Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Contamination

{
http://www.marcellus.psu.edu/images/Wells-all.gif

Aimira Sharipova, Aziza Bekkuzhina, Alexandra Pearce

http://www.marcellus.psu.edu/images/horizontal_well.gif

Frac Fluids.
5 types of fluids are involved in hydraulic fracturing method:
1. gelled fluids (ex. diesel fuel) 2. foamed gels (isopropanol)
http://momentivefracline.com/the-basics-of-fracturing-chemicals

3. water and water containing potassium chloride 4. acids (hydrochloric acid) 5. fluid additives (breaker fluids)

Amy Sancetta / ASSOCIATED PRESS A brine injection well owned by Northstar Disposal Services LLC, Youngstown, OH. The company has halted operations at the well, which disposes of brine used in gas and oil drilling, after a series of small earthquakes hit the Youngstown area.

http://citizensvoice.com/news/more-injection-wells-proposed-for-pa-sites-1.1258379

Disposal

Wyoming Gas Field

http://www.outsideonline.com/blog/energy-literacy-part-iv-an-energetic-gallery.html

Conclusion

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