BIOGRAPHIES OF AVAGOSHA ,NGARJUNA, RYADEVA, AND VASUBANDHU.

Translated from Vassilief's work on Buddhism, by Miss E. Lyall.

THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY,

A JO !"AL O# O!$E"TAL !E%EA!&'
$" A!&'(OLO)*, '$%TO!*, L$TE!AT !E, LA") A)E%, +'$LO%O+'*, !EL$)$O", #OL,LO!E, -.., -.., -..

EDITED BY JAS. BURGESS, M.R.A.S., F.R.G.S. VOL. IV.1875 [Bombay, Education Society' !"e #

/Te0t Layout and $ma1es by Jam2a "am1yal, O.tober 34456

Bio1ra2hies of As7a1osha, "a1ar8una, Aryade7a and Vasubandhu

The biographies of the first three were translated into Chinese under the dynasty of Yao-tzine, A.D. 384-4 !, by "u#$ra%ya &"u#$ra%ila '() and the last, that of *asubandhu, appeared under the Chene dynasty &A.D. ++!-+88(, by the ,elebrated Chene-ti. -ro# theee .. *assilief deri/es the following abridged li/es &pp. 0 1-000 of the 2ussian ed.(.

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Bio1ra2hies of As7a1osha, "a1ar8una, Aryade7a and Vasubandhu

ASVAGOSHA
$ no ima%e &

'. A()a%o *a +in ,*ine e Ma;mine, ')oice o- t*e *o" e'. /a a di ci01e o- t*e )ene"ab1e !2"()a. !2"()a, on a""i)in% in ,ent"a1 India -"om t*e 3o"t*, 1ea"ned t*at t*e c1e"%y o- t*at di t"ict da"ed not t"i4e t*e )a<,5 a 0"i)i1e%e, a /e 4no/, /*ic* *ad been %"anted to t*e "e1i%ion /*ic* 0"e)ai1ed o" /*ic* *ad obtained 0"e0onde"ance. T*e cau e o- t*i *umi1iation /a A()a%o *a, /*o, be1on%in% to t*e mo t 1ea"ned T6"t*i4a , *ad demanded t*at t*e Budd*i t *ou1d not be 0e"mitted to t"i4e t*e )a< o 1on% a t*ey *ad not "e-uted *im. !2"()a o"de"ed it to be t"uc47 *e ente"ed into di cu ion /it* A()a%o *a, and -i" t a 4ed *im t*i im01e 8ue tion9 :';*at i to be de i"ed in o"de" t*at t*e uni)e" e may en<oy 0eace, t*e o)e"ei%n 1on% 1i-e, t*e count"ie abundance, and t*at 0eo01e may no 1on%e" *a)e to ubmit to mi e"ie =' A tu"n o une>0ected, to /*ic* it /a nece a"y to "e01y, acco"din% to t*e 1a/ o- di cu ion, con-ounded A()a%o *a, and a-te" t*e meetin% *e became a di ci01e o- !2"()a, /*o coun e11ed *im to teac* Budd*i m, and t*en "etu"ned to *i nati)e to/n. A()a%o *a "emained in ,ent"a1 India, and made *im e1- ce1eb"ated by *i u0e"io" ta1ent . It *a00ened t*at t*e 4in% o- ?itt1e *u;.hyi, in 3o"t*e"n India, in)aded Ma%ad*a, and demanded t*e cu0 o- Budd*a and A()a%o *a to be %i)en u0 to *im. T*e nob1e %"umb1ed a%ain t t*e 4in% becau e *e *ad et muc* too *i%* a )a1ue on t*e 1atte"7 in o"de" to con)ince t*em o- t*ei" me"it, t*e 4in% too4 e)en *o" e , and a-te" *a)in% ta")ed t*em -o" i> day , *e 1ed t*em to t*e 01ace in /*ic* A()a%o *a /a teac*in%, and o"de"ed -odde" to be %i)en to t*em, but /*en t*e *o" e *ea"d t*e 0"eac*e" t*ey *ed tea" , and /ou1d not eat. A()a%o *a became ce1eb"ated becau e t*e *o" e *ad unde" tood *i )oice, and becau e o- t*i *e "ecei)ed t*e name o- A()a%o *a +)oice o- a *o" e..

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Bio1ra2hies of As7a1osha, "a1ar8una, Aryade7a and Vasubandhu

NAGARJUNA

@. 32%2"<una /a bo"n in Sout*e"n India. Ae /a de cended -"om a B"a*manica1 -ami1y7 *e /a natu"a11y endo/ed /it* eminent 8ua1itie 7 and /*i1 t yet a c*i1d *e tau%*t t*e -ou" Beda , eac* o- /*ic* contained CD,DDD 1<thas +eac* o- /*ic* i com0o ed o- C@ 1ette" o" y11ab1e .. Ae t"a)e11ed into )a"iou 4in%dom , and 1ea"ned a11 t*e ecu1a" cience , uc* a a t"onomy, %eo%"a0*y, ec"et and ma%ica1 0o/e" 7 t*en *e ente"ed into -"iend *i0 /it* t*"ee )e"y di tin%ui *ed men, and, *a)in% obtained 0o/e" to "ende" *im e1- in)i ib1e, *e %1ided /it* t*em into "oya1 0a1ace , /*e"e *e be%an to di %"ace t*e /omen. T*ei" 0"e ence /a di co)e"ed by t*e 0"int ot*ei" -eet7 t*e t*"ee com0anion o- 32%2"<ua /e"e *e/n to 0iece , and *e *im e1/a a)ed on1y by -i" t ma4in% a )o/ to ado0t t*e 0i"itua1 tate +Budd*i t.. Acco"din%1y, *a)in% a""i)ed on t*e monntain , at t*e st>2a o- Budd*a, *e utte"ed *i )o/ , and in ninety day *e 1ea"ned t*e t*"ee +iakas, t*e dee0e t meanin% o- /*ic* *e 0enet"ated. T*en *e be%an to ea"c* -o" t*e ot*e" %>tras, but *e -ound t*em no/*e"e7 it /a on1y on t*e ummit o- t*e Sno/y Mountain t*at a )e"y o1d B*i4 *u %a)e *im T*e %>tra of Mah<y<na, t*e de0t* o- t*e meanin% o- /*ic* *e com0"e*ended, /it*out bein% ab1e to di co)e" t*e detai1ed e>01anation o- it. A11 t*e o0inion o- t*e Ti"t*i4a and E"amaa eemed to *im /o"t*1e 7 in *i 0"ide *e u00o ed *im e1- a -ounde" o- a ne/ "e1i%ion, and in)ented ne/ )o/ and a ne/ co tume -o" *i di ci01e . T*en 32%a"2<a +Fin% o- t*e D"a%on . concent"ated *im e1in *im, too4 *im /it* *im to *i 0a1ace at t*e bottom o- t*e ea, and *o/ed *im t*e"e e)en de0o it o- 0"eciou ob<ect , /it* t*e Bai0u1ya boo4 and ot*e" SGt"a oa dee0 and my tica1 meanin%7 32%2"<ua "ead t*em -o" ninety con ecuti)e day , and t*en "etu"ned to t*e ea"t* /it* a ca 4et. T*e"e /a at t*i time in Sout*e"n India a 4in% /*o 4ne/ )e"y 1itt1e o- t*e t"ue doct"ine7 32%2"<ua, /i *in% to att"act a11 *i attention, a00ea"ed be-o"e *im -o" e)en yea" /it* a "ed -1a%, and /*en t*e 4in%, in cou" e o- a 0"o1on%ed con)e" ation /it* *im, a 4ed *im, a a 0"oo- o- *i uni)e" a1 4no/1ed%e, to te11 *im /*at /a %oin% on in *ea)en, 32%2"<ua dec1a"ed t*at t*e"e /a /a" bet/een t*e A u"a and t*e De)a , and to con-i"m *i /o"d t*e"e -e11 -"om
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Bio1ra2hies of As7a1osha, "a1ar8una, Aryade7a and Vasubandhu

*ea)en an a"m and ome muti1ated 1imb o- t*e A u"a . T*en t*e 4in% /a con)inced, and ten t*ou and B"2*ma %a)e u0 /ea"in% t*ei" *ai" in 4not +t*at i to ay, t*ey /e"e *a)ed., and made t*e )o/ o- 0e"-ection +t*at i , o- t*e 0i"itua1 ca11in%.. T*en 32%2"<ua 0"ead Budd*i m /ide1y in Sout*e"n India9 *e *umb1ed t*e T6"t*i4a , and to e>01ain t*e doct"ine o- t*e Ma*2y2na *e com0o ed t*e 2ade@a, o'DD,DDD 1<thas7 be ide t*at, *e com0o ed &hyuane iane fo lao lune, 'T*e Sub1ime !at* o- Budd*a,' con i tin% o- H,DDD 1<thas7 Aa tBBi fane biane lune, 'T*e A"t o- !ity,' con i tin% o- HD 1<thas +H,DDD =.. It /a by mean o- t*e e t*at t*e doct"ine o- t*e Ma*2y2na 0"ead on a11 ide in Sout*em India. Be ide t*e e *e com0o ed 7eC lune, 'Meditation on Int"e0idity,' in 'DD,DDD 1<thas. A B"2*ma /*o *ad ente"ed into di cu ion /it* *im 0"oduced a ma%ic 0ond in t*e midd1e o- /*ic* /a a /ate"I 1i1y /it* a t*ou and 1ea)e , but 32%2"<ua 0"oduced a ma%ic e1e0*ant /*ic* o)e"tu"ned t*e 0ond. At 1en%t*, u0on a c*ie- o- t*e Ainay2na *o/in% a de i"e t*at 32%2"<ua *ou1d die, *e *ut *im e1- u0 in *i o1ita"y c*ambe" and di a00ea"ed. Fo" a *und"ed yea" tem01e /e"e "ai ed in *i *onou" in a11 t*e 4in%dom o- India, and 0eo01e be%an to /o" *i0 *im a t*ey did Budd*a. A *i mot*e" *ad bo"ne *im unde" an Ar8ua t"ee, *e "ecei)ed t*e name o- A"<ua, and a a-te" t*at a 32%a +d"a%on. *ad ta4en 0a"t in *i con)e" ion, t*e name 32%a /a added, /*ence *a "e u1ted t*e name 32%2"<ua +in ,*ine e Lune;.hu, d"a%onIt"ee7 t*e T*ibetan t"an 1ate it 'con)e"ted by a d"a%on'.. Ae /a t*e t*i"teent* 0at"ia"c*, and admini te"ed "e1i%ion mo"e t*an t*"ee *und"ed yea" .

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Bio1ra2hies of As7a1osha, "a1ar8una, Aryade7a and Vasubandhu

ARYADEVA

J. De)a +K"yade)a. /a de cended -"om a B"a*manica1 -ami1y o- Sout*e"n India. Ae "ende"ed *im e1- ce1eb"ated by *i %ene"a1 4no/1ed%e. T*e"e /a in *i 4in%dom a %o1den ima%e o- Ma*e()a"a t/osa1enes *i%*7 /*oe)e", in a 4in% a -a)ou", tu"ned *im e1- to/a"d it, *ad *i 0"aye" %"anted in t*e 0"e ent 1i-e. A11 /*o 0"e ented t*em e1)e /e"e not admitted to t*e ima%e, but De)a in i ted t*at *e *ou1d be a11o/ed to ente", and /*en t*e an%"y 0i"it be%an to "o11 *i eye , *e 0u11ed one ot*em out. Anot*e" day Ma*e()a"a a00ea"ed to *im in a -e ti)a1 and 0"omi ed *im t*at t*e 0eo01e *ou1d be1ie)e *i /o"d . De)a came to t*e 0a%oda o- 32%2"<ua, ad)anced into t*e 0i"itua1 tate, and t*en be%an to en1i%*ten t*e 0eo01e. But t*at did not ati -y *im, *e /a 0o e ed /it* t*e de i"e to con)e"t t*e 4in% *im e1-. Fo" t*at 0u"0o e *e /ent to t*e body%ua"d , and a-te" *a)in% %ained t*ei" attention *e a 4ed 0e"mi ion to ente" into di cu ion /it* ome *e"etic , e)e"y one o- /*om *e o)e"came. De)a com0o edBo;lune erl;.hi 2in1, 'T*e Aund"ed-o1d Meditation,' and &i bo lune +CDD 1<thas. -o" t*e o)e"t*"o/ o- e""o"7 but a T6"t*i4a 1aid o0en *i tomac* and *e died. A *e *ad be-o"e t*i %i)en one o- *i eye to Ma*e()a"a /*en *e met *im at t*e -e ti)a1, *e "emained b1ind o- an eye, and /a u"named F2nade)a.

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Bio1ra2hies of As7a1osha, "a1ar8una, Aryade7a and Vasubandhu

VASUBANDHU

F wood.ut 2rint in Ja2anese fashion G

C. Ba uband*u /a bo"n in t*e 4in%dom o- !u"u *a0u"a, in 3o"t*e"n India. In t*e *i to"y o- t*e %od Bi *u t*e -o11o/in% i "e1ated9:Bi *u /a t*e youn%e" b"ot*e" o- Ind"a, /*o *ad ent *im into Jambud)60a to con8ue" t*e A u"a9 *e /a bo"n a on to t*e 4in% B2 ude)a. At t*i time t*e A u"a e>i ted unde" t*e name o- Ind"adamana +con8ue"o" o- Ind"a., a name /*ic* *e *ad "ecei)ed becau e o- *i /a" a%ain t Ind"a. In t*e Vy<karaa it i aid t*at t*e A u"a a e"t t*at it i not a %ood t*in% -o" 0eo01e to amu e t*em e1)e by %i)in% o00o ition to t*e %od /*o -ind en<oyment in /e11 doin%. T*i A u"a *ad a i te" named !"ab*2)at6 + o)e"ei%n o- 1i%*t., /*o /a )e"y beauti-u1. T*e A u"a, /i *in% to in<u"e Bi *u, 01aced *i i te" in a 0"ominent 0o ition, and *im e1- to1d *e" t*at i- any one /i *ed to ma""y *e" *e /a to 0"o0o e t*at *e *ou1d ee4 a 8ua""e1 /it* *e" b"ot*e". Bi *u came to t*i 01ace7 *e -e11 in 1o)e /it* !"ab*2)at6, and, a a11 t*e %od *ad ma""ied dau%*te" o- t*e A u"a , *e 0"o0o ed ma""ia%e to *e"9 *e /a in con e8uence -o"ced to -i%*t a due1 /it* t*e A u"a. Bi *u, a t*e body o- 32"2yaa, /a in)u1ne"ab1e7 t*e A u"a a1 o continued to 1i)e t*ou%* Bi *u *ad cut o-- *i *ead, *and , and ot*e" 1imb , /*ic* "etu"ned ane/ to t*ei" 01ace . T*e -i%*t continued ti11 ni%*t, and t*e t"en%t* o- Bi *u /a be%innin% to -ai1, /*en *i /i-e, -ea"in% 1e t *e *ou1d be beaten, too4 an t2ala 1ea-, and tea"in% it in t/o 0iece , t*"e/ t*em on di--e"ent ide , and be%an to /a14 in t*e midd1e. Bi *u, unde" tandin% t*e meanin% o- t*i action, to"e t*e body o- t*e A u"a into t/o 0iece and 0a ed bet/een t*em7 t*en t*e A u"a died. Ae *ad -o"me"1y obtained -"om a i *i t*e 0"i)i1e%e t*at i- any o- *i 1imb *ou1d be cut o-- t*ey *ou1d "eunite, but t*e i *i *ad not 0"omi ed t*at *i body /ou1d be <oined to%et*e" a%ain i- it *ou1d be to"n a unde". A Bi *u *ad *o/n *e"e t*e cou"a%e oa man, t*e 4in%dom /a t*u named !u"u *a. T*e"e /a in t*i 4in%dom a "oya1 c*ie- /*o /a a B"2*ma o- t*e Fau(i4a -ami1y. Ae *ad t*"ee on /*o bo"e t*e in%1e name Ba uband*u, /*ic* /a common to t*em, and /*ic* i%ni-ie 'ce1e tia1 0a"ent' +Tiane;tBine.. It i t*e cu tom in India to %i)e a11 c*i1d"en on1y one name, /*ic* i common to t*em, and be ide t*at, in o"de" to di tin%ui * t*em, anot*e" one i added a a 0ecia1 di tinction. T*e t*i"d on Ba uband*u *ad ad)anced into t*e
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Bio1ra2hies of As7a1osha, "a1ar8una, Aryade7a and Vasubandhu

0i"itua1 ca11in% at t*e Sa")2 ti)2da c*oo1. Ae became an A"*ana and /a named BiI 1inIc*i Bat ya +ba;2o.7 Bi1inc*i /a *i mot*e"' name, and Bat ya i%ni-ie ' on7' but it i t*u t*at t*e c*i1d"en o- e")ant , catt1e, and 0ecia11y ca1)e a"e ca11ed. T*e e1de t on Ba uband*u ad)anced e8ua11y in t*e 0i"itua1 ca11in% at t*e Sa")2 ti)2da c*oo1, and a1t*ou%* *e mi%*t *a)e e ca0ed u--e"in% *e cou1d not unde" tand t*e idea, and /i *ed to 0ut *im e1- to deat*7 but t*e A"*ana !indo1a, /*o d/e1t in t*e ea te"n Bide*ad)60a, *a)in% een *im, came to *im and in t"ucted *im in t*e contem01ation o- t*e )oid o- t*e A6nay2na7 but Ba uband*u, not bein% ati -ied /it* t*at, ent a me en%e" into t*e *ea)en named Tu *ita to ma4e 0ecia1 in8ui"ie oMait"eya, and a-te" *a)in% "ecei)ed -"om *im an e>01anation o- t*e )oid o- t*e Ma*2y2na, *e "etu"ned to Jambud)60a, /*e"e, *a)in% %i)en *im e1- u0 to tudy, *e "ecei)ed t*e %i-t o- -o"e i%*t, and becau e o- t*at *e /a u"named A aL%a + ;thyo, 'unim0eded'.. Ae ti11 /ent ometime into Tu *ita to Mait"eya to ma4e 0a"ticu1a" in8ui"ie about t*e meanin% o- t*e %>tras o- t*e Ma*2y2na7 but /*en *e e>01ained to ot*e" /*at *e *ad 1ea"ned t*ey did not be1ie)e *im, and *e /a ob1i%ed to a 4 Mait"eya to "etu"n to t*e ea"t*, to /*ic* *e con ented. Fo" -ou" mont* Mait"eya /a -ound in t*e tem01e o- 0"eac*in%, add"e in% t*e 0eo01e u0on t*e %>tra of %e7enteen Iorlds, and e>01ainin% t*e meanin% o- it c1ea"1y7 nobody but A aL%a cou1d ee *im, :t*e ot*e" cou1d on1y *ea" t*e 0"eac*in%,:and e)e"y one be1ie)ed in t*e Ma*2y2na. Mait"eya tau%*t A aL%a t*e Sam2d*i o- t*e o1a" "ay7 t*en e)e"yt*in% became inte11i%ib1e to *im, and *e com0o ed in Jambud)60a t*e 2ade@a u0on t*e %>tras o- t*e Ma*2y2na. T*e econd on Ba uband*u ad)anced a1 o in t*e 0i"itua1 ca11in% at t*e Sa")2 ti)2da c*oo19 in t*e e>tent o- *i 1ea"nin%, t*e numbe" o- t*e ub<ect /*ic* *e unde" tood, and *i 4no/1ed%e o- boo4 , *e /a une8ua11ed. A *i b"ot*e" *ad "ecei)ed ot*e" name , t*e name o- Ba uband*u "emained to *im a1one. To/a"d t*e -i)eI*und"edt* yea" a-te" t*e nir7<a o- Budd*a, t*e A"*ana Faty2yaa0ut"a, /*o *ad ad)anced in t*e 0i"itua1 ca11in% at t*e Sa")2 ti)2da c*oo1, 1i)ed. Ae /a 0u"e1y Indian, but in cou" e o- time *e came into t*e 4in%dom oFi0ine +Fo-ene, ,abu1., /*ic* i on t*e no"t*I/e t o- India, /*e"e at t*e ame time t*e"e /e"e HDD A"*ana and HDD Bod*i at)a +=.. Ae be%an to com0o e t*eAbhidharma o- t*e Sa")2 ti)2da c*oo1, /*ic* con i t o- M 1rantas. A dec1a"ation /a 0ub1i *ed e)e"y/*e"e t*at t*o e /*o 4ne/ anyt*in% o- t*e Abhidharma oBudd*a *ou1d te11 /*at t*ey 4ne/ o- it. T*en men, %od , d"a%on , Ya4 *a , and e)en t*e in*abitant o- t*e *ea)en A4ani *a communicated e)e"yt*in% t*at t*ey 4ne/, /e"e it on1y a 0*"a e o- a )e" e. Faty2yaa0ut"a, /it* t*e A"*ana and t*e Bod*i at)a , c*o e out o- a11 /*at /a not cont"adicto"y to t*e %>tras and to t*e Vinaya7 t*ey -o"med o- it a com0o ition /*ic* t*ey di)ided into ei%*t 0a"t , in /*ic* t*e"e /e"e HD,DDD (1o4a . T*en t*ey /i *ed to com0o e t*e Vaibh<shya to e>01ain t*e Abhidharma. At t*i time A()a%o *a /a 1i)in% in India, a nati)e ot*e +o;dyi;do count"y in t*e 4in%dom o- E"a)a ti7 *e unde" tood ei%*t 0a"t oJ 9 ::

Bio1ra2hies of As7a1osha, "a1ar8una, Aryade7a and Vasubandhu

t*eVy<karaa, t*e -ou" Vedas, t*e i> cience , and t*e t*"ee +iakas o- ei%*teen c*oo1 9 o Faty2yaa0ut"a ent an amba ado" to E"a)a ti to in)ite A()a%o *a to co""ect t*e /"itin% o- t*e 0"o0o edVaibh<shya. Fo" t/e1)e con ecuti)e yea" a-te" *i a""i)a1 in Fi0ine A()a%o *a /a occu0ied /it* t*e /o"4 o- /*ic* Faty2yaa0ut"a and t*e ot*e" A"*ana and Bod*i at)a *ad %i)en *im c*a"%e7 t*e /*o1e Vaibh<shya contained a mi11ion o- 1<thas. A-te" t*ei" com0o ition, Faty2yaa0ut"a en%"a)ed a command on tone t*at no 0e" on, 4no/in% t*i doct"ine, *ou1d cau e it to 0"ead out o- Fi0ine, and a1 o t*at t*e com0o ition it e1- *ou1d not 0a beyond t*e -"ontie". Ae a1 o too4 ca"e t*at t*e ot*e" c*oo1 and t*e Ma*2y2na *ou1d not 0"o-ane o" c*an%e t*i 0u"e doct"ine. T*i command /a a1 o con-i"med by t*e 4in%. T*e 4in%dom o- Fi0ine /a u""ounded on a11 ide by mountain , and t*e"e /e"e %ate on1y on one ide7 a11 t*e 0"e1ate *ad et t*ei" %ua"d o- Ya4 *a a entine1 to a11o/ a11 t*o e /*o /i *ed to be in t"ucted to 0a in, but not to a11o/ t*em to %o out a%ain. In t*e 4in%dom o- Ayod*ya 1i)ed t*e ma te" Ba a ub*ad"a, /*o /a %i-ted /it* inte11i%ence and a %ood memo"y7 a *e /i *ed to 1ea"n t*e Vaibh<shya, *e -ei%ned madne and "e0ai"ed to Fi0ine, /*e"e *e 1i tened -o" t/e1)e con ecuti)e yea" . Sometime /*i1e t*ey /e"e e>01ainin% to *im *e be%an to in8ui"e about t*e !<m<yaa7 and on t*at account *e /a di dained by a11, and /a a11o/ed to %o out o- Fi0ine, a1t*ou%* t*e Ya4 *a *ad 0"e)ented t*e 0"ie t . A-te" *i "etu"n to *i bi"t*01ace *e dec1a"ed t*at e)e"y one *ou1d *a ten to 1ea"n o- *im t*e Vaibh<shya o- Fi0ine, and, a *e /a o1d, *i di ci01e /"ote a 8uic41y a *e 0o4e, and in *o"t e)e"yt*in% /a conducted to/a"d a %ood end. About t*e nint* centu"y a-te" t*e deat* o- Budd*a t*e T6"t*i4a Bind*y24a)a a 1i)ed7 *e demanded t*e /o"4 %ene;1e;lune -"om t*e d"a%on /*o d/e1t nea" t*e 1a4e at t*e -oot o- t*e Bind*ya mountain , and a-te" *a)in% ada0ted it to *i 0oint o- )ie/, *e came to Ayod*ya and a 4ed 4in% Bi4"am2ditya to a11o/ *im to ente" into di cu ion /it* t*e Budd*i t 0"ie t . At t*i time t*e %"eat ma te" , uc* a Mai"aa, Ba uband*u, and ot*e" , /e"e a/ay in ot*e" 4in%dom . T*e on1y one "emainin% /a Budd*amit"a, t*e ma te" o- Ba uband*u, a )e"y o1d and -eeb1e man, but one /*o *ad dee0 4no/1ed%e7 *e /a ca11ed to a"%ue, but *e cou1d on1y "e0eat /*at t*e T6"t*i4a *ad aid, and *e /a )an8ui *ed. T*e 4in% "ecom0en ed t*e T6"t*i4a, /*o, u0on "etu"nin% to t*e Bind*ya mountain, /a c*an%ed into a 0i11a" o- tone, but *i /o"4 %ene;1e;lune *a been 0"e e")ed ti11 t*e 0"e ent day. ;*en, u0on *i "etu"n, Ba uband*u 1ea"ned t*i ci"cum tance, *e cau ed a ea"c* to be made -o" t*e T6"t*i4a7 but a *e *ad been c*an%ed into tone, Ba uband*u com0o ed t*e TBi;shi; .hyane;shi;lune, in /*ic* *e "e-uted a11 t*e 0"o0o ition o- t*e %ene;1e;lune, and -o" t*at *e "ecei)ed -"om t*e 4in% a %i-t o- t*"ee lakshas o- %o1d, /it* /*ic* *e et u0 t*"ee ido1 ,:one -o" t*e B*i4 *un6 , anot*e" -o" t*e Sa")2 ti)2da c*oo1, and t*e t*i"d -o" t*e c*oo1 o- t*e Ma*2y2na7 a-te" t*at t*e t"ue doct"ine +t*at i to ay Budd*i m. /a e tab1i *ed ane/. Ba uband*u -i" t tudied t*e meanin% ot*e Vaibh<shya7 t*en, *a)in% ado0ted t*i teac*in%, *e com0o ed e)e"y day
5 9 ::

Bio1ra2hies of As7a1osha, "a1ar8una, Aryade7a and Vasubandhu

a 1<tha in /*ic* /a contained t*e meanin% o- a11 *e *ad been teac*in% du"in% t*at day7 a-te" *a)in% /"itten t*i 1<tha on a 1ea- o- co00e", *e cau ed it to be ca""ied about on t*e *ead o- an into>icated e1e0*ant, and ca11ed by t*e beatin% o- a d"um t*o e /*o /i *ed to di 0ute t*e meanin% o- t*e1<tha7 but no one /a -ound ab1e to "e-ute it. In t*i /ay mo"e t*an NDD 1<thas /e"e com0o ed, /*ic* contain a11 t*e meanin% o- t*e Vaibh<shya7 it i t*e ,o@akarina, o" t*e ,o@a in )e" e. ;*en Ba uband*u *ad added to it -i-ty 0ound in %o1d, *e ent it to Fi0ine to a11 t*o e /*o /e"e ma te" o- t*e Abhidharma, /*o /e"e %"eat1y "e<oiced t*at t*ei" t"ue doct"ine /a 0"ead ab"oad7 but a t*ey -ound in t*e )e" e ome incom0"e*en ib1e 0a a%e , t*ey t*em e1)e added ot*e" -i-ty 0ound in %o1d, and de i"ed Ba uband*u to /"ite an e>01anation in 0"o e7 *e t*en com0o ed t*e Abhidarmako@a Osi.P, in /*ic* *e *a int"oduced t*e Sa")2 ti)2dine idea , and "e-uted /*ate)e" de)iated -"om t*e 0"inci01e o- t*e %>tras. ;*en t*i com0o ition a""i)ed at Fi0ine, t*e ma te" in t*e e di t"ict /e"e i""itated at eein% t*ei" o0inion o)e"tu"ned. T*e on o- 4in% Bi4"am2ditya, /*o bo"e t*e name o- !"2ditya +'ne/ un'. made *i )o/ to Ba uband*u7 and *i mot*e", /*o ente"ed t*e "e1i%iou ca11in%, became *i 0u0i1. ;*en !"2ditya mounted t*e t*"one, t*e mot*e" and on be ou%*t Ba uband*u to tay at Kyod*ya and en<oy t*ei" -o"tune, /*ic* *e con ented to do7 but t*e b"ot*e"I inI1a/ o- !"2ditya, t*e B"2*ma Ba u"ato, /*o *ad ma""ied *i i te", /a a ma te" ot*e T6"t*i4a and /a )e" ed in Vy<karaa, acco"din% to t*e 0"inci01e o- /*ic* *e com0o ed a "e-utation o- t*e ,o@a, a /o"4 o- Ba uband*u, /*o -o" *i de-ence /"ote %ane;shi;erle;2in1 +J@ A"tic1e ., in /*ic* *e "e-uted a11 t*e ob<ection . T*e Vy<karaa /a 1o t, and t*e"e "emained on1y t*e ot*e" com0o ition. T*e 4in% %a)e *im a a "e/a"d a laksha o- %o1d, and *i mot*e" %a)e *im t/o7 /it* t*i Ba uband*u e"ected an ido1 in eac* o- t*e t*"ee 4in%dom o- Fi0ine, !u"u *a0u"a, and Ayod*ya. T*e T6"t*i4a, "ed /it* *ame, /i *in% to *umb1e Ba uband*u, b"ou%*t -"om India to Ayod*ya t*e ma te" SiL*ab*ad"a, /*o com0o ed t/o /o"4 to "e-ute t*e ,o@a9 in t*e one +)uane;sane;ma;iK., in 'D,DDD 1<thas, *e e>01ained t*e meanin% o- t*e Vaibh<shya7 and in t*e ot*e" +%ui;shi;lune., in '@,DDD 1<thas, *e de-ended *im e1- and o)e"tu"ned t*e o0inion o- t*e ,o@a. A-te" *a)in% -ini *ed t*e e /o"4 , SiL*ab*ad"a 0"o)o4ed Ba uband*u to di cu ion , but t*e 1atte" "emo)ed *im e1unde" 0"ete>t o- *i o1d a%e, "e-e""in% t*em to /i e 0eo01e to <ud%e t*em. At -i" t t*i ma te", /*o *ad 01un%ed into t*e tudy o- t*e idea o- ei%*teen c*oo1 , *ad de)oted *im e1- to t*e A6nay2na, and did not be1ie)e in t*e Ma*2y2na,:*e aid t*at t*e doct"ine o- Budd*a /a not in it. A aL%a, a00"e*endin% t*at *i b"ot*e" /ou1d /"ite a "e-utation o- t*e Ma*2y2na, ca11ed Ba uband*u to !u"u *a0u"a, /*e"e *e *im e1d/e1t, and con)e"ted *im to t*e Ma*2y2na. Ba uband*u "e0ented o- *i -o"me" c"itici m o- t*e Ma*2y2na and /i *ed to cut out *i ton%ue, but *i b"ot*e" ou%*t to 0e" uade *im t*at it /ou1d be bette" to /"ite an e>01anation o- t*e Ma*2y2na, /*ic* *e indeed com0o ed a-te" t*e deat* o- A aL%a. It i to *im t*at t*e commenta"ie on t*e A7antansaka, t*e "ir7<a, t*e %addharma2undarika, t*e+ra8n<2<ramit<,
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Bio1ra2hies of As7a1osha, "a1ar8una, Aryade7a and Vasubandhu

t*e Vimalakirti, and ot*e" %>tras be1on%7 be ide t*e e *e com0o ed VeC;shi;lune, in /*ic* i contained t*e /*o1e conce0tion o- t*e /*o1e Ma*2y2na, and a1 o )ane;lu; mine and t*e ot*e" L<stras o- t*e Ma*2y2na. A11 t*at /a com0o ed by t*i ma te" i di tin%ui *ed -o" e>ce11ence o- ty1e and idea 9 it i -o" t*at "ea on t*at, not on1y in India, but a1 o in ot*e" count"ie , beyond t*e -"ontie" , t*e 0a"tiQan bot* o- t*e A6nay2na and t*e Ma*2y2na *a)e ado0ted *i /o"4 a aut*o"itati)e. Ae"etic %"o/ 0a1e /it* -ea" /*en t*ey *ea" *i name. Ae died at Ayod*ya, at t*e a%e o- MD yea" .

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