Prezentul simplu se foloseste pentru a vorbi despre actiuni prezente, obisnuite, repetate actiuni zilnice S +VI - la persoana a-III-a

-a singular (he, she, it) se adaug terminaia s sau es . I drink a cup of milk every morning. She drinks a cup of tea every morning. terminaia es se adaug la sfritul verbelor terminate in: -o, -ch, -th, -sh, -ss, -z. She goes to school from Monday to Friday. - Forma interogativa: DO/DOES(III.sing) + V Do you play tennis? Does she play the guitar? - Forma negativa: S+ DO/DOES + NOT + V do + not = dont does + not = doesnt No, I dont play tennis. She doesnt play the guitar. Prezentul continuu se folosete pentru a vorbi despre aciuni prezente care sunt in desfurare in momentul vorbirii. Nu mai vorbim despre aciunile obinuite, repetate exprimate de prezentul simplu. S + TO BE(PREZENT) + V-ing. - TO BE: am, are, is She is reading a book now. - Forma interogativa: TO BE + S + V-ing Is he playing tennis? - Forma negativa: S + TO BE + NOT + V-ing is not = isnt are not = arent No, he isnt playing tennis. Se folosete, de obicei, cu expresii ca now, at this moment, as we speak, .... She is reading a book now. Ea citete o carte acum.

TENSE OVERVIEW A. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Folosim trecutul simplu pentru a vorbi despre aciuni ncepute i terminate n trecut. Yesterday I met my friend Jack. Pentru a exprima o aciune repetat n trecut. Grandma drank three cups of coffee a day. Dup verbele sau construciile wish, as if/as though, if only, would rather, its (high) time. I wish I were on holiday now. Forma afirmativ: S + VII I danced at the party yesterday. Forma interogativ: Did + S + VI ? Did Mary tell her father about the party last week? Forma negativ: S + did not + VI. Mother did not buy those trousers last month. Aciuni care erau n desfurare la un moment dat din trecut. I was taking a shower when you came in. Aciuni paralele n trecut Sue was peeling potatoes while Andy was cooking the fish. Aciuni progresive care sunt n desfurare de-a lungul unei perioade de timp specificate din trecut. She was shopping between 3 oclock anf four. Forma afirmativ: S + was/were + V-ing. I was dancing when he came in. Forma interogativ: Was/Were + S + V-ing ? Was Mary doing her homework when you arrived? Forma negativ: S + was/were not + V-ing. Mother was not playing cards.

B. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Prezentul prefect simplu arat aciunea nceput n trecut i care fie mai continu n prezent, fie influeneaz momentul prezent. Accentul este pus pe rezultat. Formele Afirmativ Negativ Interogativ I / you / we / they I have spoken. I have not spoken. Have I spoken? he / she / it He has spoken. He has not spoken. Has he spoken? Excepii la adugarea terminaiei ed Exceptions in spelling when adding ed Example Dup e final se adaug doar i love loved Consoana final, dup vocal accentuat, scurt, precum i l final se dubleaz admit admitted travel travelled

C. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

y final dup consoan devine i hurry hurried Folosirea Pune accent pe rezultat: Exemplu: She has written five letters. Aciune care nc se desfoar: Exemplu: School has not started yet. Aciune ncheiat recent: Exemplu: She has cooked dinner. Aciune ncheiat ce influeneaz momentul prezent: Exemplu: I have lost my key. Aciune ce nu a mai avut loc nainte de momentul vorbirii sau care s-a ntmplat o dat sau de mai multe ori: Exemplu: I have never been to Australia. Arat o aciune nceput n trecut i care fie s-a terminat recent, fie mai continu. Pune accent pe durata aciunii. Formele Afirmativ Negativ Interogativ I / you / we / they I have been speaking. I have not been speaking. Have I been speaking? he / she / it He has been speaking. He has not been speaking. Has he been speaking? Excepii de ortografiere Excepii la adugarea terminaiei -ing Exemplu e-ul final dispare come coming (dar: ee nu este schimbat) (dar: agree agreeing) Dup o vocal scurt, accentuat, se dubleaz consoana final sit sitting Consoana final l este dublat dup o vocal (n British English) travel travelling ie final devine y Folosirea Prezentului Perfect Continuu Pune accent pe durata nu pe rezultatul aciunii: Exemplu: She has been writing for two hours. Aciune recent ncheiat sau care nc mai dureaz: Exemplu: I have been living here since 2001. lie lying

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

[had + past participle] Exemple: You had studied English before you moved to New York. Had you studied English before you moved to New York? You had not studied English before you moved to New York. Aciuni ncepute i terminate naintea altor aciuni trecute

D. PAST PERFECT

Trecutul perfect arat c o aciune trecut a avut loc naintea altei aciuni trecute. De asemenea poate arta c un anumit lucru a avut loc naintea unui moment dat din trecut. Exemple: I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times. Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand? She only understood the movie because she had read the book. Kristine had never been to an opera before last night. We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance. A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006? B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before. [had been + present participle] Exemple: You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived. Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived? You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived. USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Folosim trecutul perfect continuu pentru a arta c un lucru a nceput n trecut i continuat pn la un moment dat din trecut. Putem folosi expresiile "For five minutes" and "for two weeks". Exemple: They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived. She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business. How long had you been waiting to get on the bus? Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work. James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia. A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara? B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.

Viitorul simplu are 2 forme n limba englez: will i be going to. Cu toate c aceste dou forme se pot substitui una pe alta ele au utilizri diferite.

E. FUTURE TENSES 1.a FUTURE SIMPLE (will and be going to)

Form Will (+) S + will + V1 (?) Will + S + V1? (-) S + will not + V1 You will help him later. Will you help him later? You will not help him later. Form Be Going To (+) S + am/is/are + going to + V1 (?) am/are/is + S + going to + V1 (-) S + am/are/is/ + not + going to + V1 You are going to meet Jane tonight. Are you going to meet Jane tonight? You are not going to meet Jane tonight. WILL se folosete pentrua vorbi despre: ceea ce vorbitorul face n mod voluntar aciuni stabilite din viitor promisiuni I will send you the information when I get it. I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it. I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party. Don't worry, I'll be careful. I won't tell anyone your secret. BE GOING TO - se folosete pentru a vorbi despre planuri i intenia vorbitorului de a face un lucru. He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.

1.b FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Form: (+) S + will be + V-ing (?) Will + S + be + V-ing (-) S + will + not + be + V-ing You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight? You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. 1. Aciune n desfurare la un moment dat din viitor We will be writing at this time tomorrow. 2. Aciune ntrerupt din viitor - o aciune de durat din viitor va fi ntrerupt de una mai scurt. I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight. I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives. 3. Aciuni paralele din viitor Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time. 4. Atmosfer din viitor 5

 When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are

going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing.

2. FUTURE PERFECT
Form: (+) S + will have + V3 (?) Will + S + have + V3? (-) S + will + not + have + V3 You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.? You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. Aciune viitoare terminat naintea unei alte aciuni viitoare:

By next November, I will have received my promotion. By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests.

IMPORTANT! - NU SE FOLOSETE VIITOR N PROPOZIIA SUBORDONAT TEMPORAL.

PRESENT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS

PRESENT SIMPLE
1. Write the HE/SHE/IT forms catch cook fetch live rush copy play read smoke start watch write enjoy study come drink fix miss buy fry try run stand touch wish carry marry

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1. Write the ING FORM of these verbs. Break clean Come die Make play Write start Begin put Rob shop Shout sit Turn open wash enjoy sing get hit dream stand visit live go jump feel rain sleep talk forget

PAST TENSE
I. Write the following sentences in the Past Tense. Example: The dog (chase) the cat. The dog chased the cat. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The dog (chase) the cat. The cat (climb) the tree quickly. The dog (start) to bark. I (want) to chase the dog away. The dogs owner (arrive) and (walk) away with it. The cat (look) happy. II. Write the sentences in the negative. Example: Jane cleaned her room yesterday. Jane didnt clean her room yesterday. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Father watched TV last night. The teacher talked about Robinson Crusoe last week. I wanted to read the book. The reporter asked the film star a lot of questions. I walked to my friends house two days ago. III. Write the sentences in ex. III in the interrogative. Example: Jane cleaned her room yesterday. Did Jane clean her room yesterday? 7

IV. Put the verbs in the simple past and translate the texts. a) When I (come) home, I (find) that the family had finish dinner. I (sit) down (eat) mine, which (be) still on the table. I had only just begun when the door-bell (ring). It (be) a friend of mine. I (tell) him to wait until I (finish) eating. My mother (ask) him whether he (like) a cup of coffee. He (say) he would rather read until I (be) ready. b) One day while I (sit) in a caf, a man (come) over to my table and (ask) if he may sit down for a few minutes. After we (speak) for some time, we (find) out that we once (meet) in Europe. He said, "I (arrive) here two weeks ago and I (not make) up my mind whether or not to stay here." " If I (be) you," I said, "I would learn the language as quickly as I (can) and then make a tour of the country. It would be easier then to make up your mind." V. Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple. 0 I (finish) finished my book last week. 1 A plane (fly) ________________ over our house. 2 Peter (have) ________________ a sandwich for lunch. 3 The bus (arrive) ________________ two hours late. 4 My sister (make) ________________ a big cake for my birthday. 5 John always (wear) ________________ a uniform to school. 6 Kevin (run) ________________ to school, yesterday. 7 It (begin) ________________ to rain. 8 We (play) ________________ football for hours. 9 My family (go) ________________ to Portugal for a holiday. 10 We (jump) ________________ into the swimming pool. VI. Write statements, negative sentences or questions with used to. 0 you/have/brown hair (question) Did you use to have brown hair? 1 people/use/the computer (negative) ___________________________________ 2 he/go/running (statement) ___________________________________________ 3 they/like/painting (question) _________________________________________ 4 your brother/come/by bus (statement) __________________________________ 5 we/drink/coffee (negative) __________________________________________ 6 my mother/speak/Spanish (negative) __________________________________ 7 he/live/in Paris (statement) __________________________________________ 8 Julie/play/football (question) ________________________________________ 9 houses/have/bathrooms indoors (negative) ______________________________ 10 all children/go/to school (question) ____________________________________ VII. Choose the best reply (A-I) for the questions (0-8). 0 Do you know where the theatre is? E A Thats a good idea. 1 What does you boyfriend look like? B Its interesting, but very noisy. 2 Whats New York like? C Its near the theatre. 3 Could you tell me the time, please? D Its nearly four oclock. E Yes. Its next to the post office. 4 Can I help you? 5 Do you mind if I sit here? F No thanks, I can do it. 6 Would you like some cake. G Yes, please. 7 Lets go for some tea. H Hes tall, dark and handsome. 8 Wheres the bus station? I No, not at all. VIII. Translate into English. 1. Am cunoscut-o pe verioara ta n 1988. 2. Cnd Peter era tnr, alerga timp de o jumtate de or n fiecare diminea. 3. Cnd l-ai vzut ultima dat? 4. Am neles atunci ct de mult i iubea fratele. 5. Era timpul ca ei s cunoasc adevrul. 8

6. A fi de prere s te duci acolo ct mai curnd posibil. 7. Mary recit poezii ca i cnd ar fi o mare artist. 8. Ce ora ai vizitat anul trecut? 9. De-a ti adresa lui acum. 10. A dori s nelegei situaia aceasta.

PRACTICE I SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS PAST

I. Put the verbs in parentheses into the Past Simple or the Past Continuous and translate (Scrie verbul din paranteze la trecut simplu sau continuu i tradu): 1. The ship (approach) _______________ Cape Town when the tornado (begin) _______________ . 2. The bomb (go) _______________ off when the president (give) _______________ a speech. 3. He (not hear) ________________ the bell because the radio (play) _______________ . 4. When I (get) ________________ home everybody (dance) _______________ . 5. The plane (catch) _______________ fire when it (take) ________________ of. 6. Tim (crash) _______________ into a street light because he (drive) _______________ too fast. II. Turn the following into the interrogative and negative (Transform urmtoarele propoziii n propoziii interogative i negative): 1. The children were laughing. 2. The man was waiting. 3. I was translating the text. 4. You were looking at the picture. 5. The girl was coming home. 6. I was learning a poem. 7. The boys were drawing red cars. 8. Mother was making the bed. 9. You were leaving the office. 10. We were buying fresh fruit. III. Translate into English (Tradu n limba englez): 1. Cnd am plecat de la poliie John i soia lui nc mai vorbeau cu un poliist. 2. Ce se ntmpla n casa ta cnd am trecut pe la tine ieri sear? Am sunat la u dar nu mi-a rspuns nimeni, dei se auzea muzic nuntru. 3. I-am pus aceast ntrebare de cteva ori, dar el nu m-a auzit fiindc citea ziarul. 4. Eu nc dormeam cnd a venit stewardesa s ne spun c trecem peste Himalaya. 5. Nu ne-am dus la teatru ieri deoarece nite prieteni de-ai notri veneau pe la ora apte. IV. Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous (Schimb timpul verbelor din paranteze n trecut simplu sau continuu): 0 For dinner, my sister (eat) ate pizza, but I (have) had soup. 1 My brother (drink) ________________ coffee while he (do) ________________ his homework. 2 He (walk) ________________ into the classroom, then he (sit) ________________ down. 3 While I (study) ________________ , Sue (run) ________________ into the library. 4 When the class (finish) ________________ , the teacher (drive) ________________ home. 5 Harry (sing) _______________ a song when Jane (come) _______________ in. 6 Nothing happened when I (turn on) ________________ the DVD player. 7 It (start) ________________ to rain while I (walk) ________________ to the park. 8 Yuki (listen) ________________ to the radio when the phone (ring) ________________ . 9 The children (go) ________________ the cinema last night. 10 Mr. Jones (find) ________________ some money when he (clean) ________________ the cupboards. V. Read the paragraph. Choose the best tense for each space. Translate. (Citete paragraful. Alege cel mai bun timp pentru fiecare spaiu. Tradu): My grandfather (0) C to the same school as me. He (1) ______ to our school last week to talk to the class about what it (2) ______ like in the old days. He (3) ______ he (4)______ the names of all his teachers. One of them still teaches at the school. He (5) ______ art and music, but now he only teaches music. As he (6) ______ , he (7) ______ us pictures of his school friends. He (8) ______ us that the boys (9) ______ only football, but now we play basketball as well. He thinks things (10) ______ better in the old days. 9

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

A goes A comes A was being A said A remembered A is teaching A talks A is showing A told A play A are

B was going B came B is B says B remembers B used to teach B is talking B showed B is telling B were playing B were

C used to go C was coming C was C was saying C was remembering C teaches C was talking C was showing C tells C used to play C used to

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FOLLOW UP PRESENT TENSES & SIMPLE PAST

I. Completai cu forma cea mai potrivit a verbului din paranteze, folosind prezentul continuu sau prezentul simplu: Jack is a teacher. He teaches (teach) at a University. He isnt teaching (not teach) at the moment, he is on holiday. He is reading (read) a newspaper on the beach. Emma and Ben are brother and sister. Emma . (love) Ben and Ben . (love) Emma. They usually . (play) together, but today Emma . (help) her mother to make a cake. Its Bens birthday and he .. (have) a party. His father . (prepare) the decorations and the games because Ben .. (like) to have fun and games at his parties. Ben usually . (invite) ten friends, but only nine . (come) today. Henry . (not come), he .. (not feel) well, he has a cold. He often . (catch) a cold in winter. II. Tradu n limba englez folosind prezentul simplu sau continuu dup caz: 1. M ntreb de ce nici bieelul nici fetia nu dorm la aceast or. De obicei ei deja dorm la aceast or. 2. Copacii nfloresc aa c grdinile au un miros plcut. 3. Mereu mi d telefon i mi pune ntrebri stupide. 4. M bucur c i place cadoul meu. 5. Copii par foarte obosii n aceast diminea. 6. Tata se scoal foarte devreme, dar se brbierete, se spal i i ia micul dejun aa de ncet nct nu auzim nimic. III. Transform propoziiile din propoziii la present simplu n propoziii la trecut simplu i tradu: 1. You are tired. 2. The baby likes milk. 3. My sister understands him. 4. We eat breakfast at seven oclock. 5. I have a headache. 6. The show begins at 8 oclock. 7. They feel fine. 8. I read a paper in the morning. 9. They want another book. 10. Billy goes to school. IV. Completeaz fiecare spaiu liber cu verbul potrivit la trecut simplu. Sunt mai multe verbe dect spaii libere iar unele pot fi folosite de mai multe ori. Tradu n limba romn: Walk, be, sit, fly, live, croak, think, listen, hop, get, do, refer, speak, sing, sigh, take, put, swallow, know, respect, turn, swim, ride, hate, say. Once upon a time a big, fat frog ___________ 1. in a tiny shallow pond. He ___________ 2. every plant and stone in it. As the biggest creature in the pond he ___________ 3. very important and all the other animals __________ 4. him. When he __________ 5., the water-snails __________ 6. politely. And the water-beetles always __________ 7. behind him. He __________ 8. very happy there. One day a pretty dragon-fly __________ 9. to him, Youre a fine frog. Come to my pond. Its much larger. Life in a large pond is wonderful. Perhaps hes right, __________ 10. the foolish frog. So he __________ 11. But the big deep pond __________ 12. out to be hostile and unpleasant. The water-snails __________ 13. rude to him, and he __________ 14. afraid of the ducks. As the smallest frog there, he ____________ 15. lonely and unhappy. He __________ 16. on a water-lily leaf and __________ 17. sadly to himself, I dont like it here. I want to go home. Theres no place like home, he __________ 18. But a hungry stork __________ 19. down and __________ 20. him up for lunch.

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PRACTICE I a. Present perfect simple

I. Write the participle forms of the following verbs. 1. shut 2. spend 3. give II. Complete the table in present perfect simple. positive negative We have chatted. The lesson has not started. She has turned around. They have not arrived. III. Write sentences in present perfect simple. 1. we / reach / our goal 2. our team / lose / the match 3. she / underline / the word 4. they / not / discover / the treasure 5. Ron / not / talk / about the problem IV. Write questions in present perfect simple. 1. you / knock / at the door 2. the teacher / mark / the tests 3. she / buy / a new computer 4. they / rescue / the girl 5. Brad / wear / a blue shirt V. Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence. 1. They have seen him at the library. 2. Robby Robber has robbed another bank. 3. Bill has ordered three desserts. 4. Clara has repeated the sentence five times. 5. Jane has asked a question. 4. teach 5. sell question

Have we won?

b. Present perfect continuous

I. Write the ing-form of the following verbs. 1. cry 3. lie 2. prepare 4. win II. Choose the correct form: have or has and since or for. 1. Emma been learning English five years. 2. My friends been living here 2003. 3. I been waiting for Danny 20 minutes. 4. Ross and Gavin been travelling around Australia 5. Carol been exercising in the gym 2 o'clock. III. Write sentences in present perfect progressive. 1. Kevin / read 2. you / TV / watch / all day 3. Paul / to the radio / listen / not 4. the men / cards / play 5. the girls / cycle / not 12

six weeks.

IV. Write questions in present perfect progressive. 1. Carol / shout 2. you / dance 3. Kevin / run 4. they / on the phone / talk / how long 5. these books / lie / on the floor / how long

c. Diferena dintre prezent perfect simplu i continuu

Prezent Perfect Simplu Accent pe rezultat Prezent Perfect Continuu Accent pe durata sau cursul aciunii Aciune din trecut nspre prezent Aciune terminat dar care influeneaz prezentul I. Pune verbele la prezent perfect simplu sau continuu i tradu: 1. I (play) ____________________________ football for five years. 2. My team (win / only) __________________________ two matches so far. 3. The others (be / always) _____________________________ better. 4. Are we not there yet? We (walk) ________________________________for hours. 5. But we (cover / only) ___________________________________an area of five miles so far. 6. I (finish/just) ______________________________my homework. 7. I (work) ________________________________ on this essay since two o'clock. 8. Jane (go out) ______________________________ with Bob for seven years. 9. Martin (date) ___________________________ three girls this week. 10. How long (wait / you) __________________________ for us? Robin: I think the waiter (forget) ________________________ us. We (wait) ________________________ here for over half an hour and nobody (take) _________________________________ our order yet. Michele: I think you're right. He (walk) _________________________________by us at least twenty times. He probably thinks we (order, already) ______________________________________________________________. Robin: Look at that couple over there, they (be, only) _____________________ here for five or ten minutes and they already have their food. Michele: He must realize we (order, not) ________________________________ yet! We (sit) _______________________________________________here for over half an hour staring at him. Robin: I don't know if he (notice, even) _____________________us. He (run) ____________________________ from table to table taking orders and serving food. Michele: That's true, and he (look, not) _____________________________________ in our direction once. II. Alege varianta corect i tradu:
1. I'm very hungry. I___________ all day. a) didn't eat b) haven't ate c) havent eaten d) have been eating 1. Their new kitchen looks fantastic. They ________ completely ________ it. a) have been redecorating b) have redecorated c) already redecorated d) didn't redecorated 3. Our kitchens a mess. We_______ any cleaning for weeks. a) didn't do b) haven't been doing c) have done d) haven't done 4. I think they are dating. They______________ a lot of each other recently. a) had seen b) haven't been seeing c) have been seeing d) have seen 5. We've discovered this great caf and we__________ there a lot. a) have been going b) have gone c) are going

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d) have went 6. How's your Mum? I _________ her for ages. a) had seen b) haven't seen c) haven't been seeing d) didn't see 7. You're covered in paint! What __________ you __________? a) have b) were c) did d) have done doing do been doing

8. Shes gone to the doctor's. She ___________________ too well lately. a) hasn't felt b) hasn't been feeling c) has felt d) doesn't feel 9. Where have you been? I___________ for ages. a) have waited b) waited c) was waiting d) have been waiting 10. I have to write an essay. I_____ about half of it so far. a) have written b) have been writing c) wrote d) have to write

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