Colossal enhancement of spin orbit coupling in weakly hydrogenated graphene

J. Balakrishnan, G. K. W. Koon, M. Jaiswal, A. H. Castro Neto, B. zilmaz Nature 9, 284 (2013)

Outline
Spin orbit in graphene Spin Hall effect and measurement Fabrication of the samples Measurements at RT and 4K Conclusion

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Spin orbit coupling in graphene

with

Flat graphene:

Spin Atomic spin orbit strength, l=s,p,d.. SO gap States at K/K point States at A/B point Energy of orbital V Hopping parameter

Curved graphene:

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Konschuh, PRB 82 245412 (2010); J. Balakrishnan, DOI:10.1038/NPHYS2576

Spin Hall effect

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J. E. Hirsch, PRL 83, 9 (1999); J. Balakrishnan, DOI:10.1038/NPHYS2576

Sample fabrication
Graphene exfoliation EBL for contacts EBL for Hall bar Coating of sample with HSQ EBL exposure of HSQ

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J. Balakrishnan, G. K. W. Koon, M. Jaiswal, A. H. Castro Neto, B. zyilmaz, DOI:10.1038/NPHYS2576

Calculation of impurity concentration

Hydrogenation =

Dose ~

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J. Balakrishnan, G. K. W. Koon, M. Jaiswal, A. H. Castro Neto, B. zyilmaz, DOI:10.1038/NPHYS2576

RNL, Rohmic and measurements

W Width of sample L Length of sample Resistivity

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J. Balakrishnan, G. K. W. Koon, M. Jaiswal, A. H. Castro Neto, B. zyilmaz, DOI:10.1038/NPHYS2576

In-plane magnetic field dependence T=4 K

Gyromagnetic ratio Spin diffusion constant Spin precession length Width of sample Length of sample Spin Hall coefficent Spin dephasing time
Sample hydrogentation: 0.01%

12.07.2013

J. Balakrishnan, G. K. W. Koon, M. Jaiswal, A. H. Castro Neto, B. zyilmaz, DOI:10.1038/NPHYS2576

Width and length dependence of RNL, RT

=1 m

~
H = 0.02%, =1600cm2/(VS) H = 0.05%, =900cm2/(VS)
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H = 0.01%, =1400cm2/(VS)
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J. Balakrishnan, G. K. W. Koon, M. Jaiswal, A. H. Castro Neto, B. zyilmaz, DOI:10.1038/NPHYS2576

Determination of s and SO
Elliott-Yafet scattering Fermi energy Momentum relaxation time SO coupling strength

At adatom (H), out of plane bending: and orbital mixing! SO becomes first order effect

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J. Balakrishnan, DOI:10.1038/NPHYS2576:

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Conclusion
Increase of SOE by partial hydrogenation of graphene Measurement of SHE in graphene using SOE Oscilation of RNL in dependence of BII Clear dependence of RNL with the sample width and

length

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Dresselhaus and Rashba terms

Starting Hamiltonian: Dresselhaus term: Rashba term:

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J. Balakrishnan, DOI:10.1038/NPHYS2576:

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