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9 March 2011
Land Survey Ordinance (Cap 473) Section 28 Responsibility of an authorized land surveyor
(1) An authorized land surveyor shall ensure that every land boundary survey or any part thereof undertaken by him is carried out, whether by himself or by other persons under his supervision or direction, in accordance with the requirements of any code of practice approved under this ordinance.
(2) An authorized land surveyor shall ensure that any field note, survey record plan or land boundary plan prepared by him or by other persons under his supervision or direction complies with the requirements of any code of practice approved under this ordinance, .
(4) An authorized land surveyor shall be personally responsible for the accuracy and completeness of every land boundary plan signed and certified by him .., and he shall be liable for any loss or damage suffered by any person as a result of any inaccuracy or incompleteness of any land boundary plan so signed and certified.
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Code of Practice, 4th Edition (Revised) December 2006 --- approved under Land Survey Ordinance Part F Establishment of Control Stations using GPS
Appendix F -- Specifications and practice guide for establishing GPS control stations for land boundary survey (October 2004, version 2.0). 30. Control stations established by using GPS shall comply with the accuracy standard and quality requirements as stipulated in Part I of Appendix F. Authorized Land Surveyors are required to follow the recommended practice for establishing such control stations and maintaining survey records for quality checking as set out in Part II of Appendix F.
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The Code of Practice (4th Edition 2006) Part I The mandatory requirements in accuracy standard and quality requirement
(1) The standard error of any GPS baseline measurement shall not exceed , where
= 30 mm;
whichever is the less.
(2) Control Origin A new station to be fixed by GPS technique shall be connected to at least two Hong Kong GPS Control Stations established by the Geodetic Survey Section of Lands Department and situated within 20 km from the new station. A GPS control station shall be checked before it is adopted as a control origin. The discrepancy between any measured baseline component and the respective computed baseline component derived from published values shall be less than 2. i.e.
dLat obs dLat comp < 2 dLong obs dLong comp < 2
and
(3) Station connection Every new GPS station shall be fixed by at least 3 independent GPS baselines connected directly to, at least, two GPS control stations.
(4) Observation sessions At least two sessions of observation shall be made for each GPS baseline. The time lapse between observation sessions shall not be less than 30 minutes at different times of day.
(5) GPS Baseline processing All GPS baseline solutions shall be integer ambiguity fixed solutions. The discrepancy of any baseline component of repeated baselines (i.e.
dLat maximum dLat minimum, dLong maximum dLong minimum shall be less than 2 (2)
or equivalent)
(6) Least squares network adjustment All GPS baselines used for computing the solution shall be independent baselines. Every new GPS station shall be fixed by at least 3 independent baselines obtained from not less than 2 observation sessions. The residuals of GPS baseline components (i.e. VLat, VLong or equivalent) shall be less than 2.
A case showing : how to carry out GPS control survey how to demonstrate compliance of the requirements of the Code of Practice. Purpose of the Job: provide control points for re-establishment of the boundary of a lot.
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Control Diagram
Site
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Control Diagram
To Nail 2
Site
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Accuracy Standard
Code of Practice of Land Survey Ordinance, 4th edition 2006
Linear misclosure = (10 + 2S / 15) mm, where S = total length of traverse in metre Angular misclosure = 30 n seconds, where n = number of survey station in the traverse
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Nail 1
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Nail 2
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Nail 3
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Equipment Used
1. Static GPS measurement One GPS receiver
Second Observation Session Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Occupy Station 1 Occupy Station 2 Occupy Station 3 (15 minutes) (15 minutes) (15 minutes) 1.5 hours
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2 hours measurement time were spent for : Establish 3 GPS control station 3 traverse stations Taking shots of the house and other boundary features
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Checking of origin Baseline processing Network adjustment Independent check by terrestrial measurement
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Check Origin
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