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Steve Boddeker's 122 Physics Homework

Sphygmomanometer When a persons blood pressure is taken with a device known as a sphygmomanometer, it is measured on the arm, at approximately the same level as the heart. If the measurement were to be taken on the patients leg instead, would the reading on the sphygmomanometer be greater than, less than, or the same as when the measurement is made on the arm? Explain. Ans: Gravity pulls the blood down, so greater pressure below the heart and higher pressure above the heart.

153

#25

A patient is to receive an intravenous injection of medication. In order to work properly, the pressure of fluid containing the medication must be 109 kPa at the injection point. (a) If the fluid has a density of 1020 kg/m3 find the height at which the bag of fluid must be suspended above the patient. Assume that the pressure inside the bag is one atmosphere. (b) If a less dense fluid is used instead, must the height of suspension be increased or decreased? Explain.

P + v2 + gh = Pinject + vinject2 + ghinject Patm + 0 + gh = 109000 + 0 + g(0) 101300 + gh = 109000 h = 7700 / g h = 7700 / 1020 (9.81) h = 0.770 meters

Let hlower be the zero point velocity is very low at both points

155

#35 A person weighs 756 N in air and has a body-fat percentage of 28.1%. (a) What is the overall density of this persons body? (b) What is the volume of this persons body? (c) Find the apparent weight of this person when completely submerged in water. fat = 900 kg/m3 body = 1100 kg/m3 FW = m g V=m/ = m/V effective = 28.1% fat + 71.9% body effective = 28.1% 900 + 71.9% 1100 effective = 1044 kg/m3 756N = m(9.8) m = 77.1 kg Fscale + FB = mg Fscale = m g - water Fscale = 31.7 N V = 77.1 / 1044 V = 0.0738 m3
FB = waterVg

Fscale = 756 (1000) 0.0738 m3 (9.81 m/s2)

157

Syringe

A hypodermic syringe contains water. The barrel of the syringe has a cross-sectional area of 10-5 m2, and the needle has a cross-sectional area of 10-8 m2. In the absence of a force on the plunger, the pressure

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Steve Boddeker's 122 Physics Homework

throughout is 1 atm. A force of magnitude 3.00 N acts on the plunger, making water squirt horizontally from the needle. What is the speed of the water as it leaves the needles tip. A 1 v 1 = A 2v 2 10-5 v1 = P + v2 + gh v2 (Patm + F/A) + 0 + 0 P 3/(10-5) v2 = 24.5 m/s 10-8 = P2 + v22 = v22 = Patm + v22 = 1000 v22 + gh2 +0

v2 = 1000 v1
So v12 is neglible (below)

#3 A 50 kg woman balances on one heel of a pair of high heeled shoes. If the heel is circular and has a radius of 0.500 cm, what pressure does she exert on the floor? P = F/A P= m g / r2 P = 50kg(9.8m/s2) / (0.005)2 P = 6.24 x 106 Pascals

Dam In the example on our class notes, lets say a hatch 5 meters in width was placed near the bottom of a 30 meter dam. The hinged hatch is located 20 to 22 meters below the surface. The hinge is along the top of the hatch at 20 meters. What is the torque exerted by the water about the hinge?

FOR FUNnot a 122 problem

dF = P dA dA = w dh dF = gh (5 dh) w = 5 meters F = 5g h dh d = F (h 20) d = 5g h dh (h 20) d = 5g (h2 dh - 20h dh)

= 5 1000 9.8 [(h3/3 - 20 h2/2)] = 50000 [(223203)/3 10(222202)] = 2,090,000 Nm CCW

Lever arm is h - 20 dh is from 20 to 22 meters deep.

#20 A U-tube of uniform cross sectional area, open to the atmosphere, is partially filled with mercury. Water is then poured into both arms. If the equilibrium configuration of the tube is with h2 = 1.00 cm determine the value of h1. Pleft = Pright (A left = A right) Fleft Aright = Fright Aleft Fleft = Fright
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1g(h+h1+h2) = 1gh + 13.6gh2 h1+h2 = 13.6h2 h1 = 12.6h2

h 2 = 1.00 cm
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g h =gh + gh 1g(h+h1+h2) = 1gh + 13.6gh2

h1 = 12.6 cm

Ball At the beach by the ocean, what is the force required to submerge a 30.0 Newton beach ball with radius of 20.0 cm under the salt water? FNet = Fdown + = FB saltwater 1030 kg/m3 Fdown + mg = saltwater (V) g Fdown + 30 Fdown = 308 Newtons FW = msaltwater g V = (4/3)r3 V = (4/3)(0.2)3 V = 0.0335 m3

Fdown + 30 = 1030(0.0335) g

#41 Water flows through a fire hose of diameter 6.35 cm at a rate of 0.0120 m3/sec. The fire hose ends in a nozzle of inner diameter (id) of 2.20 cm. What is the speed with which the water exits the nozzle? We know mass/time is constantso A1 x1/t = V2 / t V1 / t = V2 / t r2 (v) = 0.0120 m3/s
Initial diameter (and radius) is irrelevant

v v

= 0.012/ (0.011)2 = 31.6 m/s

#45 Through a pipe 15.0 cm in diameter, water is pumped from the Colorado River up to Grand Canyon Village, located on the rim of the canyon. The river is at an elevation of 564 m and the village is at an elevation of 2096 m. (a) What is the minimum pressure at which the water must be pumped if it is to arrive at the village? (b) If 4500 m3 are pumped per day, what is the speed of the water in the pipe? (c) What additional pressure is necessary to deliver this flow? (a) P + v2 + gh = P2 + v22 + g h2 = 1atm + v22 + 1000(9.8)(2096-564) + 1000(9.8)(2096-564)

(1atm + Pg) + v22 + 0 (1atm + Pg) + 0 + 0

(vinit vfinalif 10 gpm at one point in the hosemust be 10 gpm at any other point) Im also assuming the 564 meter elevation is the bottom so the 2096 meter elevation is the top, so h2 = (2096-564).

= 1atm + 0

P = 1atm + 1000(9.8)(2096-564) P = 1atm + 150 x 105 Pa (b) 4500 m3/d (1d/24h)(24h/3600s) flow rate = 0.052083 m3/sec flow rate = A v .052083 = d2 v
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(c)
This time we need give some extra velocityso

(1atm + Pg) = 1atm + v22 + 1000(9.8)1532 P = 1 atm + 1000(2.95)2 + 150 x 105 Pa P = 1 atm + 4340 Pa + 150 x 105 Pa
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.052083 = .152 v v = 2.95 m/s

P = 1.013 x 105 Pa + 4340 Pa + 150 x 105 Pa P = 151.05 x 105 Pa

#53 A hypodermic syringe contains water. The barrel of the syringe has a cross-sectional area of 2.50 x 10-5 m2, and the needle has a cross-sectional area of 10-8 m2. In the absence of a force on the plunger, the pressure everywhere is 1 atm. A force of magnitude 2.00 N acts on the plunger, making water squirt horizontally from the needle. Determine the speed of the medicine as it leaves the needles tip. ans 12.6m/s A 1 v 1 = A 2v 2 P + v2 + gh = P2 + v22 + gh2 2.50 x 10-5 v1 = 10-8 v2 v2 = 2500 v1
So v12 is neglible (below)

P-P2 P

+0

+ n/a = =

v2

+ v22

+ n/a

2/(2.50 x 10-5) v = 12.6 m/s

= 1000 v2

#8 The small piston in a hydraulic lift has a cross-sectional area of 3.00 cm2, and its large piston has a cross-sectional area of 200 cm2. What force must be applied to the small piston for the lift to rise of a load of 15.0 kN? P1 = P2 F1 200 = 15kN (3) F1 A2 = F2 A1 F1 = 225 N

#14 A cubic tank is filled with water 2.00 meters deep. At the bottom of one side wall is a rectangular hatch 1 m high and 2 meters wide, which is hinged at the top of the hatch. (a) Determine the force the water exerts on the hatch. (b) Find the torque exerted by the water about the hinges. Ans: F = 29,400 N to the right, = 16300 Nm CCW FOR FUNsimilar to the Hinge-Dam problem dF = P dA dF = gh (width dh) dF = gh (2 dh) dF = 2g h dh F = 2g h dh F= F=2
(dh varies from 1 to 2 m) 2g (22 12)

d =

(h 1) (h2 dh - h dh)

Lever arm is h - 1 h is from 1 to 2 meters deep. When h is half way down, say 1 meters deepthe lever from the pivot is meter when its 2 meters deepthe level arm is now 1 meter from the pivot

d = 2g h dh (h 1) d = 2g
(dh varies from 1 to 2 m) g (h3/3 - h2/2)

g (3)

=2 = 2 g (2313)/3 (2212)/2 = 2 g (7/3 3/2) = 2(1000)(9.8) (5/6)

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F = 2(1000)(9.8) (3) F = 29,400 N to the right

= 16300 Nm CCW

thus the lever arm is h-1

#23 A ping pong ball has a diameter of 3.80 cm and average density of 0.0840 g/cc. What force is required to hold it completely submerged under water?
FB = (H2O Vobject)g FW = mg FB = FW + Fpush Fpush = FB - FW Fpush = (H2O Vobject)g - mg Fpush = (H2O Vobject)g (objectVobject)g Fpush = ((H2O - object) Vobject)g Fpush = (1-0.0840) (4/3) (3.8/2)3*980 Fpush = 25,800 dynes = 0.258 Newtons

#29 A cube of wood having an edge dimension of 20.0 cm and a density of 0.650 g/cc floats on water. (a) What is the distance from the horizontal top surface of the cube to the water level? (b) How much lead weight has to be placed on top of the cube so that its top is just level with the water? FB = H20g(Ah) FB = Fcube + FPb FW = g(Ah) FW = FB g(Ah) = H20g(Ah1) (h) = H20(h1) .65(20) = 1 h1 h1 = 13 cm is submerged or 7cm is above the water H20g(V) FPb FPb FPb = cubeg(V) + FPb = gV (H20 - cube) = 27.4 N

= 9.8 (0.2m)3 (1000-650)

(converted 0.650 g/cc to 650 kg / m3) if you noticethe answer in the back of the book is incorrect. Weight is not measured in kg.

#30 A spherical aluminum ball of mass 1.26 kg contains an empty spherical cavity that is concentric with the ball. The ball just barely floats in the water. Calculate (a) the outer radius of the ball and (b) the radius of the cavity. (Al = 2.7 g/cc) mg AlVg = = FB H20Vg (g cancels) m 1260gram 1260 r R3 R = AlV

= 2.7*4/3*(R3- r3)

2.7*4/3*(R3- r3) = 1 (4/3*R3) 1.7 (R)3 R3 = 2.7 (r3) = 1.588r3

= 2.7*4/3*(1.588r3- r3) = 5.74 cm = 1.588r3 = 6.70 cm

#43 At a faucet the diameter of the stream of water is 0.960 cm. The stream fills a 125 cc container in 16.3 seconds. Find the reduced diameter of stream 13.0 cm below the opening of the
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faucet? ans 0.247 cm Use conservation of energy to solve for velocity mgh = mv2 v = 159.6 cm/s then use Same formula as in #41 r2 (v) r2 = (V2 / t) / (v) = V2 / t

r2 = (125cc/16.3s) / (*159.6) r = 0.1237 d = 0.246 cm

#51 A siphon is used to drain water from a tank. The siphon has a uniform diameter. Assume steady flow without friction. (a) If the distance h = 1.00 m, find the speed of outflow at the end of the siphon. (b) What If? What is the limitation on the height of the top of the siphon above the water surface? (For the flow of the liquid to be continuous, the pressure must not drop
below the vapor pressure of the liquid.)

(a) Po + rv2+rgh = Po + rv2+rgh Po + 0 rgh v = (2gh)1/2 v = (2g*1)1/2 v = 4.43 m/s +rgh = Po + rv2 + 0 = rv2

(b) P2 + rv22 + rgh2 = P3 + rv32+rgh3 P2 + rgh2 = Po + rg(0) P2 = Po - rgh2 / -r g / rg h2 = (P2 - Po) h2 = (0 - Po)

v2 = v3

v1 << (v2 or v3) P3 = Po (open) h 3 = 0 (at the bottom) vtop 0 m/s so

h2 = 1.013 x 105 / (1000*9.8) h2 = 10.3 meters

P2 = A 2v2 0 m/s

Instructor solutions incorrectit states that since P2 is > 0, we can drop P2 out of the equation. If the student includes thisthen give the student only credit since the student is just copying directly from the solutions manual without thinking.

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