires cannot be expected to confirm all the details required but umpires must make visual inspections and confirm ...
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Inspecting a broken bat

If a bat is broken during play ... the umpires must inspect it for suspect materials
the applicable grading labels are present the length & width of bats conform nothing other than wood is visible in the blade itself coverings will not cause unacceptable damage to the ball side & toe inserts and external toe guard comply
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Should it appear that it might be illegal the umpires must furnish a report to the Governing body
Illegal bats
It all depends on when an illegal bat is noticed and if it is relevant to that match
If the umpires have followed the requirements of law and inspected all bats before the match this should never happen on the field-of-play In all cases the umpire should consult his colleague If a batsman uses or intends to use an illegal bat ...
the umpires should advise that batsman, his captain and the opposing captain of the breach If a legal bat is not available and provided both captains agree the captains must be informed that the breach requires reporting However the batsman should be permitted to play with that bat
17 18
The bat
Confirming the width
The bat must be no wider than 4 inches (10.8 cm) If in doubt the width must be measured Very few umpires will carry a measure or callipers onto the field-of-play However an alternative measure is at hand A bail should be 4 5/16 inches (10.95 cm) long That is 1/16 inch (1.56 mm) longer than the maximum permitted width of a bare bat If the bat (without taping) is as wide as a bail is long it does NOT comply
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A hand holding the bat

Any references to the bat means that it is being held by the batsman
The bat comprises
the bat itself including any repair & protective materials the hand or hands holding the bat any part of a glove on a hand holding the bat irrespective of the width of the wrist-band Therefore if the ball is struck by the bat or a hand holding the bat the striker gains credit for any runs scored the striker can be dismissed caught
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A hand holding the bat

If the ball contacts the strikers hand holding the bat
he can be dismissed caught and he can score runs
Law 18 Scoring runs

Runs are scored when ...
the batsmen cross and make good their ground from end to end while the ball is in-play a boundary is scored penalties are awarded e.g. No-balls - Wides - Penalty runs Lost-ball is called by a fielder Runs can be disallowed in some circumstances
21 22
Short runs
Short runs
are runs where a batsman failed to complete a run when starting the next If the umpire considers the act accidental when the ball becomes dead the respective umpire must call & signal SHORT-RUN to the scorers using the formal signal While the short run is NOT scored, the next run is Where that next run starts is irrelevant
When the ball is dead - with the sole exception of Out the bowlers end umpire must repeat all signals to the scorers
Short runs
Both umpires call & signal SHORT-RUN
If 2 runs were attempted only one run can be called short If more than 2 or more runs were attempted the umpires must call & signal DEAD-BALL to consult and confirm which run/s should NOT be scored If they confirm it was the same run - one run is NOT scored If they confirm that different runs were short then those runs are NOT to be scored In all cases where runs are called short the bowlers end umpire must re-signal the scorers to advise the number of runs to be scored
Signal 1 run or 2 runs to be scored etc as appropriate
23
Deliberate short runs

DELIBERATE Short-runs are unfair
If the umpire believes a batsman deliberately ran short when the ball becomes dead he should call & signal DEAD-BALL and consult his colleague to confirm his belief If they agree the prescribed procedures must be followed
RECORD the details in your note book
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1st offence in an innings by any batsman
Either umpire

2nd offence in an innings by any batsman
Either umpire
ACTION
When the ball becomes dead Issue FIRST & FINAL warning to both batsmen Disallow all runs scored off that ball Allow the runs awarded for penalties Return the batsmen to their original ends
INFORM
Your colleague The fielding captain Each incoming batsman ASAP The batting captain
ACTION
When the ball becomes dead Disallow all runs scored off that ball Allow the runs awarded for penalties Award 5 Penalty runs to the fielding side Return the batsmen to their original ends
INFORM
Your colleague The fielding captain Each incoming batsman ASAP The batting captain Report the incident to the offenders management & to the Governing body
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26

If the ball subsequently crosses the boundary
when a DELIBERATE short-run is attempted that boundary must be disallowed No-balls or Wides (if applicable) are scored Penalty runs (if applicable) are scored The ACTION & INFORM process must be invoked Bowled
Runs not scored

No runs are scored if the striker is dismissed
Caught Hit-wicket LB W Stumped Obstructing a catch If a batsman is dismissed any completed runs are scored ... Run-out Handled the ball Hit the ball twice Obstructing the field
except if obstructing a catch
The batsmen must return to their original ends when A boundary is scored Runs are disallowed An injured batsman runs himself out
e.g. illegal Leg-byes are disallowed
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There is a deliberate short run
Law 21 Correctness of the score

The umpires are responsible for correctness of score
This means the umpires must keep an over-view of the scorers and of the score-board
When they leave the field-of-play the umpires must confer with the scorers and agree on the final score Having accepted the result the umpires must then inform both captains Both captains must accept the result which cannot be overturned even if subsequent checking of the score-books suggests otherwise While it is not a requirement in law when the players & umpires leave the field ... as confirmation that the result has been correctly recorded both umpires should initial the final score-sheets
Statement of result
The side that scores the most runs is the winner ...
either by Wickets or by Runs If the side batting last achieves the target score they win by the number of Wickets yet to fall If the side batting last is All-out and failed to reach the target score their opponents win by the number of Runs scored more than their opponents If the side fielding last wins having batted only once and their opponents have batted twice the win is by an Innings & Runs
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Winning hit or Extras

As soon as the winning run is scored the match is over ...
1. The batting side requires 1 run to win when No-ball is called & signalled The match is over - the side batting last has won by Wickets 2. The batting side requires 1 run to win - the striker is Stumped off a Wide The Wide is scored the striker is NOT-OUT The match is over - the side batting last has won by Wickets 3. The batting side requires 1 run to win when the ball is hit to the boundary If the batsmen complete one run before the ball reaches the boundary that single run is scored - the boundary is not scored If the ball reaches the boundary before the batsmen complete a single the boundary is scored - the match is over
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A win two-innings match

In a two-innings match, the team that scores the most total runs in their two innings is declared the winner
A win one-innings match

There are two types of one-innings matches They are either played to Overs or to Time In a one-innings match, the team that scores most runs in their single innings is declared the winner
A win by Penalty runs

If they are otherwise All-out Penalty runs can be awarded to the batting side It is a win to that side by Penalty runs 32 This is a rare event - unlikely to occur in ones career
Result not to be changed

What happens if a mistake is found in the score-book after the result has been declared ? Can the result be overturned by administrators ?
Mistakes in scoring
Having left field-of-play a mistake is found in the score-book
provided Time & Overs permit the umpires must instruct both captains to resume play Play must then continue until either a result has been achieved, or time has been reached, and the allocated overs have been bowled Overs must NOT be deducted for time spent off the field
34
Absolutely Not
This clause is quite specific ... The result ... must be The result as declared by the umpires accepted by both captains must stand
This does not prevent administrators from reallocating points

33
RECORD the incident in your note book as a report may be necessary
Mistakes in scoring
If time has NOT been reached, or the required number of overs have NOT been bowled
but conditions prevent a return to the field The umpires must confer with the scorers ... The umpires must agree on the final score ... Having agreed on the amended result The umpires must then inform both captains of the true result Both captains must accept the amended result which cannot be overturned even if subsequent checking of the score-books suggests otherwise
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Mistakes in scoring
If play cannot continue ... the result as amended shall stand If play can continue and one captain refuses to
that constitutes a refusal to play
The umpires must award the match to the non-offending side An appeal is NOT necessary
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A Tie
A Tie can only be achieved if ...
the side batting last is All-out and having completed their innings they have failed to achieve the target score while there is time, or overs, or balls still to be bowled
A Draw
If the match is NOT won by either side ...
and it is NOT a Tie ...
the result is a Draw

In law, there can be no other result However in a two-innings match ... some competitions may permit a match to be won by one side by comparing only their first-innings scores i.e. a win by Runs or Wickets on the First-innings
Because that side is All-out the result is a Tie

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Umpires awarding a match

Should there be any action that might constitute a Refusal to play
the umpires must investigate the reason/s Having done so, if they believe the action does constitutes a Refusal to play, they must inform the captain that his actions constitute a Refusal to play, and advise him of the gravity of his action/s, and the likely outcome If the action continues the umpires must Award the match to the non-offending side An appeal is not necessary
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Umpires awarding a match

Should there be any action that might constitute a Refusal to play
the umpires must investigate the reason/s Having done so, if they believe the action DOES NOT constitute a refusal to play, they must calculate time lost from the start of investigation until play restarts, and add the time lost to end of days play If this delay occurs during the Last-hour of the match overs are NOT deducted
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Law 13 The follow-on

If the side batting second is All-out, and has not achieved a significant score ...
the captain of the side batting first can ask his opponent to follow-on their innings - to bat again This request is in fact an instruction The score that the side batting second must achieve is determined by the duration of the match - by the number of days If there has been play on the scheduled first day the match duration is unchanged If there has been no play on the scheduled first day the length of the match is reduced by one day
41
The follow-on
After the call of PLAY
play actually starts as soon as the bowler starts his run-up or bowling action If for any reason the start of play is delayed a day the duration of the match is shortened If there is no play at all on the first day the follow-on requirements are adjusted by one day If there is no play at all on the first two days the follow-on requirements are adjusted by two days Any loss of play on subsequent days is ignored
42
This has a major effect on the follow-on requirements
The follow-on provisions only apply to a delayed start
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Lead on first-innings
The lead on the first innings is predetermined by the number of scheduled days of the match
In a match of one-days duration In a match of two-days In a match of three or four-days In a match of five-days or more the follow-on score is the follow-on score is the follow-on score is the follow-on score is 75 runs 100 runs 150 runs 200 runs
How many runs required to avoid a follow-on ?

This is a question often asked of umpires & scorers
From the score the side batting first achieved subtract the follow-on score applicable then add one run Example
In a two-day match the side batting first scored Subtract the follow-on score for a two-day match That equals Then add one run Therefore the score the side batting second must achieve to avoid the follow-on is ... Never forget to add on the one run 183 runs 100 runs 83 runs 84 runs 84 runs
If no play is possible on the first day

the follow-on target score is reduced by one day
If no play is possible on the first two days

the follow-on target score is reduced by two days
If there is some play on the first day

43
the follow-on target score is unchanged - it is as above
44
The follow-on - Examples

A 2-day match with no play on the 1st day
It is now a 1-day match - follow-on figure is 75 runs
The follow-on - Examples

Do NOT forget to add on the 1 run
Take relevant follow-on figure from the 1 st sides total THEN add 1 run In a 5-day match the home side scores 534 runs Equals 335 runs 534 less 200 add 1
A 4-day match - with no play on the
1st
or 2nd
day
100 runs
It is now a 2-day match - follow-on figure is
Therefore the visitors must score 335 runs to avoid the follow-on In a 2-day match the visitors score 377 less 100 add 1 Equals Therefore the home side must score 277 runs to avoid the follow-on 377 runs 278 runs
A 5-day match - with no play on the 2nd or 3rd day

It remains a 5-day match - follow-on figure is still 200 runs
45 46
Law 19 - Boundaries
Before the toss ...
the umpires must agree on the boundaries and the boundary allowances If no other agreement is made the allowances are ... 4 runs if the ball reaches the boundary having contacted the ground or a participant within the boundary marking 6 runs if the ball is struck by the bat on the full onto, or over the boundary marking Having agreed on the boundary allowances the umpires must inform both captains and the scorers
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Boundaries
Obstacles within field of play ...
Decide before toss whether or not they are a boundary If they are NOT a boundary 48 the striker can be dismissed Caught off that obstruction
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Boundaries
Overhanging trees & bushes ...
Boundaries
Boundary fences & walls ...
Agree where the boundary is It is where the fence touches the ground This is a Boundary 4
50
Decide before toss whether or not they are a boundary If they are NOT a boundary 49 the striker can be dismissed Caught off that obstruction
If the ball goes through the fence on the full This is a Boundary 6
Boundaries
If there is no line between the markers ...
The boundary is an imaginary straight line between the markers The difference between a painted line and an imaginary one shows how much playing area can be lost
Boundaries
The actual boundary is that part of the line closest to the pitch ...
A Boundary is scored as soon as the ball contacts that front part of the rope or line closest to the pitch
Boundary 4
If the ball lands on the line or rope on the full or outside the field-of-play or is fielded outside the field-of-play
Boundary 6
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Boundary 4
If a fielder makes contact with the ball AND makes contact with the boundary a boundary is scored
Boundary 4
If a fielder makes contact with the ball AND makes contact with the boundary
A boundary is scored
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This is a Boundary 4
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Not-out caught Boundary 6

A fielder cannot lean on a fence or wall to take a catch

If the catch is completed with a foot on or outside ...
the boundary line This is a Boundary 6 an Appeal for Caught is invalid This is a Boundary 6
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56

A fielder completing a catch ...
Not-out Boundary 4
If a fielder has any part of their body on OR over the boundary and ...
the ball makes contact with their body with one or both feet over the boundary line This is a Boundary 6
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Not-out Boundary 4
Although the ball has not reached the boundary ...
The boundary is re-defined to be in-front of the sight-screen
Sight-screens
By law - sight-screens are always outside the boundary
the fielder has some part of her body grounded outside the field-of-play
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Sight-screens
If the ball contacts the sight-screen a boundary is scored
Overthrows
Overthrows occur when ...
a fielder throws or kicks the ball, and that act permits the batsmen to complete or score more runs The act of throwing/kicking may be accidental or deliberate
On the full Boundary 6
The moment of the act is crucial

Bounce in Boundary 4 Roll under Boundary 4 At the instant of the act the umpires must determine exactly where the running batsmen are i.e. if they have crossed on that run or not
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Boundaries & Overthrows

The ball is overthrown to the boundary ...
The position of the batsmen at the instant of the throw ... determines how many runs are scored If at that instant the batsmen have crossed completed runs and the run in progress are scored AND are added to the boundary allowance (4 runs) If at that instant the batsmen have NOT crossed completed runs are scored AND are added to the boundary allowance (4 runs) 63 The run in progress is NOT scored
Runs exceeding the allowance

The total runs scored may exceed the boundary allowance
The runs completed at the instant of an overthrow are scored and the run in progress provided they have crossed at the instant of the act The boundary allowance (4 runs) is scored Any No-ball or Wide is scored Any award of Penalty runs are scored This is consistent with the provisions for illegal fielding
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Law 32 - Caught
Only the striker can be dismissed Caught
On Appeal this decision is made by the bowlers end umpire If he has a doubt that the ball was properly caught he may call & signal DEAD-BALL and consult his colleague who may have been in a better position to SEE the catch If a doubt remains the striker must be given the benefit of that doubt
Caught
This dismissal is NOT permitted off a No-ball and it is impossible off a Wide
If the batsman is dismissed Caught no runs are scored even if a run has been completed before the catch
The not-out non-striker is not required to change ends
NOT-OUT
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RECORD the dismissal in your note book
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Caught
This dismissal can only occur if the ball has been struck by the strikers ...
bat, or a hand holding the bat The act of taking the catch ... starts when the fielder makes first contact with the ball, and ends when he has complete control over both the ball, and his own movement
During the act of catching, the fielder can leave the field-of-play and return provided he was not in contact with the ball outside the field-of-play
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A fair catch
It is a fair catch if the ...
catch is completed within the field-of-play catch is completed by another fielder ball is hugged to the body of the fielder ball is accidentally lodges in clothing of a fielder ball lodges in wicket-keepers pads ball rebounds off an umpire or either batsman ball is caught after it has been legally hit a second time ball is in a hand and that hand is touching the ground provided the ball does not touch ground
Not-out - Caught
It is NOT a fair catch if ...
the catch is starts or is completed outside the field-of-play NO-BALL has been called & signalled the ball makes contact with the ground before being caught the ball lodges in the clothing of an umpire the ball lodges in a helmet worn by a batsman or fielder the ball lodges in the clothing or equipment of a batsman the ball rebounds off a helmet worn by a fielder the ball is illegally fielded the striker is out Bowled 69 Caught takes precedence over all dismissals except Bowled
70
Not-out - Caught
The striker cannot be dismissed caught if ...
the ball becomes trapped between his bat and person OR between items of his clothing or equipment
The umpire must call & signal
DEAD-BALL
A boundary catch
The fielders first contact with the ball must be when some part of his person is grounded within the boundary or If the fielder is airborne his final contact with the ground before touching the ball must be inside the boundary If a fielder is outside the boundary then jumps to catch or to deflect the ball back inside the boundary it is a Boundary 6
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Caught on the boundary

Although the hand is in the air over the boundary line ...
This is a FAIR catch
the fielder is standing inside the boundary
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Caught on the boundary

Although the hand is in the air over the boundary fence ...
Law 26 Byes & Leg-byes

Byes & Leg-byes are Fielding extras
They are NOT Bowling extras i.e. a No-ball or Wide Fielding extras occur when runs are scored
there is no part of the fielders person in contact with the fence
WITHOUT the ball contacting the strikers bat, or a hand holding the bat They are not debited against the bowler Any runs scored are credited to appropriate Fielding extras Fielding extras are counted as balls of the over They must not be re-bowled
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This is a FAIR catch
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Byes
If any ball, other than a No-ball or Wide
passes the striker without touching his bat or person and runs are scored
Leg-byes
If any ball, other than a No-ball ...
makes contact with the striker but not his bat having made a genuine attempt to hit the ball with his bat, or he made some attempt to avoid being hit by the ball and runs are completed When the ball becomes dead the umpire must signal the scorers using the formal Leg-bye signal A call is NOT required
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When the ball becomes dead the umpire must signal the scorers using the formal Bye signal A call is NOT required
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Leg-byes disallowed
Leg-byes can only be allowed if the striker ...
made a genuine attempt to play the ball with his bat, or he made some movement to avoid being hit by the ball
i.e. to avoid injury If the umpire is satisfied that NEITHER of these two criteria were met when the batsmen have completed one run OR when the ball reaches the boundary he must call & signal DEAD-BALL to disallow the run/s, and return the batsmen to their original ends
Legitimate Leg-byes
Did the striker make a genuine attempt to play the ball with his bat ?
Only one of these is legitimate stroke

77
No runs are scored except for a No-ball if applicable
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Which one ?
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Avoiding injury
Did the striker attempt to avoid being hit by the ball ?
If the umpire is satisfied he did
when the ball becomes dead all runs scored off that delivery must be signalled as Leg-byes
Disallowed Leg-byes
Did the striker playing a genuine stroke at the ball ?
If YES
When the ball becomes dead all runs scored off that delivery must be signalled as Leg-byes
If the umpire is satisfied he did not

when one run is completed, or when the ball reaches the boundary the umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL to disallow the Leg-byes
If NO
When one run is completed, or when the ball reaches the boundary the umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL to disallow the Leg-byes THEN direct the batsmen to return to their original ends
THEN direct the batsmen to return to their original ends No runs are scored
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No runs are scored

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No-balls & Leg-byes

If NO-BALL is called & signalled and then the striker ...
makes a genuine attempt to play the ball with his bat, or moves to avoid being hit by the ball and runs ensue the correct signal is
End of Module 3.5

Law 8 Law 28 Law 29 Law 31 Law 35 Law 38 Law 18 Law 24 Law 42 Law 39
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The wicket The wicket is down Batsman out of his ground Bowled Hit-wicket Run-out Scoring runs No-ball Fair & unfair play Stumped
No-balls then Byes

This informs the scorers that the runs are to scored as No-ball extras and not be credited to the striker or debited to the wicket-keeper
It is incorrect to signal No-ball then Leg-byes

These signals may upset an inexperienced captain, keeper or bowler and may require the umpire to give a brief explanation that the bowler is debited for all runs as No-ball extras The wicket-keeper is NOT debited with the Byes
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These modules
New Zealand Cricket

by the

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Cricket Umpiring
Levels Modules
Module 3.6
Module 6
Law 8 Law 28 Law 29 Law 31 Law 35 Law 38 Law 18 Law 24 Law 42 Law 39 The wicket The wicket is down Batsman out of his ground Bowled Hit-wicket Run-out Scoring runs No-ball Fair & unfair play Stumped
Law 8 The wickets - Specifications

The stumps & bails must be made of wood
Each stump must be cylindrical and have a diameter of no less than 1 3/8 inches (3.49 cm), and be no more than 1 inches (3.81 cm) The tops must be dome shaped with grooves When fitted in place the points of each stump must be centred on the back edge of each bowling crease, and exactly 9 inches (22.9 cm) wide be no more than 28 inches (71.1 cm) above the ground When the two bails are fitted the height should be exactly 28 inches (72.28 cm)
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Checking the wickets

The wickets are pitched centred on the Bowling crease, and ...
on an imaginary centre line from middle stump to middle stump
When in place the stumps are ...

28 inches high & 9 inches wide that is 71.1 cm high & 22.9 cm wide plus the bails a further inch that is 1.27 cm giving an overall height of 28 inches that is 72.28 cm
The stumps correctly pitched

The correct positioning of the stumps is on the back edge of the Bowling crease ... NOT on the centre
of the painted line
The bails - Specifications

The bails must be made of wood and have
an overall length of 4 5/16 inches (10.95 cm) the barrel length of 2 1/8 inches (5.40 cm) the longer spigot of 1 3/8 inches (3.49 cm) the shorter spigot of 13/16 inches (2.06 cm) Umpires must check these measurements before the toss Alternatively use their own bails
When fitted the bails should not project more than inch (1.27 cm) above the stumps and should not to force stumps out of a vertical position
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Law 28 The wicket is down

The wicket is down when ...
The wicket is down

Completely removed does NOT mean dislodged ...
one bail is completely removed both bails are completely removed from the top of the stumps, or from the top of the stumps
These bails are NOT completely removed They are dislodged The wicket is NOT down
The wicket is down
The wicket is down bails on

Removing the bails ... the right way
One bail is dislodged One bail is completely removed from top of stumps
The wicket is down
Removing the bail/s with the ball in-hand
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Removing the bails ... the right way

Throwing the wicket down ... the right way
Removing the bails with the arm, and with the ball in the hand of that arm Completely removing one or both bails
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The wicket is down bails off

Throwing the wicket down the right way

Breaking the wicket ... the right way
removing the stump completely from the ground with the ball in-hand
Completely removing a stump from the ground
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Breaking the wicket ... the wrong way

The stump has been removed but the ball is NOT in that hand
A bail has been removed but NOT with the ball in-hand
NOT-OUT
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NOT-OUT


NOT-OUT
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NOT-OUT
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Remaking the wicket

A fielder can re-make the wicket at any time
by refitting one or both bails, or if both wickets are removed from the ground, by refitting one or both wickets back in an original hole
Dispensing with bails

In windy conditions ...
the umpires can decide to dispense with bails This is a decision solely for the umpires to make
The bails must be removed from the wickets at both ends The fielding captain and the batsmen have no voice
Umpires can only re-make the wicket

when the ball is dead They should NOT do so at any other time
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The bails must be replaced as soon as conditions permit A good reason why umpires should have heavy bails
Playing without bails

Having dispensed with the bails ...
the umpire must decide if wicket has been put down
(as described) The degree of force required to remove a bail is NOT an issue provided the umpire has SEEN the wicket struck (as described) the wicket must be deemed as being down
Law 29 A batsmans ground

A batsman can only have one ground
His only safe ground is behind HIS popping crease The popping creases extend to the boundary
The complete removal of a stump is NOT required
The non-striker's ground is behind HIS popping crease
The striker's ground is behind HIS popping crease
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Batsmen crossed
Batsmen are not required to cross mid-pitch
They can cross at any point between the popping creases
A batsmans ground
While the ball is in-play ... a batsman can leave his ground to score runs
They have NOT crossed they are equal they have NOT crossed They have crossed they seek ownership of the other end
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Having crossedand made good their ground from end-to-end one run is added to the batting side's score
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Batsmen crossing
If the batsmen cross ...
they seek ownership of the other ground
A batsmans ground
GROUNDED BEHIND
These key words must guide an umpire when determining whether the batsman is in HIS ground he must be BOTH It is not good enough for the batsman to be ON the popping crease at his end The batsman or his bat-in-hand must be behind the popping crease marking
The key word is CROSSED If they have NOT crossed they have left their safe ground and may be dismissed
Two exceptions apply to a batsman having properly regained his ground

If he jumps or leaves his ground to avoid being hit by the ball, or ... In his momentum he has a total lack of contact with the ground behind the crease In both cases he is safe from dismissal
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Batsman out-of-his-ground
The batsman is out-of-his-ground if he does not have
his person or his bat (in hand)
Batsman out-of-his-ground
Is the batsman in his ground ?
NO the bat is not in-hand NO the bat is not in-hand
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grounded behind HIS popping crease
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Law 30 - Bowled
Only the striker can be dismissed Bowled
If necessary an appeal is answered by the bowlers end umpire
An appeal is not always required the batsman Walks The striker is entitled to wait until he is dismissed by the umpire If he has a doubt that the wicket was properly broken the umpire may consult his colleague DEAD-BALL who may have been in a better position to SEE No runs are scored This dismissal is not permitted off a No-ball This dismissal is impossible off a Wide Never dismiss a batsman if he Walks He is demonstrating good sportsmanship
Bowled
On appeal striker must be dismissed Bowled
if the ball-in-play breaks his wicket having been fairly delivered even if it hit his bat or person first
The striker is vulnerable to being dismissed Bowled

until the ball has been touched by a fielder Thereafter a dismissal is only possible in some other way
Played-on is not a method of dismissal

e.g.
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having played a defensive stroke the striker kicks the ball onto his wicket he is out - Bowled
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How out ?
A match scenario
A fair ball is delivered
it hits the striker on the pads then his bat it then breaks the wicket and is then caught by the wicket-keeper ... not a NO-BALL
Law 35 Hit-wicket
Only the striker can be dismissed Hit-wicket
If necessary an appeal is answered by the strikers end umpire LB W ? Bowled ? Caught ?
An appeal is not always required the batsman Walks The striker is entitled to wait until he is dismissed by the umpire If he has a doubt that the wicket was properly broken the umpire may consult his colleague DEAD-BALL who may have been in a better position to SEE No runs are scored This dismissal is NOT permitted off a No-ball This dismissal IS possible off a Wide Never dismiss a batsman if he Walks He is demonstrating good sportsmanship
who while the striker is out-of-his-ground breaks the stumps with the ball in-hand ... Stumped ?
Bowled takes precedence over all other dismissals This dismissal is Bowled
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Hit-wicket
On appeal
the striker must be dismissed Hit-wicket if while he is receiving or preparing to receive a delivery even if the ball hit his bat or person first his wicket is broken by his person or equipment or part of his equipment i.e. part of his broken bat The striker is vulnerable to being dismissed Hit-wicket
from the time the bowler enters his delivery stride, until he sets off for his first run immediately after playing the ball, or after he has had an opportunity to play the ball a second time while legally attempting to guard his wicket
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Hit-wicket
The striker is NOT-OUT Hit-wicket if the bowler
fails to deliver the ball DEAD-BALL or has not entered his delivery stride
The striker is NOT-OUT Hit-wicket if

the striker is avoiding the ball being throw in, or the striker is trying to get back into his ground to avoid being run-out or stumped, or the striker is in the normal act of running (other than setting out for the first run) there is a delay after the striker plays at the ball, and before he sets off on his first run
Hit-wicket
The striker must be dismissed Hit-wicket if
Law 38 Run-out
On appeal either batsman can be dismissed Run-out
If necessary an appeal is answered by the respective umpire
An appeal is not always required the batsman Walks The batsman is entitled to wait until he is dismissed If there is a doubt that the wicket was properly broken the umpire may consult his colleague DEAD-BALL who may have been in a better position to SEE
his hat/helmet falls onto his stumps or he steps back onto his stumps
All completed runs are scored

The run in progress is NOT scored This dismissal IS permitted off a No-ball and off a Wide
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and breaks them - with anything other than the ball
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Never dismiss a batsman if he Walks He is demonstrating good sportsmanship
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Run-out
On appeal a batsman must be dismissed Run-out if ...
while the ball is in-play his wicket is fairly broken he is out-of-his-ground
Run-out
A batsman is NOT-OUT if ...
while the ball is in-play having made good his ground he leaves it to avoid possible injury (Law 29)
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Who is Run-out ?
When both batsmen are out of their ground ...
Who is Run-out ?
If a batsman remains in his ground ...
It is the batsman nearest the broken wicket who is out In this case - the striker is Run-out
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he is NOT-OUT
Who is Run-out ?
The non-striker remains his ground
Not-out - Run-out
A batsman CANNOT be run-out ...
if the ball rebounds directly off a fielder's helmet onto the wicket The ball remains in-play A subsequent run-out attempt may be made If the ball is hit directly onto the opposite wicket and it is NOT touched by a fielder the batsman is NOT-OUT
The striker has left his safe ground

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There must be some intervening act by a fielder

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On Appeal he must be dismissed Run-out
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Run-out off a No-ball

If the striker is not attempting a run ...
he cannot be dismissed run-out off a No-ball by a fielder acting alone, or by the wicket-keeper, or any combination of both e.g.
Run-out Runs scored

Any runs completed before a Run-out are scored
A batsman is Run-out attempting a 3 rd run The 2 completed runs are scored Together with any penalty for a No-ball or Wide, and any Penalty runs awarded by the umpire
The not-out batsman

goes to and takes ownership of the end he is closest to
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NOT OUT
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Law 39 - Stumped
On appeal only the striker can be dismissed Stumped
If necessary an appeal is answered by the strikers end umpire
An appeal is not always required the batsman Walks The batsman is entitled to wait until he is dismissed If there is a doubt that the wicket was properly broken the umpire may consult his colleague DEAD-BALL who may have been in a better position to SEE
Stumped
On appeal the striker must be dismissed Stumped
if the wicket-keeper acting alone breaks HIS wicket while the striker is out-of-his-ground and provided he was not in the act of running
The wicket-keeper must break HIS wicket

with the ball-in-hand, or by kicking or throwing the ball onto his wicket, or by the ball rebounding onto his wicket off his pads or person but not off his helmet
No runs are scored except for any WIDE called

This dismissal IS permitted off a Wide This dismissal is NOT permitted off a No-ball
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Never dismiss a batsman if he Walks He is demonstrating good sportsmanship
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Stumped
On appeal the striker can be dismissed Stumped off a Wide The striker is NOT-OUT if it was a NO-BALL, or if the ball was deflected off a helmet worn by any fielder
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Stumped
A match scenario ...
The scores are equal when WIDE is called & signalled the match is over on that call The Wide is scored any appeal must be disallowed A result has been achieved by the side batting last
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A bowlers delivery stride defined

His delivery stride starts when he lands his back foot and finishes when he lands his front foot
Anything that happens BEFORE he enters his delivery stride
Law 42 Unfair play

BEFORE delivery the bowler is permitted to attempt to run-out the non-striker ...
If the non-striker is backing-up too far This is UNFAIR There is only a brief window of opportunity for the bowler to attempt this The ball must be in-play It must occur BEFORE the bowler enters his delivery stride
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must be in this time-line
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Unfair play
BEFORE delivery the bowler is permitted to attempt to run-out the non-striker ... If successful ...
the bowlers end umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL then On Appeal dismiss the non-striker Run-out That ball is NOT counted as a ball of the over because the striker never faced it It must be re-bowled
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Unfair play
BEFORE delivery the bowler is permitted to attempt to run-out the non-striker ... If un-successful ...
or if the bowler has already entered his delivery stride The umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL and disallow any appeal That ball is NOT counted as a ball of the over because the striker never faced it It must be re-bowled
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Inform the scorers RECORD the incident in your note book
Law 24 No-ball
BEFORE delivery the bowler is permitted to throw the ball in an attempt to run-out the striker ... If successful ...
Either umpire must call & signal NO-BALL then DEAD-BALL On Appeal, dismiss the striker Run-out - NOT Bowled That ball is NOT counted as a ball of the over because it was a No-ball It must be re-bowled
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No-ball
BEFORE delivery the bowler is permitted to throw the ball in an attempt to run-out the striker ... If un-successful ...
Either umpire must call & signal NO-BALL and disallow any appeal Play may continue until the ball becomes dead That ball is NOT counted as a ball of the over because it was a No-ball It must be re-bowled
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Law 42 Batmen stealing a run

While the ball is in-play the batsmen attempt to steal a run This UNFAIR act is a rare event in the modern game The bowler is permitted to attempt to run-out either batsman
Batmen stealing a run

Attempting to steal a run - is UNFAIR
When the batsmen have crossed the umpire must
ACTION
Call & signal DEAD-BALL Return the batsmen to their original ends Award 5 Penalty runs to the fielding side
INFORM
If successful
that batsman must be dismissed - Run-out
If un-successful ...
either umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL as soon as the batsmen have crossed, and invoke the ACTION & INFORM procedures
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Report the incident to the offenders management & to the Governing body RECORD the incident in your note book
End of Module 3.6

These modules
Law 9 Law 24 Law 24 Law 36
The creases Mode of delivery No-ball LB W (the feet)
New Zealand Cricket

by the

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Cricket Umpiring
Levels Modules
Module 3.7
Module 7
Law 9 Law 24 Law 24 Law 36 The creases Mode of delivery No-ball LB W (the feet)
Law 9 The creases

The names given to the crease markings are of vital interest to players and umpires
The actual creases are the edges of each marking closest to the umpire
The creases - measurements

These markings are of vital interest to players and umpires
All measurements are taken from an imaginary centre-line through the centre of the pitch and from the back edge of the Bowling crease
22 yards (20.12 me tre s) from the other e nd The Popping cre ase is EXACTLY 4 fe e t (1.32 me tres) in front of the Bowling cre ase and no le ss than 12 fe et (3.66 metres) long
All creases must be painted in WHITE
Popping crease
The Bowling cre ase is EXACTLY 8 fe e t 8 inche s (2.64 me tre s) long Bowling crease The two Re turn cre ases must be no le ss than 8 fe e t (2.44 metres) long
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Return creases
Remarking the creases

The creases must be remarked whenever either umpire deems it necessary
Law 24 Mode of delivery

At the start of a bowlers spell the umpire must ask the bowler of his Mode of delivery
A bowler is either Right-handed or Left-handed He can bowl either Over the wicket or Round the wicket This information must be conveyed to the striker who may then take Guard to suit If the bowler fails to give this information, or if he changes his Mode without informing the umpire that umpire must call & signal
NO-BALL
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Mode of delivery
Mode of delivery
Right-arm over the wicket OR Right-arm round the wicket
Left-arm round the wicket OR Left-arm over the wicket

The bowler must inform the umpire of any change in his Mode of delivery If he delivers a ball having failed to inform the umpire the bowlers end umpire must call & signal
NO-BALL
The creases
Thus the striker can expect the ball to be delivered from within these zones ...
The creases
If the bowler changes his Mode, or delivers the ball substantially outside these areas ...
To the umpires left The strikers right
To the umpires right
OR
The strikers left
The umpire must call & signal NO-BALL

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Law 24 No ball the back foot

In the delivery stride ... the bowlers back foot must LAND within and not touch the Return Crease The delivery stride starts when ... the bowler lands his back foot prior to delivery
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No-ball the back foot

This back foot placement is FAIR
The back foot has LANDED inside the Return Crease
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This back foot placement is UNFAIR
The back foot has LANDED inside the Return Crease but it is also touching it The back foot ON the Return Crease is unacceptable

This back foot placement is UNFAIR
The back foot has LANDED outside the Return Crease
The back foot outside the Return Crease is unacceptable NO-BALL

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NO-BALL
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This back foot placement is FAIR
The back foot has LANDED inside the Return Crease
No-ball the front foot

In the delivery stride ... some part of the bowlers front foot whether grounded or raised must be
It is overhanging but not touching the Return Crease This is acceptable

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behind the Popping Crease The delivery stride starts when ... the bowler lands his back foot prior to delivery

This front foot placement is FAIR
The front foot is LANDED behind the Popping Crease

Part of the front foot is LANDED behind the Popping Crease
This is acceptable
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This is acceptable
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Part of the front foot is raised but behind the Popping Crease

This front foot placement is UNFAIR
Part of the front foot is on but it is NOT behind the Popping Crease
The whole of the front foot infront of the Popping Crease is unacceptable This is acceptable NO-BALL
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This front foot placement is UNFAIR
No part of the front foot is behind the Popping Crease

The front foot is LANDED behind the Popping Crease even though it is outside the Return Crease
The whole of the front foot infront of the Popping Crease is unacceptable
This is acceptable NO-BALL

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A sliding foot - this front foot placement is FAIR
Part of the front foot is LANDED behind the Popping Crease BEFORE sliding over the crease
No-ball crossing over

On occasions a bowler may cross over the imaginary centre-line to deliver the ball on the opposite side
If the front foot lands entirely over that line This is unfair NO-BALL
This is acceptable
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If the front foot is lands on or is raised over that imaginary line This is fair
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No-ball
Bowling from behind the umpire ...
is NOT automatically unfair The angle of delivery must be considered
If the ball is delivered comparatively close to the umpire he must be reasonably sure that the back foot was inside the Return Crease
No-ball
Bowling from behind the umpire
If the ball travels down the pitch at an angle ...
the umpire may consider that the back foot was not inside the Return Crease extension If the umpire is NOT entirely satisfied that the back foot complies he must call & signal ... NO-BALL
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Law 24 Penalty for a No-ball

A penalty is invoked on the call & signal of NO-BALL
1 run is awarded INSTANTLY and is scored irrespective of what happens next A No-ball is a Bowling extra debited against the bowler The 1 run penalty is scored as a No-ball extra
That ball must be re-bowled
The strikers side defined

The striker must know which side the bowler intends delivering the ball
The bowler and the umpire must know which side is the Leg-side
Any additional runs are scored and are credited to the striker if off the bat or as No-ball extras If not off the bat the signals are No-ball then Bye
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The opposite side is called the O ff-side
The strike rs O n-side is the side he takes whe n the ball comes into play This is also calle d the Le g-side
Some competitions vary the penalty
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The side is set when the bowler starts his run-up
Reverse sweep-shots
The sides are set when the bowler starts his run-up or his bowling action
If the striker changes his stance to play a Reverse sweep-shot ... the bowler has the option to bowl the ball or not The field, if legal when the bowler started his run-up, remains legal and the on-side & off-side remain legitimate
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Law 36 Leg-Before-Wicket
Only the striker can be dismissed L B W
This decision is made by the bowlers end umpire
an appeal is always required a batsman rarely Walks
The striker is entitled to wait until an appeal is answered

The strikers end umpire should not offer any assistance to his colleague other than indicating the height of the impact No other assistance should be sought or given
No runs are scored when a batsman is dismissed L B W This dismissal is not permitted off a No-ball and is impossible off a Wide
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No two deliveries are the same

There are so many variables in every delivery ...
While it may appear some balls are similar, they never are ... Where was the ball delivered from ? When & how was the ball released ? Was the delivery fast or slow ? Was it straight delivery, or did it spin ? If so, which way ? How did the ball travel through the air ? Was the seam to the left or right ? Was the shiny side to the left or right ? Where did the ball land ? Did the ball land on a seam ? How did the ball move after it pitched ?
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Out - Leg-Before-Wicket
The umpire must ask himself four questions ... and he must answer them all YES
If he answers any of these questions is NO OR if he has any doubt

the striker MUST be given the benefit of that doubt with the call of
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NOT-OUT
It can be seen that every ball must be considered on its own merits
Leg Before Wicket playing a stroke

On appeal, the umpire must answer 4 questions YES
Having confirmed it was a fair ball not a NO-BALL
1 2 3 4 If the ball pitched, was that between wicket & wicket, or on the Off-side ? Was the FIRST point of interception the strikers person, or equipment and not his bat ? Was the FIRST point of interception between wicket & wicket ? Had the ball had not been intercepted, would it have hit the wicket ? 4 1 2 3
LBW NOT playing a stroke

If the striker was NOT playing a genuine stroke ...
If the ball pitched was it in line between wicket & wicket or on the off-side ? Was the FIRST point of interception the strikers person, or equipment and not his bat ? Was that FIRST point of impact in line between wicket & wicket, or on the off-side ? In the umpires opinion would the ball have gone on to hit the wicket ?
If you have any doubt or answer NO to any question 33 The striker must be given NOT-OUT
If any answer to any of these questions is NO

the striker is NOT-OUT
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Question 1
Did the ball pitch in a line between wicket & wicket, or on the off-side ?
Question 2
Was the FIRST point of impact the strikers person, dress or equipment and not his bat ?
If the ball pitched in line with the stumps or on the off-side The answer is YES go to Question 2
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If the ball pitched anywhere outside the line of leg-stump
call NOT-OUT
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if YES go to the Question 3
if the ball struck the bat first call NOT-OUT
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Question 3 is in two parts Was he playing a shot or not ?

(a) If he was playing a shot was the FIRST point of impact between wicket & wicket ?
(b)
If he was NOT playing a shot - Was the FIRST impact between wicket & wicket or on the off-side ?
if YES
go to the Question 4
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if NO call NOT-OUT
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if YES go to the Question 4
if NO call NOT-OUT
If he was NOT playing a shot go to the Part (b)
Question 4
Had the ball not been intercepted in your opinion would the ball have hit the wicket ?
Out - Leg-Before-Wicket
Have you made your decision ? OUT or NOT-OUT
T oo high going ove r the stumps NO T -O UT Pitche d outside line of leg-stump NO T -O UT In line with the stumps YES Inside the line of off-stump YES
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If you have a slightest doubt of any point - you must call
NOT-OUT
Let us look at these four balls
LBW other issues

Your answer to an appeal should never be rushed
Take your time
Those few moments of deliberation will serve you well Practice does makes perfect Gain a reputation of being hard to get an affirmative L B W decision
Leg-Before-Wicket
Question 4 Would the ball have hit the wicket ?
Consider the angle of delivery The wider the delivery the more likely it will miss the stumps Consider the angle of deflection necessary to hit the stumps If the striker makes a genuine attempt to hit the ball the interception must be between wicket & wicket
Other issues that must be considered include ...

The The The The The
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height of the point of impact noise of a bat & pad together effect of the ball swinging before and after pitching balls travel distance after pitching and before contact effects of a new or old ball on a hard or soft pitch
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The straighter the delivery the easier it is to judge any deflection
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LBW a swinging delivery

An in swinging delivery How far did the ball swing ? How far is too much ? An out swinging delivery How far did it swing ? How far is too much ? Where was it intercepted ? Would it have hit the stumps ?
LBW the travel distance

4 metres 3 2
From where the ball pitched to the point of interception is the Travel distance These marks give some indication of where a ball could pitch ... and three SHORT travelling distances
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LBW point of interception

Question 4 Would the ball have hit the wicket ? From the point of interception ...
LBW playing forward

Question 4 Would the ball have hit the wicket ? If the point of first interception was metre or more in front of his Popping crease ...
how much further would the ball have to travel to hit the wicket ? The greater this distance the more difficult it is for the umpire to be absolutely certain that the ball would have gone on to hit the wicket
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assuming the ball continues on the same path after impact ... that 2 metres of further movement makes it difficult to judge that the ball would have gone on to hit the wicket
LBW playing back

LBW height of interception

How high was the point of interception - playing forward ? Would the ball have gone over the top of the wicket ?
If the first point of impact is less than 1 metre in front of the wicket ... i.e. behind the popping crease
assuming the ball would have continued on the same path after impact that short distance makes it e asier to judge the path of the ball
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LBW bounce
What was the condition of the pitch ? What was the condition of the ball ?
A hard pitch and a hard ne w ball the ball bounce s much higher A hard pitch the ball bounce s higher A soft pitch the ball ke eps low A hard ne w ball bounce s higher A soft ball ke e ps low
LBW Full-tossed delivery

Firm or soft ? New or used ? If the ball is intercepted outside the line of Leg-stump ... The striker cannot be dismissed L B W
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A soft pitch and a soft ball the ball ke eps much lowe r
Was it straight ?
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Was it an out-swinger ?
Was it an in-swinger ?
It is vital to pick up the flight of the ball early
LBW Intercepted full-toss

When judging an intercepted full-tossed delivery ...
it is deemed that the path of the ball before interception would be the same after interception
LBW Intercepted full-toss

When judging a ball intercepted on the FULL
any possible spin or turn or deviation off the pitch
irrespective of whether it would have subsequently pitched

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must be ignored
LBW The strikers stance

The Leg-side/Off-side of the wicket is determined ...
by the strikers stance the moment the ball comes into play for that delivery
L B W final comments
Throughout your day you may receive 100 appeals for LBW
If you answered NOT-OUT to them all statically you will have got more that 95% right
Never dismiss a batsman LBW without due consideration

Take a moment to reflect on what you have SEEN Then if you are certain all the facts confirm he is out ...
Signal Leg-side Off-side

i.e. reverse sweep - the striker changing over during bowlers run up
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If you have any doubt you must call ...
NOT-OUT
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Law 12 Law 14 Law 15 Law 16 The innings Declarations & Forfeitures Intervals Start of play; Cessation of play
These modules
New Zealand Cricket

by the

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Cricket Umpiring
Levels Modules
Module 3.8
Module 8
Law 12 Law 14 Law 15 Law 16 The innings Declarations & Forfeitures Intervals Start of play; Cessation of play
Law 12 The innings

Before the toss the umpires must confirm ... with the captains ...
The duration of the match i.e. the hours of play Whether it is a one-innings match or a two-innings match i.e. whether each side can bat once or twice Whether the match will be played to Time or as a Limited-over match These issues may be pre-arranged by Competition regulations If it is a 2-innings match each innings must be taken alternatively unless there is a follow-on or forfeiture of innings
A complete innings
An innings is deemed complete when ...
A side is all out At the fall of a wicket, further balls remain to be bowled and there is no batsman available to come in to bat The captain declares his innings closed The captain forfeits his innings before a ball is bowled The prescribed number of overs has been bowled The prescribed time has been reached
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A complete innings
If there are no other batsmen available to come in ...
the innings is closed They are deemed to be All-out This could occur be because of absences, or insufficient nominated players
Toss for innings

The toss for innings must be made on the field-of-play
no earlier than 30 minutes before the agreed time to start, and no later than 15 minutes before the agreed time to start, and in the presence of one of the umpires
i.e. the match is scheduled to start at 2.00 pm the toss must be taken between 1.30 pm & 1.45 pm
The captain winning the toss must inform the other captain, and the umpires of his decision to bat or field immediately A toss once made & decision conveyed cannot be changed under any circumstances Only the nominated captain or his authorised deputy can toss for innings
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Law 14 Declarations & Forfeitures

The captain may declare his innings closed at any time provided the ball is dead
unless the competition regulations decree otherwise
Law 15 Scheduled intervals

Scheduled intervals are ...
Meals Drinks Change of innings Overnight Any other agreed breaks the players leave the field the players stay on the field the players leave the field the players leave the field
This could be several days later
A captain may forfeit either of his innings at any time before the start of that innings
If either of these two options are exercised ...
that captain must inform the other captain, and the umpires to permit the incoming batting captain to have his allowed 7 minutes of rolling - if he so requests Any additional time required must be taken out of playing time Time is NOT added to the hours of play
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the players may leave the field
Any other unscheduled break in play is an interruption

i.e. illness or injury official visitors etc
Agreement on intervals
Prior to the toss the captains must agree on
The hours of play The timing and duration of all intervals Intervals for meals Then inform the umpires Lunch, Tea etc who must inform the scorers
Change of innings
The interval for a change of innings is 10 minutes
If play is in progress when a change of innings occurs the 10 minutes allowed comes out of ordinary playing time If there is a Declaration or Forfeiture when play is NOT in progress the 10 minutes allowed is included in the interval If the Declaration or Forfeiture is late and there is insufficient time to permit the incoming captain to use his allocated rolling time the rolling must take place any additional time required comes out of the hours of play Time is NOT added to the end of the days play
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All intervals must be of the agreed duration

e.g. lunch of 40 minutes scheduled for 1.30 pm TIME is called at 1.34 pm - play resumes at 2.14 pm
All intervals start on the call of TIME

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Meal intervals
An interval for Lunch
All intervals for meals shall be of the agreed duration If Lunch starts late then Play restarts late
Early meal intervals

An interval for Lunch
If the players are required to leave the field earlier than 10 minutes before agreed time for Lunch and if play can resume before the agreed time for Lunch play must restart even if only a part over is bowled The Lunch interval must be taken at the agreed time unless both captains and both umpires agree otherwise
If conditions dictate the captains and both umpires can agree to adjust the time for Lunch to ensure that playing time is not unduly reduced
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If there is a stoppage within 10 minutes or less of an agreed interval for Lunch that Lunch interval must be taken immediately and shall be of the agreed original duration
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Lunch examples
Lunch of 40 minutes is scheduled for 12.30 pm
1 The over in progress when Lunch is due finishes at 12.32 pm
Lunch (40 minutes) is taken immediately Play resumes at 1.12 pm
Tea intervals
An interval for Tea
If an innings ends, or there is an unscheduled stoppage within 30 minutes or less of agreed time for Tea the Tea interval must be taken immediately and be of the agreed duration Play must resume at the end of that interval
2 An innings closes at 12.22 pm

A change of innings is included in the Lunch interval (40 minutes) Play resumes at 1.02 pm
3 A wicket falls at 12.29 pm

Lunch (40 minutes) is taken immediately Play resumes at 1.09 pm
4 An innings closes at 12.18 pm

The change of innings (10 minutes) occurs immediately Play resumes at 12.28 pm Lunch (40 minutes) is taken at the end of the over at 12.30 pm
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Delayed tea intervals

If 9 wickets are down at the end of the over in progress when the agreed time for Tea is reached
play must continue until the innings concludes, or the over in progress 30 minutes after the agreed time for Tea has concluded
This provision only applies when 9 wickets are down NOT when the last two batsmen are at the crease There could be more or less than 11 batsmen
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Tea intervals examples

Tea of 20 minutes is scheduled for 4.00 pm
1 The over in progress at Tea finishes at 4.02 pm
Tea (20 minutes) is taken immediately Play resumes at 4.22 pm
2 An innings closes at 3.32 pm (within 30 minutes)

The change of innings is included in the Tea interval (of 20 minutes) Play resumes at 3.52 pm
3 A wicket falls at 4.01 pm

Tea (20 minutes) is taken immediately Play resumes at 4.21 pm
4 The 9 th wicket falls off the 5 th ball of the over at 4.01 pm

Play continues until that side is All-out, or the over in progress at 4.30 pm concludes
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In these circumstances, a retired batsman must not be considered as a fall of a wicket as he may be able to resume his innings
Cancelling a tea interval

At any time both captains can agree to cancel the Tea interval
This involves the batting captain
The batsmen at the crease may NOT deputise for their captain This decision may not suit umpires seeking a comfort break
Drinks intervals
All intervals, including Drinks, must be agreed with both captains before the toss, and the umpires (& scorers) informed
Drinks intervals must be confirmed before the start of each subsequent days play no later than 10 minutes before the start of play, and
The umpires must be informed ... and they must inform the scorers
This agreement should be made before the last over prior to Tea commences
the umpires (& scorers) informed

Drinks must be taken at end of the over in progress at the agreed time, or immediately if a wicket falls within 5 minutes of that time Both captains must agree to Drinks being taken, or cancelled
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Drinks intervals
General points on Drinks
Drinks must be taken ON the field-of-play If there is a stoppage to play within 30 minutes Drinks must be are cancelled or re-arranged as ordered by the umpires Drinks must NOT be taken during the Last-hour Drinks intervals must be of a maximum of 5 minutes shorter if possible
Idle chat should be discouraged and not delay the restart of play The scorers must be informed of any changes to any intervals
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Intervals
Umpires set the standards
Players will follow your lead Adhere to the agreed times Ensure YOU are always ready at the correct time Inform the captains when you are going onto the field-of-play to start Never let play be delayed because you are late of ill-equipped Keep the scorers informed of any changes to intervals
Umpire duties during intervals

At the start of every interval or interruption to play
call TIME ensure the bails are lifted take possession of the ball the bowlers end umpire both umpires if not already removed the umpire whose end play will restart
Umpire duties during intervals

When off the field-of-play ...
Check & confirm with the scorers
The score The wickets fallen The overs bowled Any outstanding issues Penalty runs, Cautions or Final warnings issued during that session of play sweeping, rolling & crease remarking, covers etc
The lifting of the bails is the only visual notification available to scorers that the match clock has stopped The bails must be lifted for ALL intervals - including Drinks BOTH umpires must record in their note-book The time play stopped The number of balls bowled in the over - if applicable Who may NOT bowl the next over Which end play must NOT restart The batsman who should NOT face the first ball
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Advise the batting captain of any
Supervise any Ensure play restarts on time
These matters may seem mundane & trivial however they are all essential umpire duties that should NEVER be overlooked
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There could be a change during the interval
Restart of play after an interval

On the re-start of play ... the umpires must fulfil ALL their normal duties as required at the start of a match and some extra duties
Ensure the bowler is correct, particularly if it is a continuation of the last over, or if it is a new over Ensure the batsmen are at the correct ends, particularly if a new batsman has come to the crease
This demonstrates the importance of taking notes whenever play stops whatever the reason
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Start of play Cessation of play

At the start of play the umpire must call PLAY
Play actually starts when the bowler starts his run-up or bowling action - after that call PLAY must be called after every interval & interruption The bowlers end umpire makes this call when the match is about to restart
Play stops when the umpire calls TIME

The bowlers end umpire makes this call when play stops for any reason The call of PLAY & TIME must be loud enough for all on-field participants to hear
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Start of play 5-minute duties

Duties during the 5 minutes before play starts
Inform both captains that you are taking the field The wickets ...
Check their position & fit the bails in place Ensure your wicket is correctly aligned Assist your colleague to align his wicket

Duties during the 5 minutes before play starts
The batsmen ...
On request give the striker Guard Inform him of the bowlers Mode of delivery his bowling action Align the sight-screens (at both ends if appropriate)
The fielding captain ...

Count the fielders Confirm with the captain they are as nominated Deal with any missing fielder/s
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The bowler ...

Record his name in your note-book if appropriate Ascertain his bowling action his Mode of delivery Hand him the bowlers marker
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Hand him the confirmed match ball

Immediately before play commences
The participants ...
Confirm the batsmen & the fielding captain are ready Confirm your colleague is ready Confirm the scorers are ready
Law 16 Starting a new over

When 6 valid balls have been bowled
the bowlers end umpire must call OVER
The strikers end umpire must then walk to his new position walking at his normal pace at the new bowlers end If he reaches that end before the agreed time for an interval that new over must start
The time ...

Confirm the time to start play has been reached Call PLAY
This is the sole criteria for starting a new over

If he reaches his end after the agreed time for an interval the umpire must call TIME and the bails must be lifted On occasions players may do this
Yourself ...
Switch-UP for the first delivery
Above all
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enjoy your game

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Completing an over
If the agreed time for interval is reached during an over that over must be completed Unless ...
within 2 minutes of that interval
a wicket falls, or a batsman retires, or that inning concludes
Completing a previous over

When returning to the field-of-play after an interval
any uncompleted over in progress prior to that interval must be completed
Unless ...
that innings is closed, or a result has been achieved
Then ...
that interval must be taken immediately The duration of that interval remains unchanged
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However ...
if a mistake in scoring is found and play cannot resume the match is over
In which case the umpires must declare the amended result
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Cessation of play at the end of a match

Duties ...
Call TIME Remove the bails & stumps Collect the match ball Leave the field together Confirm the score and Declare the result bowlers end umpire both umpires either umpire
Return the wickets, balls etc as appropriate
The Last-hour of a match

In a match played to time (not limited to overs)
a minimum of 20 overs must be bowled in the Last-hour of a match
This is only applicable on the last day of a match NOT on any preceding day
both umpires Your colleague Both captains The managers The caterers
Remember to thank ...

The scorers The players The ground-staff
Play must continue until a minimum of 20 overs has been bowled, or the agreed closing time has been reached whichever is the latter If more than 20 overs can be bowled in that hour then they must be bowled
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A quaint and often forgotten courtesy is worth considering ... Gentlemen remove their hats when shaking hands Particularly those of women
Some competitions have a lesser minimum that must be bowled in the Last-hour or in the Last half-hour
Last-hour the basics

Examining some basic rules on the Last-hour
Take the scheduled time the match is to close - say 7.30 pm Count back one hour 6.30 pm The Last-hour starts after the over in progress at 6.30 pm is completed If the over in progress is not completed until - say 6.35 pm A minimum of 20 overs must be bowled from that time This may mean that the Last-hour may go past the scheduled close time
Starting the Last-hour

The scorers must be informed when the Last-hour is about to start
The bowlers end umpire must signal the scorers using the formal signal
Only when that signal is acknowledged can the Last-hour of a match start
The score-board ... Remember ...

A drinks break cannot be taken during the Last-hour Therefore Drinks must be taken no later than
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During the Last-hour the score-board should display the from over # 1 upwards overs bowled 6.25 pm
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NOT the number of overs yet-to-be-bowled from over # 20 downwards
Last-hour time lost

Playing time can be lost during the Last-hour
This can occur because of ... weather conditions a change of innings a combination of both
All calculations are based on ... the time lost at 20 overs per hour 1 over of 6 balls = 3 minutes Even if calculations are based on another minimum number of overs the fundamentals shown here are the same
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Last-hour time lost

Playing time is lost during the Last-hour
There are occasions when playing time is extended, but once the Last-hour has started overs are never added to compensate However
Prior to the Last-hour starting additional overs can be added to the hours of play, because playing time has been lost, this causing the start of the Last-hour to be delayed These could be A delayed start to a session of play Investigating time required because a batsman was late taking the field
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Last-hour time lost

All calculation for time lost is based on
1 over for every FULL 3 minutes of playing time lost
e.g. 10 minutes lost = 3 overs 14 minutes lost = 4 overs the odd 1 minute is ignored the odd 2 minutes are ignored
Time lost - example 1

The Last-hour commences on time at 6.30 pm
At 6.45 pm the players leave the field for rain 4 overs have been bowled Play resumes at 7.00 pm Overs left to bowl Stoppage = = 20 - 4 already bowled 15 minutes = = 5 11 = 16
All calculations should be made independently by both umpires Many scorers are able to assist and confirm these calculations Umpires must Note the time When the resumption of play is decided calculate the minimum number of overs remaining Agree on their calculations
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Deduct 1 over for every FULL 3 minutes lost Minimum number of overs left to bowl
Inform the captains & scorers of this figure
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Time lost - example 2

The Last-hour commences on time at 6.30 pm
At 6.45 pm the players leave the field for rain 4.4 overs have been bowled Play resumes at 7.10 pm
Time lost - change of innings

If there is a change of innings in the Last-hour 2 calculations are required
Calculation 1
is based on the number of complete overs already bowled in the Last-hour 3 overs are allowed for the change of innings is based on the amount of playing time remaining in the Last-hour whichever is the higher is used
Overs left to bowl Stoppage
= 20 - 4.4 already bowled = 15.2 = 25 minutes = 8 overs = 7.2 Compare these Calculation 2
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Calculation 1
The playing time already used in the Last-hour 1. Note the time the innings closed 2. Note the number of complete overs bowled ignore any part overs
i.e. 4.4 overs becomes 4 overs for these calculations

Calculation 2
The playing time available in the Last-hour
1 over = 3 minutes or part thereof
a. Note the time the innings closed b. Determine the time play should restart
allow 10 minutes for the change of innings
3. Deduct 3 overs for the change of innings interval

10 minutes
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c. Divide the remaining playing time by 3 any odd minute is counted as 1 complete over
e.g.
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16 minutes = 5 overs + 1 minute = TOTAL of 6 overs
The answer is Calculation 1
The answer is Calculation 2
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A change of innings in the Last-hour
Compare the answers of Calculation 1 & Calculation 2 Use only the higher answer
Time lost - Calculation 1

The Last-hour commenced at 6.30 pm
At 7.05 pm the batting side declares - 13 overs have been bowled
A cautionary reminder ...

Two calculations are necessary only when there is a change of innings in the Last-hour If a stoppage occurs during the Last-hour for any other reason that is not a change of innings only Calculation 1 is necessary
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Calculation 1
Overs left to bowl Change of inning = 20 - 13 already bowled deduct 3 overs = = = 7 3 4
Minimum number of overs left to bowl

The Last-hour commenced at 6.30 pm
At 7.05 pm the batting side declares - 13 overs have been bowled

Last-hour is called & signalled at 6.30 pm
At 7.01 pm the batting side is All-out - 11.4 overs bowled
Calculation 2
At the declaration the minutes left to play Change of innings deduct 10 minutes = = 3 = 25 15 5 Overs left to bowl Change of innings
Calculation 1
= 20 - 11 already bowled deduct 3 overs = = 9 3
Ignore the odd 4 balls only use completed overs
Minimum number of overs left to bowl = 15 1 over = 3 minutes or part thereof

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Last-hour is called & signalled at 6.30 pm
At 7.01 pm the batting side is All-out - 11.4 overs bowled
Time lost - summary

Two calculations are necessary only when there is a change of innings during the Last-hour
When both are calculated take the higher answer That is the minimum number of overs that must be bowled in the Last-hour Never add together two or more stoppages in an attempt to make calculations easier Each interval / interruption MUST be calculated separately as they occur
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Calculation 2
At the end of innings the minutes to play = 29 19 6 7
10 minute interval deduct 10 minutes = 1 over = 3 minutes or part thereof 19 3 = Minimum number of overs left to bowl = 6 + 1
The 1 minute left = 1 over
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In the next and last module we will review ...
These modules
An umpires duties & obligations Awarding of Penalty runs The reporting procedures Post-match duties Code of Conduct reports
New Zealand Cricket

by the

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Cricket Umpiring
Levels Modules
Module 3.9
Module 3.9
This is the last module before the Level 3 examinations
In this module we will review ... Umpire duties & obligations Awarding of Penalty runs The reporting procedures Post-match duties Code of Conduct reports
Appearance
Ensure you are dressed for your important role, and your clothes are clean & neat Do not arrive in the clothes you will be wearing on the field Should weather intervene a change of clothing available at the end of the day means you should appear clean & tidy at the after-match function, and you will be dry and tidy when travelling home
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Punctuality
Ensure you arrive early enough to meet your colleague the match officials the scorers the ground-staff the captains the caterers
Umpire duties
Fully complete your pre-match duties Inspect & confirm the pitch & markings Inspect & confirm the boundary & markings Confirm the allowance for any obstacles Inspect & confirm your changing facilities Confirm the location etc of the toilet facilities Confirm the scorers location and their acknowledgement method
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Umpire duties
Obtain a Team list from each captain
This card is available in this collection and may be printed on A4 card It has 4 lists to the page It may be printed double-sided It should then be cut into 4 Note the symbols used for the captains & keeper When completed this card should be made available to the scorers to copy Retain this in your possession for the duration of the match
Do not forget to supervise the toss for innings
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Keeping the game moving

Be PRO-ACTIVE do not let things happen
Instigate your meetings Ask for a copy of the team lists if not given Ensure the toss is taken on-time and the winner notifies you and the other captain of his decision to bat or field Obtain the match balls if not already given to you Arrange for any sweeping, marking of the pitch etc Inform the captains 5 minutes before the start of play Check the wickets regularly Confirm all are ready for play Be a good example in all things
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Sometimes there is only one OFFICIAL umpire ...
YOU must discuss this with BOTH captains before the toss then agree who should act as the other umpire
Usually it will be a member of the batting side then when or if they should be changed during the innings Perhaps after every 10 overs, or at every interval Then where they should stand Should they take a full role standing at both ends, or should they stand only at the strikers end
BOTH captains & YOU must be in TOTAL agreement

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Be ready for every eventuality

Sometimes there is only one OFFICIAL scorer
Sometimes there may be none !
YOU must ascertain what will happen, and who is to score usually it will be members of the batting side

GIVE loud & clear calls of ...
PLAY OVER TIME
GIVE loud & clear calls with signals of ... NO-BALL

WIDE DEAD-BALL SHORT-RUN/s
ALWAYS wait until the scorers have acknowledged a signal before signalling the next, or allowing play to resume
These issues involve extra responsibilities

on BOTH captains and on YOU If YOU are uncomfortable with any issue YOU must stop play and have these clarified
NEVER accept responsibility for matters outside YOUR control
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NEVER assume the players or scorers understand
Assume nothing the scorers need to know

Anticipate
When sight-screen movement is required When there is a change to a bowlers Mode of delivery When the striker wants to check his Guard When your wicket or your colleagues requires attention Meet the bowler half-way as he comes to the wicket, collect the marker, take his jersey, etc When saw-dust may be required When weather conditions may require the use of covers When the pitch requires maintenance
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Support your colleague

Both umpires
Count the balls of the over Confirm the count on 4 (or 5 as agreed) Assist in the alignment etc of the wickets Consult when required Give guidance and advice on what you SAW Maintain non-verbal communication with each other Come together and discuss issues on the fall of a wicket
Remember
all umpires are equal
While one may have more experience than the other when officiating, neither is more senior that the other
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Support your colleague

At the strikers end
Count the balls of the over Confirm your colleagues signal on 4 (or 5 as agreed) Watch and give guidance on boundaries on your side of the field catches near you the batsmens position when running
Did they cross before ... the catch ? the overthrow ? the illegal fielding ?
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Conflict situations
Conflict can occur in two ways
Player v Player Player v Umpire
Handling these on the field can at times stretch the patience of a saint Never react too quickly Learn the difference between Disappointment & Dissent Disappointment is momentary while Dissent can ruin the game If it is Disappointment in most cases you can ignore it Disappointment is a part of the game and is quickly forgotten If it is Dissent a prudent captain will step in before the issue escalates Dissent must NOT be permitted to ruin our game Umpires must work together when talking to an offender or his captain
Conflict situations Player v Player

What happens if the captain does not step in ?
He fails in his role He refuses to accept a prime law The captain is responsible for the conduct of his team Law 1.4
Umpire s should ne ve r step in too quickly pe rmit hot heads to cool If you inte rve ne too quickly, you can turn the players against you Involve the captain; ask him to quieten his player down If that works great If the incide nt occurs during an ove r If not consider intervening can you wait until the e nd ?
Conflict situations Player v Umpire

What happens if a player disputes your decision ?
What happens if he does so regularly ?
Involve the captain He is responsible for the conduct of his team
A pleasant & open demeanour is essential Smile to yourself before talking to the player - you become less threatening Never step down stand by your decision and reject any feelings of guilt This confirms that you are in-control and will not be swaye d A suitable comment ... Its obvious we disagree on what has happened and you have made your views known. My decision stands, so lets get on with the game Ye s, we all make mistakes but NEVER - EVER try to make up for one mistake by making another T o do so is TWO mistakes
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If a bowle r has just be e n hit to the boundary make a point of talking quietly to him before he starts his next over A non-threatening comme nt such as ... You have made your feeling clear now lets get on with the game Come on mate, dont let things get too heated out here
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may work
The players will never forget it and wont let you either
Conflict situations Player v Umpire

What happens if the offending player is the captain ?
Yes, it can happen particularly if he has something to prove If necessary, you must remind him that He is responsible for the conduct of his team, and should set the example If you feel it is unwise to talk to the captain he is too hot seek out a senior player one who is respected by all Inform him of your concerns and ask him to act If all else fails or things are out-of-hand the umpires must act INFORM the captain That you intend to Report the matter Having made that comment you must not relent even if an apology is later forthcoming For your own credibility, you MUST follow through with a detailed Report to the Governing body Internal
Coping with pressure

Pressure bring stress and vice-versa
Stress comes in two forms
By ensuring you are not rushed By having your kit prepared By arriving at the match early
Internal & External

By having a good nights sleep By studying the Laws and the Regulations By deep breathing when required
Stress can be reduced by being prepared
External
Are the players trying to have you join their team ?

Let them appeal You have a right to enjoy your game
Do not permit yourself to get caught up in the action Mentally and emotionally step back Take a deep breath and take your time
The world will not e nd be cause you take an e xtra moment to make your de cision
Evaluate every delivery Consider every ball separately
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Make you calls & signals as required DO NOT be rushed
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Appe als are ne ve r pe rsonal
The y are appe aling to your finger !
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Answering questions on appeals

Having answered an appeal, the batsman is either Out or NOT-OUT - the umpire has fulfilled his legal obligations
In these days when further questioning on issues is encouraged the further questioning of an umpires decision is not Should a players questions and behaviour be over-the-top the umpire must call & signal DEAD-BALL and consult his colleague Then TOGETHER decide if further action is necessary We all have the right to be treated with respect in our respective roles and we have the right to enjoy the game too Remember; the more you say, the more you give the players to argue By saying little, you reduce those reasons
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If any player fails to follow an umpires instruction, or questions an umpires decision, or does anything that might bring the game into disrepute ... as soon as the ball becomes dead together the umpires must
ACTION
Call & signal DEAD-BALL Warn the offenders captain of the gravity of the offence Instruct him to take action
INFORM
Report the matter to the offenders management & to the Governing body
RECORD the details in your note book
Order of signals
On occasions umpires are required to make more than one signal
The correct order is
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Penalty runs Short-runs Bowling extras Fielding extras Boundaries these are always signalled first by the respective umpire No-balls or Wides Byes or Leg-byes Boundary 4 or Boundary 6
Offences & Penalties

There are a number of offences that can occur in our game Some involve the awarding of Penalty runs Penalty runs are awarded to the non-offending side They are NOT attributed to any delivery Therefore they are NOT debited against any bowler, nor are they credited to any specific player Penalty runs stand alone In a Box-type score-sheet they are entered in a new line of Fielding extras
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The bowlers end umpire must confirm all signals to the scorers and wait until each separate signal is acknowledged before making the next signal
If a doubt exists whether the scorers have correctly recorded the signals re-signal or the nearest umpire should inform them verbally In the case of Short-runs, the bowle rs e nd umpire must re -signal the score rs advising the m the numbe r of runs to be score d
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Fortunately the awarding of Penalty runs is a rare event
Penalty runs awarded to the Batting side

The most common occasion when Penalty runs can be awarded is ...
whe n the ball-in-play make s contact with a fielde rs he lmet that has be e n place d on the ground be hind the keepe r Whe n this occurs the ball be come s automatically de ad All runs comple ted be fore the incide nt are score d including the run in progre ss provide d the batsme n have crosse d In addition to any No-ball or Wide 5 Pe nalty runs are awarde d to the batting side but the re porting proce dure s are NO T invoke d 23

Rarely will an umpire be required to award Penalty runs to the batting side
These occur because a fielder has offended OFFENCE WARNING AWARD
Player returning without consent & fielding the ball in-play Illegal fielding Tampering with the ball DELIBERATE distracting the striker while receiving the ball Time wasting Damaging the pitch
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Final warning Final warning Final warning Final warning
AWARD AWARD AWARD AWARD AWARD AWARD
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In some cases the ball becomes automatically dead
In all cases call & signal DEAD-BALL then consult your colleague Having agreed that Penalty runs must be awarded signal the scorers using the formal signal
The e xagge rated tapping of the opposite shoulder
Penalty runs awarded to the Fielding side

It is exceptionally rare for an umpire to award Penalty runs to the fielding side
If necessary these occur because a batsman has offended OFFENCE
DELIBERATE Short-run/s Time wasting Causing avoidable damage to the pitch Stealing a run
WARNING
Final warning Final warning Final warning
AWARD
AWARD AWARD AWARD AWARD
This signal precedes ALL others After completing all signals the umpire must invoke the ACTION & INFORM procedures Details of these may be found on an all purpose Field card
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Penalty runs awarded to the Fielding side

In some cases the ball becomes automatically dead
In all cases call & signal DEAD-BALL then consult your colleague Having agreed that Penalty runs must be awarded signal the scorers using the formal signal
A hand he ld of the opposite shoulder
Penalty runs review

If it becomes necessary to award Penalty runs for any offence
An umpire may ask himself how the standard of his game has dropped so low It may be because the players do not normally have competent umpires officiating and they have developed a habit of playing the game their way YOU must never let your standards drop If an issue arises, invariably a quiet word to the offenders captain will achieve the desired result
This signal precedes ALL others After completing all signals the umpire must invoke the ACTION & INFORM procedures Details of these may be found on an all purpose Field card
27 28
The laws make it abundantly clear

The captain is responsible for the conduct of his team
Penalty runs How scored

To the batting side ...
Because they are not attributed to any delivery or action Penalty runs are recorded in a new line of Fielding extras in the current batting sides score-sheet
Bowling offences
Penalty runs are NEVER awarded for bowling offences
but the bowler can be penalised for illegal acts
OFFENCE
Practice on the field without consent Unfair bowling action Short-pitched de live ries fast above he ad-he ight High-pitched de live rie s slow above he ad-he ight fast above waist-he ight DELIBERATE high-pitched de live ries Atte mpting to run-out the non-striker be fore de live ry
30
ACTION
Prohibite d from bowling for up to 1 hour 1 st offe nce NO -BALL; 2 nd NO -BALL 3 rd NO -BALL & Suspe nsion 1 st offe nce NO -BALL; 2 nd NO -BALL 3 rd NO -BALL & Suspe nsion 1 st offe nce NO -BALL; 2 nd NO -BALL 3 rd NO -BALL & Suspe nsion 1 st offe nce Suspe nsion DEAD-BALL
To the fielding side ...

This is a little more involved as they may not have batted in the match If they have batted in the match Penalty runs are recorded in their previous batting innings score-sheet If they have not yet batted in the match Penalty runs are recorded in their yet-to-bat next innings score-sheet
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If necessary, umpires must assist inexperienced scorers
101 2010 NZC-NZCUSA
Offences & Penalties

The number of offences that can occur are comparatively rare
But because most are so infrequent few umpires have an opportunity to practice the procedures To assist the New Zealand Cricket Umpires & Scorers Association has available an all purpose Field cards Two versions are available
Field card 1 Suitable for Limited-over matches Field card 2 Suitable for Limited-over matches played to Time These may be used instead of a Note book An alternative Penalty runs Cue card is also available
31
Penalty runs card

This handy card is available
This double-sided card is small enough to slip into your top pocket This side lists your duties when an offence first occurs
The other side details when and if one or two warnings are required Fortunately Penalty runs awards are comparatively rare in New Zealand matches
32
or you may use a Field card

Two versions of this card are available For limited-over matches and for traditional 2 innings per-side matches This should be printed on paper A4 then folded into 4 On one side there is provision to record the details of the match the hours of play the names of the participants and there is space for notes
Field cards
The other side lists the penalties & offences and the processes umpires must follow should a player offend Umpires should be discrete when using this While the players attention is directed at one umpire, his colleague should confirm the process without drawing undue attention to himself Then when they come together they will be able to exercise their responsibilities with the assurance they are doing it right 34
33
Reporting procedures
The reporting procedures ensures all concerned are aware of the issues and the details of the offence
Some relate to the ACTION that umpires must take on the field Other relate to the INFORM process informing all concerned This includes informing ... the other umpire the fielding captain the batsmen at the crease ASAP the batting captain and the off-field officials ... the offenders team management the Governing Body
Reports
It has often said ...
A job is not completed until the paper-work is done ! Umpires have a job to do on the field as well as off the field
They should shirk from neither Just as they have a duty to call & signal NO-BALL when required, or to dismiss a batsman, they should have no hesitation in completing the paper-work involved when reporting on a match Reports may be solely initialling a completed score-sheet, or completing a match or pitch report, or they may involve completing a Code-of-Conduct report
The Governing Body is required to take what action deemed necessary against the offender/s
35 36
ALL reports must be factual
102 2010 NZC-NZCUSA
Reports
All reports must be factual
The umpire s should work toge ther when comple ting such reports If one did not he ar he should have se en Comple te the form using your notes Re cord what was said, by who & to who Dont e mbe llish ke ep it brie f & factual Whe n completed BO TH umpire s should sign it Nobody take s ple asure in such matters but umpire s have a duty to REPO RT
The hearing
New Zealand Cricket has appointed Commissioners to hear all reports and adjudicate on them
Natural justice de mands that anyone re ported must have the opportunity of having the ir case heard in-front of those who filed the re port This se mi-judicial hearing is conducted with e ve ry courtesy to e nsure all are he ard fairly You may be aske d if you wish to add anything to your re port Your answe r should always be NO thank you Your re port should stand on its own merits You will not be cross-e xamined Ke e p your comme nts to an absolute minimum Answe r pre cise ly only those que stions put to you by the Commissioner He will make any de te rminations ne cessary
By upholding the Laws without fear or favour you are helping our game
37 38
You must NEVER comment on his decision
The after-match function

Enjoy yourself but with discretion
After a long day at the office you are entitled to take it easy Quietly discuss the match with your colleague Review your own performance and ask him for his guidance on your part in the match Never ever discuss these matters outside your umpiring fraternity, and certainly NEVER with a player or in his hearing
The after-match function

Players questions
During the after-match function AVOID discussing with players any decisions you or your colleague made
I cant remember everything that happened in the game is a re asonable re sponse
NEVER get into a debate with the rights or wrongs of any decision or on any player or official If they appear genuine or interested in discussing the interpretations of a specific law, do so with due care ... Should any player challenge you on any decision you made ... That is dissent
and a reportable offence
DO NOT out-stay your welcome

39 40
Players & officials may NOT make any comment on any umpire decision on the day of the match
This was the last of the Level 3 modules

Good luck with the Level 3 examination should you choose to take it
A reminder
this oral exam takes about an hour and you will receive your results at the end
These modules
New Zealand Cricket

by the
If successful, your certificate will be issued by the Secretary of the

If unsuccessful, you may try again shortly
41

42
2010 NZC-NZCUSA
103 2010 NZC-NZCUSA
2010 NZC-NZCUSA

Cricket Umpiring - Training Officers Companion L3 (A4b)

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Cricket Umpiring - Training Officers Companion L3 (A4b)

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Training Officers Companion

in association with the

The Laws of Cricket 2000 code 4thedition 2010

National Umpire Manager New Zealand Cricket

The NZC NZCUSA Umpire training resources

Using this manual

Examinations & Certificates

15 1 4 (all) 15 1 3 & 6 15 1 5 (all) 1 8 (all) 1 4 (all) 1 6 (all) 3, 6 8 & 17

1 4 (all) 1&5 1 3 (all)

1 5 (all) 1 3 (all) 1 11 (all) 1 11 (all)

An 80% pass mark is required

Umpires should know

Umpires should also know

The Umpires Companion

Another involves talking and listening to others

On many occasions this may not present a problem but

The Spirit of Cricket

The Spirit of Cricket is compulsory reading

The Spirit of Cricket

The Spirit of Cricket

2. Fair and unfair play 3. Umpire intervention

The Spirit of Cricket

The Spirit of Cricket

all set the tone for the conduct of the game

The Spirit of Cricket

Law 3 The umpires

The umpires pre-match duties are detailed in the Level 2 modules

and then for the umpires

Law 3 The umpires

Umpires to agree with the captains

Umpires to agree with the captains

Umpires to inform the captains

Umpires to inform the captains

At least one umpire must then supervise the toss

Obstacles within the boundary

Umpires discussions with the scorers

Umpires discussions with the scorers

Umpires discussions with the scorers

Updating the score-board

Other issues to be clarified with the scorers

Being responsible for the score the umpires must ...

Law 4 - The scorers

Umpire duties Bowlers end

He calls OVER ...

He calls & signals LAST-HOUR to the scorers ...

He calls TIME - and the bails are lifted ...

Scorers must acknowledge each SEPARATE signal

at the end of an innings and at the end of the match

Umpire duties Bowlers end

Umpire duties Bowlers end

Calls without signals ...

Signals only ...

Umpire duties Bowlers end

Umpire duties Strikers end

He calls & signals

Umpire duties Strikers end

Umpire duties Strikers end

At his end he must watch for ...

Umpire duties Both umpires

Umpire CALL & signal

Then when the ball becomes dead ...

Umpire CALL & signal

Umpire signals no call