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2006
ROMANIAN STATISTICAL YEARBOOK
CUVNT NAINTE
FOREWORD
Este ndeobte cunoscut c unul dintre obiectivele de baz ale statisticii oficiale const n punerea la dispoziia utilizatorilor a datelor statistice menite s asigure, prin expresia lor cantitativ, informaii relevante i de calitate asupra evoluiei fenomenelor i proceselor economice i sociale ce au avut loc pe parcursul unei perioade de timp determinate. n acest context, regsim un spectru larg de publicaii i lucrri statistice aprute sub egida Institutului Naional de Statistic, lrgit i diversificat continuu, conform necesitilor la nivel naional, dar i a cerinelor ce decurg din imperativul alinierii statisticii romneti la normele i standardele internaionale. Numrul, diversitatea i complexitatea activitilor de diseminare a datelor statistice sunt generate de programul anual al cercetrilor statistice ce structureaz publicaiile statistice dup mai multe criterii, precum cel tematic, de frecven i volum, dar i dup caracterul conjunctural sau anual al informaiilor i datelor statistice. Dintre lucrrile anuale, ca cea mai reprezentativ, att ca importan, ct i, ca volum i varietate a coninutului, se detaeaz fr ndoial, Anuarul Statistic al Romniei. Dac ar fi s recurg la o formul, mai curnd publicistic dect statistic, mi-a putea ngdui s-i ataez Anuarului Statistic sintagma de publicaie fanion a statisticii oficiale naionale. Acest calificativ deriv nu numai din elementele caracteristice ale anuarului, dar i prin faptul c un utilizator de date statistice, este, prin excelen, un consumator i un pstrtor de informaie, atribuindu-i n acest scop, valenele unui tezaur valoros de cunotine de care se simte pe deplin ataat. De-a lungul timpului, anuarul a servit ntotdeauna drept surs inepuizabil i permanent de informaii n care s-a identificat istoria societii descris n cel mai sintetic i relevant mod cu putin. De aceea, pe bun dreptate, renumitul economist i statistician german August Ludwig von Schlzer, spunea despre statistic, n relaia sa cu istoria, c: statistica este istoria n repaus, iar istoria este statistica n micare. Aceste aprecieri nu le-am fcut numai ca o pledoarie pro domo pentru a releva semnificaia anuarului, ci i pentru, a plasa aceast publicaie important n zona de interes care i justific apariia, n continuare, n forma ei tradiional. Este cunoscut faptul c, astzi, odat cu fulminanta dezvoltare a tehnicii electronice de calcul i cu rspndirea, nu mai puin spectaculoas, a Internetului, cu multiplele sale virtui de comunicare, trim deja sfritul erei Gutenberg, a crii tiprite, i nceputul epocii publicaiilor virtuale, cu precdere n domeniul crii tiinifice de specialitate.
It is well known that one of the core objectives of official statistics is to put at users disposal statistical data meant to ensure, in terms of quantity, relevant and high quality information on the dynamics of economic and social phenomena and processes that took place during a well defined period. In this context, a wide range of statistical publications and papers were issued under the aegis of the National Institute of Statistics, continuously widened and diversified, in accordance with the necessities at national level, but also with the requirements arising from the imperative of harmonizing Romanian statistics with the international norms and standards. The number, the diversity and complexity of statistical data dissemination activities are determined by the annual programme of statistical surveys which organises statistical publications according to several criteria, such as topics, periodicity and volume, but also depending on the short term or annual nature of statistical data and information. Among the annual issues, the most representative one, both in terms of importance and in terms of contents volume and diversity, is undoubtedly the Statistical Yearbook of Romania. Should I have recourse to a formula rather publicistic than statistical, I could afford myself to attach to the Statistical Yearbook the collocation of pennant publication of national official statistics. This title derives not only from the characteristics of the Yearbook, but also from the fact that a statistical data user is, by excellence, an information consumer and custodian, therefore assigning it the valences of a valuable thesaurus of knowledge, to which the user feels fully attached. Over times, the Yearbook also served as an inexhaustible and permanent source of information, where the history of the society, described in the most synthetic and relevant manner, could be identified. Therefore, with good reason, the well-known German economist and statistician August Ludwig von Schlzer, who correlated statistics with history, stated that statistics is history at repose, while history is statistics in motion. All these considerations were made not only as a pro domo pleading for pointing out the importance of the Yearbook, but also in view to place this major publication within the interest area justifying its further issuing under its traditional format. It is wellknown that nowadays, due to the spectacular development of information technology and to the alike widening of Internet use, under its multiple communication opportunities, we are already at the end of Gutenberg age, the one of paper, and at the beginning of virtual publications era, particularly in the field of specialised scientific papers.
Statistica oficial nu putea, la rndul ei, s rmn n afara acestui proces ireversibil. Este un fapt mplinit, adoptat ntr-o msur mai mare sau mai mic de unele oficii de statistic din ri dezvoltate, care deja au fcut cunoscut c au renunat, total sau parial, la anumite publicaii pe suport de hrtie, inclusiv la anuarul statistic, n favoarea formei electronice. n afara plusului de operaionalitate pe care l ofer publicaia electronic, renunarea la publicaiile n forma tradiional, este argumentat, n principal, de trei elemente: costul mai redus al celei dinti; aria mai larg de difuzare i utilizare; scurtarea perioadei de timp de la producerea informaiei statistice pn la difuzarea ei. n ceea ce ne privete, am optat pentru meninerea formei tiprite a Anuarului Statistic al Romniei, pentru o perioad pe care am considerat necesar s o lsm la latitudinea utilizatorilor i care, n termeni generici, va depinde de evoluia infrastructurii sistemului electronic de comunicare la nivelul societii romneti i de preferinele marii majoriti a celor care folosesc aceast publicaie statistic de tradiie. n acelai timp, venind n ntmpinarea celor, din ce n ce mai muli, care opereaz nc de pe acum n mod sistematic cu mijloacele moderne de accesare a informaiilor, am ataat formei tiprite, ca i n anul trecut, un CD-ROM, cuprinznd volumul complet al anuarului. Este de menionat c, n virtutea celor de mai sus, am ncercat, totodat, s diminum, nc din acest an, efectele unuia dintre neajunsurile mai sus specificate ale formei tiprite a anuarului, i anume, ecartul relativ mare ntre momentul apariiei i ultimul an pentru care se gsesc date de referin n cuprinsul su. Sunt bucuros s aduc la cunotina tuturor utilizatorilor c, urmare a eforturilor depuse de colectivul de specialiti ai Institutului Naional de Statistic, acest lucru ne-a reuit. Pentru prima oar n istoria post-decembrist a Romniei, Institutul Naional de Statistic a fost n msur s publice ntr-un singur an, dou ediii ale Anuarului, respectiv, Anuarul Statistic al Romniei 2005, aprut n primvar i, ediia de fa, ANUARUL STATISTIC AL ROMNIEI 2006. Este modul prin care, n anul ce precede aderarea Romniei la Uniunea European, statistica oficial romneasc se aliniaz, i sub acest aspect, practicii oficiilor de statistic ale statelor membre ale Uniunii.
Official statistics, on its turn, could not stay beside this irreversible process. It is an achievement adopted to a higher or lower extent by certain statistical offices of developed countries, which already acknowledged their total or partial renouncement to certain publications on paper support, including their Statistical Yearbooks, in favour of the electronic formats. Besides the higher timeliness offered by the electronic publication, the replacement of the traditional format publication is mainly justified by three characteristics: the lower cost; the wider dissemination and using area and narrowing the time gap between statistical information production and its dissemination. As far as we are concerned, our option was to further keep the printed format of the Statistical Yearbook of Romania for a period that we appreciated as necessary to be left at users choice and which, in general terms, will depend on the evolution of the electronic communication system infrastructure at the level of Romanian society, as well as on the preferences of the large majority of those using this traditional statistical publication. Likewise, for meeting the more and more numerous users needs, who are already operating, in a systematic manner, with the modern means of information, we have attached to the printed format, the entire volume of the Yearbook on CD-ROM, as we already did last year. It is worth mentioning that, in the virtue of the above mentioned issues, we have also tried to lessen, beginning with this year, the effects incurred by one of the above mentioned drawbacks of the Yearbook printed format, namely the relatively broad gap between the release moment and the reference year. I am glad to acknowledge all users that, as consequence of efforts made by the experts team of the National Institute of Statistics, this objective was accomplished. For the first time in the post December history of Romania, the National Institute of Statistics was able to publish during the same year two Yearbook editions, respectively the Statistical Yearbook of Romania 2005, released in this spring and the current edition, STATISTICAL YEARBOOK OF ROMANIA 2006. This is the way in which, in the year preceding Romanias accession to the European Union, the Romanian official statistics comes in line with the practice of statistical offices from the European Union Member States.
Prof. univ. dr. Vergil VOINEAGU, Preedintele Institutului Naional de Statistic President of the National Institute of Statistics
1. Cadrul legal privind activitatea statistic este statuat prin Ordonana Guvernului nr. 9/1992 republicat, cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare. n Ordonan se regsesc contextul i prevederile care definesc elementele constitutive ale procesului statistic, respectiv, culegerea, prelucrarea, analiza i constituirea seriilor de date statistice oficiale, cu caracter demografic, social, economic, financiar i juridic, precum i principiile fundamentale care stau la baza funcionrii statisticii oficiale n Romnia. Statistica oficial n Romnia este organizat i coordonat de Institutul Naional de Statistic, organ de specialitate al Administraiei Publice Centrale, n subordinea Guvernului, finanat de la bugetul de stat. Institutul Naional de Statistic este autorizat s solicite i s obin cu titlu gratuit datele i informaiile statistice de la toate persoanele, fizice sau juridice, care dein capital sub orice form sau desfoar activitate de orice fel pe teritoriul Romniei. Principiile pe care se ntemeiaz activitatea statistic, n deplin concordan cu principiile fundamentale privind funcionarea statisticii ntr-o societate democratic, adoptate pe plan internaional, constau n: autonomie, confidenialitate a datelor individuale, transparen, relevan, proporionalitate, deontologie statistic i raport cost/eficien. Att contextul general, ct i principiile de funcionare a statisticii, precum i producerea de date statistice de calitate, armonizate cu normele i standardele Uniunii Europene, confer rezultatelor activitii statistice garania satisfacerii cerinelor utilizatorilor de date statistice.
1. The legal framework concerning the statistical activity is represented by Government Ordinance no. 9/1992, republished with its further amendments and completions. The Ordinance includes the context and the provisions defining the constitutive elements of the statistical process, namely: collection, processing, analysing and compiling official statistical data series, of demographic, social, economic, financial and juridical nature, as well as the fundamental principles on which the functioning of official statistics in Romania are defined. In Romania, the official statistics is organised and coordinated by the National Institute of Statistics, specialised body of central public administration, subordinated to Government and financed from the state budget. The National Institute of Statistics is entrusted to ask for and to obtain, free of charge, statistical data and information from all natural and legal persons, owing any type of capital or developing any kind of activity on Romanias territory. The principles on which statistical activity are based, fully compliant with the fundamental principles related to statistics functioning in a democratic society, adopted al international level, consists in: autonomy, individual data confidentiality, transparency, relevance, proportionality, statistical deontology and cost effectiveness. Both the general context and the principles of statistics functioning, as well as the production of statistical data of high quality, compliant with the European Unions norms and standards confer the statistical activity results the guarantee of meeting the statistical data users requirements.
2. Sursele de date statistice. Datele prezentate n Anuarul statistic sunt rezultatul a dou categorii de surse: cercetrile statistice exhaustive sau pri sondaj cuprinse n Programul Anual al Cercetrilor Statistice; surse administrative.
2. Statistical data sources. The data presented within the Statistical Yearbook result from two data sources categories: exhaustive or sample statistical surveys, included in the Annual Programme of Statistical Surveys; administrative sources.
3. Programul Anual al Cercetrilor Statistice (PCS) cuprinde ansamblul lucrrilor circumscrise procesului de colectare, prelucrare, analiz i diseminare a datelor statistice realizate pe baza proiectelor individuale specifice fiecrui domeniu de activitate economic i social. PCS este avizat de ctre Consiliul de Coordonare a Activitii Statistice (CCAS) i aprobat, prin Hotrre, de ctre Guvernul Romniei. n cadrul programului, fiecare cercetare statistic este prezentat pe componentele care o definesc: obiectiv, scop, sfer de cuprindere, coninut al cercetrii, flux al informaiilor de la datele primare pn la datele agregate, mod de valorificare a rezultatelor i termenele de diseminare a acestora.
3. The Annual Programme of Statistical Surveys (PSS) comprises the whole works related to the process of statistical data collection, processing, analysis and dissemination, carried out based on individual projects specific to each field of economic and social activity. PSS is endorsed by the Council for Statistical Activity Coordination (CSAC) and approved by Romanias Government Decision. Within this Programme, each statistical survey is presented by its defining components: objective, purpose, coverage, contents, information flow from primary to aggregated data, way of results turning into account and their dissemination deadlines.
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4. Cercetarea statistic reprezint o lucrare complex de culegere, prelucrare, analiz i diseminare a datelor cu privire la starea i evoluia fenomenelor i proceselor economice i sociale. Cercetarea statistic se realizeaz pe baz de proiecte n care sunt definite concepte generale, scopul cercetrii i instrumentarul statistic ce st la baza acesteia (modul de organizare a cercetrii; chestionarul, clasificrile, nomenclatoarele, normele, instruciunile etc.). Potrivit criteriului sferei de cuprindere, datele din Anuarul statistic au fost determinate pe baza a dou tipuri de cercetri statistice: Cercetare statistic exhaustiv (total). n cadrul acestui tip de cercetare datele sunt nregistrate de la toate unitile populaiei statistice, denumit i colectivitate statistic, bine delimitat. Populaia statistic desemneaz totalitatea elementelor supuse observrii statistice, de aceeai natur, asemntoare sau omogene din punctul de vedere al anumitor criterii. Prin astfel de cercetri statistice exhaustive se obin rezultate detaliate n diferite structuri administrative, geografice, grupri pe activiti potrivit Clasificrii Activitilor din Economia Naional (CAEN) etc. Cele mai cunoscute cercetri exhaustive sunt recensmintele populaiei i locuinelor, recensmntul produselor i serviciilor industriale, recensmntul general agricol. Cercetare statistic prin sondaj. n cadrul acestui tip de cercetare, datele sunt nregistrate doar de la o parte a populaiei statistice, numit eantion. Eantionul este determinat pe baza criteriilor de reprezentativitate, prin utilizarea unor metode probabiliste, ale cror rezultate sunt extinse la ntreaga populaie statistic.
4. The statistical survey is a complex activity of collection, processing, analysis and dissemination of data related to the economic and social phenomena situation and dynamics. The statistical survey is carried out based on projects, where the general concepts, the survey purpose and the statistical tools on which it is based are defined (survey organisation: questionnaire, classifications, nomenclatures, norms, guidelines a.s.o.). According to the coverage criterion, the data included in the Statistical Yearbook were determined based on two statistical surveys types: Exhaustive (total) statistical survey. Under this type of survey, data are recorded from all statistical population units, called statistical collectivity, which is well defined. The statistical population represents all the elements subject to statistical observation, of the same nature, similar or homogenous from certain criteria standpoint. Based on such exhaustive statistical surveys, detailed results are obtained in various administrative and geographical structures, by group of activities according to the Classification of Activities of National Economy (CANE) a.s.o. The most well-known exhaustive surveys are population and housing censuses, industrial products and services census, general agricultural census. Sample statistical survey. Under this type of survey, data are recorded only from part of the statistical population, called sample. The sample is determined based on representativeness criteria, by using probabilistic methods, whose results are further extended to the whole statistical population.
5. Sursele administrative reprezint sursele de eviden organizate i deinute de organisme ale administraiei publice sau non-guvernamentale pentru alte scopuri dect cele statistice. Sunt utilizate numai acele surse care au un potenial adecvat cerinelor statistice i corespund rigorilor tiinifice de sfer de cuprindere, calitate i completitudine care le fac utilizabile i n scopuri statistice. Folosirea acestor surse de date i informaii n scopuri statistice se realizeaz fie direct, ca date de baz (asimilate datelor statistice), fie prin prelucrri i adaptri corespunztoare pentru a satisface cerinele de calitate, comparabilitate i coeren, fie pentru reconciliere i validarea datelor statistice obinute n urma cercetrilor statistice.
5. Administrative sources means the evidence sources organised and managed by public administration or nongovernmental bodies, for other purposes than the statistical ones. Only the sources with an appropriate potential for statistical requirements and scientific rigour concerning coverage, quality and completeness making them also usable for statistical purposes are used. The use of these data and information sources for statistical purposes is achieved either directly, as basic data (assimilated to statistical data), or after appropriate processing and adaptation, in view to meet quality, comparability and coherence requirements, or for reconciliation and validation of statistical data obtained from statistical surveys.
6. Sfera de cuprindere a datelor. Datele prezentate n Anuar caracterizeaz ansamblul economiei naionale, cu excepia cazurilor cnd, prin notele specifice care prefaeaz fiecare capitol al Anuarului, se precizeaz altfel.
6. Coverage. The data presented within the Statistical Yearbook characterise the whole national economy, except cases where specific notes that preface each chapter of the Yearbook stipulates otherwise.
7. Mrimile statistice folosite : n Anuar sunt prezentate, cu precdere, date absolute i date relative (indici, ponderi, indicatori de intensitate etc.). Indicatorul statistic este expresia numeric a unor fenomene, procese, activiti sau categorii economice sau sociale, manifestate n timp, spaiu i structuri. Indicele este un raport ntre valori ale aceleiai variabile nregistrate n uniti de timp sau teritoriale diferite.
7. Statistical measures used: The Yearbook mainly presents absolute and relative data (indices, weights, propensity indicators a.s.o.). The statistical indicator is the numerical expression of certain phenomena, processes, activities or economic and social categories, manifested over time, area and structures. The index is a ratio between values of the same variables recorded in various time or territorial units.
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