June 2012!

1000x: More small cells

Taking HetNets to the Next Level!

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Mobile data tra"ic growthindustry preparing for 1000x!

1000x!
data tra"ic growth**! global data tra"ic growth!

preparing for!

~2x!

from 2010- 2011*!

*Global growth per Cisco, May 12 , some regions grew more/less. **1000x would be e.g. reached if mobile data tra"ic doubled ten times, but Qualcomm does not make predictions when 1000x will happen, we work on the solutions to enable 1000x !

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Rising to meet the 1000x mobile data challenge!

Higher e"iciency!
Evolve 3G/4G/Wi-Fi! HetNets! Interference Mgmt/SON! Intelligently Access 3G/4G/Wi-Fi!

More spectrum!

In low and higher bands!

More small cells

Everywhere!!

More ad-hoc small cells!

And inside-out deployment!
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We can reach the air link limitShannons Law !

Still ways to improve system capacity! !
Number of antennas! More spectrum! E.g. Mitigate interference!

Capacity # n ! W ! log2( 1+

Signal! Noise!

)!

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The biggest gainre-use Shannons Law everywhere! !

Number of antennas! More spectrum! E.g. Mitigate interference!

Capacity # n ! W ! log2( 1+

Signal! Noise!

)!

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Extreme densication3G/4G+Wi-Fi small cells everywhere!

Driving low cost, small size and ease of deployment!

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Taking HetNets to the next level!

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~3X!

~1.6X! 1X!
Small Cell

Dual-Carrier !

Macro,

4 Small Cells 4 Small Cells + Range Expansion ! added ! Median Gain1

Range expansion possible with HSPA+ today

and LTE Advanced (eICIC/IC)!

For same amount of Spectrum!

HSPA+ example, Similar Gain for LTE Advanced!

1000x begins with optimizations available today range expansion further increases capacity!
1 !Gain in median downlink data rate, 4 small cells of pico type added per macro

and 50 % of users dropped in clusters closer to picos (within 40m), Model PA3 full bu"er ISD 500m. Enabling range expansion features: reduced power on second macro carrier, dual carrier devices and mitigating uplink and downlink imbalance (3dB Cell-individual o"set (CIO) and pico noise-gure pad)!

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1000x!

~37X
More small cells:! ! Hyper Dense HetNets! SMALL CELL ! More ad-hoc deployed small cells, neighborhood small cells! More Spectrum: ! SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL ! 5x, 10x as it becomes available! SMALL CELL SMALL CELL Next Generation Interference Coordination ! SMALL CELL SMALL CELL ! Advanced Receivers! SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL ! Self Organizing Networks (SON)! SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL And More (Opportunistic Small Cells, Multiow,)!
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL

~21X
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

~11X

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

~6X
+4 Small Cells ! +8 Small Cells ! +16 Small Cells ! +32 Small Cells !

Capacity scales with small cells

LTE Advanced with 2x Spectrum added!

added1!

The roadmap to 1000x: more small cells, more spectrum and improved techniques!
1 !Assumptions: Pico type of small cell, 10MHz@2GHz + 10MHz@3.6GHz,D1 scenario macro 500m ISD, uniform user distribution scenario. Gain is median throughput improvement, from baseline with macro only on 10MHz@2GH, part of gain is addition of 10MHz

spectrum. Users uniformly distributeda hotspot scenario could provide higher gains. Macro and outdoor small cells sharing spectrum (co-channel)!

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Very low-cost indoor solutions,! deployed by user!

Low-cost outdoor/indoor! solutions deployed by operator !

Hyper dense self-organizing ad-hoc unplanned small cells !

Introduce coordination between all small cells (LTE Advanced)!

HetNets interference mitigation and mobility study item (LTE/HSPA+)!

RESIDENTIAL ENTERPRISE METRO

Indoor small cells for! Residential/enterprise!

Tighter Wi-Fi and 3G/4G interworking!

Relay and Pico/Metro/RRH small cells for indoor/outdoor hotspots!

Examples: Next Generation ! Interference Coordination/Mitigation!

10! 10!

Tighter Wi-Fi3G/4G interworking!

Convergence of Cellular and Wi-Fi Infrastructure!

1)" Seamless Access Passpoint/Hotspot 2.01 2) !Operator Deployed Wi-Fi access managed via 3G/4G2!
!

Combine Wi-Fi and 3G/4G!

1 !Passpoint is the WFA certied implementation of hotspot 2.0, supported by Qualcomm, which enables a simpler, secure and seamless access to Wi-Fi networks.! 2!Such as more dynamic control of which tra"ic to o"load to Wi-Fi through device centric and/or network centric solutions. Standards enhancements for RAN network centric

interworking approaches considered for R12 and beyond. !

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Next generation advanced receivers!

To mitigate interferenceeven more benecial in dense HetNets! !
HSPA+ cancels inter-cell common and tra"ic channels1! LTE advanced can cancel common signaling2! Next step for LTE advanced: further enhanced LTE receivers!

Serving cell!

Inter cell interference!

Interference Cancellation!
1 !Qualcomms commercial Q-ICE supports equalization and inter-cell interference cancellation. 2Performance requirement added to 3GPP for cancellation of common signaling (PSS/SSS/PBCH/CRS) in Rel 10/11. !

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Opportunistic small cells for dense HetNets!

Reduces energy consumption! Reduces interference to further improve capacity! Possible today1!

Device triggered small cells (on/dormant)!

1 !Dormant small cells triggered by the presence of active devices in the vicinity (for 3G/4G).!

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Combine multiple cells and technologies!

WAN Booster! WAN Anchor! Wi-Fi Booster!
Macro ! Small Cell !

Across carriers1! Across cells multiow2!

Interworking across technologies3!

Improved o"load to small cells!

1 !Carrier aggregation from 3GPP R8 HSPA+, and from

E"icient network load balancing!

Improved mobility!
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R10 LTE . 2 Multiow is part of 3GPP R11 HSPA+ and R12 LTE candidate. 3 RAN interworking across LTE, HSPA+ and Wi-Fi is an 3GPP R12 candidate. !

UltraSON enables hyper-dense deployments for 1000x!

Self-Conguration Mobility

Planned/Unplanned Deployment

UltraSON!
Solves multiple challenges!

Qualcomms

Reliable Outdoor Service

Backhaul Sharing

Coordination with small cells, macro

UltraSON is Qualcomms suite of Self Organizing features for small cells. UltraSON initially supports restricted access private (commercialized) and future open access, open.

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Evolution to low cost ad-hoc small cells!

Viral, more unplanned deployments, licensed spectrum, managed by the operator!
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Extreme densication requires new ways of deploying!

Evolution to lower cost ad-hoc small cell deployments!
Viral, more unplanned, e.g. where backhaul existsmore like Wi-Fi! Plug & play, self organizing, coordinated small cells! Licensed spectrum ensures quality of service ! AD-HOC PARTNER DEPLOYED
Such as utility provider

Open access indoor residential neighborhood small cells

AD-HOC USER DEPLOYED!

Indoor/outdoor, lampposts, walls, malls, anywhere

AD-HOC OPERATOR DEPLOYED

Managed and controlled by the operator!

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Evolution to low cost inside-out deployments!

The majority of tra"ic is indoors1why not also capture the outside?!
Capacity From The Outside To Outside/Inside users! Capacity From The Inside Also serving Outside users!

Using Available Backhaul/Power !

TRADITIONAL OUTSIDE-IN!
1

INSIDE-OUT !
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>70% of mobile data traffic is consumed indoors and steadily increasing

Tests show indoor small cells providing coverage outside!

Signal Strength! [dBm]! -55 to -65*!

Excellent Performance!

~7% !
Household small cell penetration!

-65 to -75!

-75 to -85!

Very Good Performance!

-85 to -95!

-95 to -105!

-105 to -115!
Shows actual measured received pilot strength for a small cell deployment: -115dBm results in ~700kbps for Rel-7 5MHz in thermal noise limited case; Points less than -115dBm are not shown on the plots.!

Acceptable Performance!
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Even low small cell penetration provides good performance!

~54%!
o"loaded to small cells!

~79%!
o"loaded!

~96%!
o"loaded!

2%!

5%!

20%!
Gain not sensitive to external wall loss!
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Household penetration, neighborhood small cells!

Low transmit power su"icient1!

1 !Example for LTE FDD, 2x2 MIMO. Assumptions: 70% indoor users, 200 Active users per macrocell, small cells randomly dropped in households in a mix of 2 to 6 story apartments Macro uses

2GHz and small cells uses 3.5GHz. Shows the percentage of users o"loaded to the small cells 1Interference limited, not coverage limited; 20mW or less is su"icient (we compared 20mW/13 dBm with a baseline of 100mW/20dBm). !

Taking viral, ad-hoc deployed small cells to the next level!

Our over-the-air network will be expanded to a hyper dense network!
We Plan To Demonstrate (2013):! ! " Unplanned, ad-hoc, inside-out deployment! ! " Controlled and managed network! ! " Coordinated small cells! ! " Robust indoor and outdoor operation ! ! " Seamless mobility within small cell and macro layer! ! " Capacity gain!
Macro cell site location (additional macros not shown)!

Example locations of indoor small cell locations in Qualcomms campus!

Source: Google Earth!

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Examples of future enhancements on the path to 1000x!

! Higher order MIMO (e.g. from 2x2 to 4x4)

1000X1!
Add 10x spectrum! ~ 20 % Household Penetration!
Median throughput gain versus Macro only baseline!

especially benecial indoor/hotspot!

! Higher order modulation (e.g. 256 QAM)

can be used more often indoor/hotspot!

1000X!
With Less spectrum!
And/or!! And/or

! Opportunistically turn small cell on/dormant with

usage, benecial for hyper dense deployments !

! And more!

Fewer small cells!

1 !Example for LTE FDD, 2x2 MIMO baseline. Assumptions: 70% indoor users, 200 Active users per macro, small cells randomly dropped in households in a mix of 2 to 6 story apartments. 20% household penetration equals ~ 144 small cells per macro.!

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Product solutions!
Powering 1000x!
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Qualcomm Atheros small cell vision!

Solutions across wireless technologies and small cell segments ! Challenges! Qualcomm di"erentiation!
! ! ! ! !
3G/4G/Wi-Fi Co-existence! Scalability ! HetNet ! QoS management! Backhaul!

! ! ! ! !

Multimode SoC and integrated reference designs! Scalable FSM platform from residential to higher capacity outdoor cells! SW solutions enabling eICIC, UltraSON and Passpoint/HotSpot 2.0! Connection management solutions for multimode access point! Integrated wireless backhaul and other backhaul options such as HomePlug PLC, PON, Ethernet!

Neighborhood/residential!

Enterprise!

Metro/Pico/Micro!

FSM92xx!

FSM98xx!

FSM99xx!

DAN3xxx!
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Summary: Qualcomm enables small cell solutions for 1000x!

Multiple paths to 1000x with di"erent small cell types and sizes, indoor, outdoor, !

End-to-End Approach!

New small cells Deployment models!

Enabling Technologies!

Enabling Small Cell Product Solutions!

Standards!

Devices! R&D!

Small cells and wireless backhaul!

Small Cells!

Demonstrating hyperdense HetNets in 2013!

More Ad-Hoc, Inside-Out and! neighborhood small cells!

Interference management UltraSON!

3G/4G+Wi-Fi integration!
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Will there be 1000x demand? Its just a matter of time !

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Driving Network Evolution!

to learn more, go to ! " More details provided at:
! 1) 1000x: More Spectrum www.qualcomm.com/spectrum ! 2) 1000x: More Small Cells www.qualcomm.com/HetNets ! 3) 1000x: Higher efficiency www.qualcomm.com/e"iciency

www.qualcomm.com/1000x

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Questions? - Connect with Us!

www.qualcomm.com/technology! http://www.qualcomm.com/blog/contributors/prakash-sangam! @Qualcomm_tech ! http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8AD95E4F585237C1&feature=plcp! http://www.slideshare.net/qualcommwirelessevolution! http://storify.com/qualcomm_tech!
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