Session 6

Immunization

Learning Objectives
By the end of this session, the students will be able to

!"# review the $rinci$les of immunology% !2# chec& the child's immunization status% !(# recommend the $ro$er immunization to all sic& children% and !)# demonstrate the $ro$er techni*ue of immunization
2

Immunization
Disease prevention means immunizing infants and young children against preventable viral and bacterial diseases. +oal of immunization to confer long lasting immunity against infectious diseases . - immediate goal is prevention of disease in individuals or groups - ultimate goal is eradication of disease . Physicians, therefore, must maintain timely immunization, (both active and passive) as high priority in the care of infants and children; and must complete the course of immunizations.

,hec& the child's Immunization Status

-ge At irth & 'ee(s *, 'ee(s *. 'ee(s 0 months .accine !", # $% DP)*, +P$* DP)-, +P$-, # $DP)/, +P$/,# $/ 1easles

/ecide if child needs an immunization today or if the mother should be told to come bac& with the child at a later date for immunization0

2ollow /O3 4ecommended Immunization Schedule

.accine5 4oute !" 2%D # $ 2%1 DP)2 %1 +P$2P+ 1easles2 3! 6inimum -ge -t 2irst /ose irth irth & 'ee(s & 'ee(s 0 months 7umber 6inimum Interval of /oses Between doses8 * / / / *

. 'ee(s . 'ee(s . 'ee(s

4)his provides ma5imal immunity to the 6 7P% diseases before the child8s *st birthday.

(*) "ive the recommended vaccine 'hen the child is at the appropriate age for each dose. (-) All children should receive all the recommended immunizations before their *st birthday. (/) %f the child do not come for an immunization at the recommended age. "ive necessary immunization any time after the child reaches that age. (.) 9o need to repeat the 'hole schedule

,ontraindications to Immunization
1inor

illness is not a contraindication to immunization, should not delay immunization is very important to immunize sic( and malnourished children against tuberculosis, #epatitis , 1easles, Polio, Diphtheria, Pertussis : )etanus

%t

Situations ,ontraindicated to Immunization

B,+ : /O not give B,+ to a child &nown to have -I/S /;< : /O not give /;<25/;<( to a child who had convulsive seizures, shoc& or any other adverse reaction after the most recent dose0 Instead, give /< /;< : /o not give to a child with recurrent convulsions or another active neurological disease of the central nervous system O;. : If the child has diarrhea, give a dose of O;., but do not count the dose, as& the mother to return in ) wee&s for the missing dose of O;.

%f

the child is going to be referred, do not immunize the child before referral

>?ercise /ecide if contraindicated or not

If the child $neumonia

Immunize this child 7o Immunization <oday today if scheduled 3as no

3as cough or cold 3as diarrhea 3as -I/S 3as no immunization at all 3as fever 3as current anti@ 6icrobial thera$y 3as local s&in Infection 3as convulsion after /;<" A needs /;<2 A O;.2 today 3as chronic 3eart ;roblem 3as 6alnutrition

>?ercise /ecide if contraindicated or not

If the ,hild Immunize this child today if scheduled 7o Immunization <oday

3as recent e?$osure to Infectious /isease Is e?clusively breastfed 3as older brother with convulsion last year 3as mild to moderate local reaction !soreness, redness, swelling# Is in the convalescent $hase of Illness 3as $ersonal or family history of $enicillin allergies5other allergies 3as <etanus

>?ercise /ecide if contraindicated or not

If the child

Immunize this child <oday if scheduled

7o Immunization <oday

"C

Is an aty$ical 5 s$ecial host ; ,ongenital disorders of immune function ! no live virus nor live bacteria vaccines# ; ,orticosteroid 5Immuno@ su$$ressive thera$y ; 3as immuneglobulin or blood or $ac&ed rbc5 $latelet5 22;5 ,ryo$reci$itate transfusion ; 3as household contacts of ;ersons with immunologic /eficiency ! no O;. # @ 3as $oste?$osure to 3e$atitis B 6easles /i$htheria ;ertussis <etanus

-ssess other $roblems

Assess

any other problems mentioned by the mother or observed during the physical e5amination. <efer to any guidelines on treatment of the problems. <efer to the hospital if= - )he infant has a serious problem - >ou do not (no' ho' to help the infant
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