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Mill (grinding)
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Mill

( ta)letop hammer mill Other names Uses Related items #rinding mill #rinding *ortar and pestle +,peller +,truder

( grinding mill is a unit operation designed to )reak a solid material into smaller pieces. -here are man different t pes of grinding mills and man t pes of materials processed in them. Historicall mills were powered ) hand !mortar and pestle$, working animal, wind !windmill$ or water !watermill$. -oda the are also powered ) electricit . -he grinding of solid matters occurs under e,posure of mechanical forces that trench the structure ) o'ercoming of the interior )onding forces. (fter the grinding the state of the solid is changed& the grain si.e, the grain si.e disposition and the grain shape. #rinding ma ser'e the following purposes in engineering&

increase of the surface area of a solid manufacturing of a solid with a desired grain si.e pulping of resources

Contents
[hide]

/ #rinding laws 0 #rinding degree 1 #rinding machines

o o o o o o o o

1./ 2all mill 1.0 "od mill 1.1 S(# mill 1.3 (utogenous mill 1.4 5e))le mill 1.6 High pressure grinding rolls 1.7 2uhrstone mill 1.8 9ertical shaft impactor mill !9S: mill$

3 - pes of grinding mills 4 See also 6 "eferences 7 +,ternal links

[edit] Grinding laws

:n spite of a great num)er of studies in the field of fracture schemes there is no formula known which connects the technical grinding work with grinding results. -o calculate the needed grinding work against the grain si.e changing three half;empirical models are used&

<:=< for d > 4? mm 2OND for 4? mm > d > ?.?4 mm

":--:N#+" for d @ ?.?4 mm

with W as grinding work in k%Akg, c as grinding coefficient, d( as grain si.e of the source material and d+ as grain si.e of the ground material. ( relia)le 'alue for the grain si.es d( and d+ is d8?. -his 'alue signifies that 8?B !mass$ of the solid matter has a smaller grain si.e. -he 2ONDCs grinding coefficient for different materials can )e found in 'arious literature. -o calculate the <:=<Cs and ":--:N#+"Cs coefficients following formulas can )e used

with the limits of 2ONDCs range& upper d2D E 4? mm and lower d2F E ?.?4 mm.

[edit] Grinding degree

-o e'aluate the grinding results the grain si.e disposition of the source material !/$ and of the ground material !0$ is needed. #rinding degree is the ratio of the si.es from the grain disposition. -here are se'eral definitions for this characteristic 'alue&

#rinding degree referring to grain si.e d8?

:nstead of the 'alue of d8? also d4? or other grain diameter can )e used. #rinding degree referring to specific surface

-he specific surface area referring to 'olume S' and the specific surface area referring to mass Sm can )e found out through e,periments. 5retended grinding degree

-he discharge die gap a of the grinding machine is used for the ground solid matter in this formula.

[edit] Grinding machines

:n materials processing a grinder is a machine for producing fine particle si.e reduction through attrition and compressi'e forces at the grain si.e le'el. See also crusher for mechanisms producing larger particles. Since the grinding process needs generall a lot of energ , an original e,perimental wa to measure the energ used locall during milling with different machines was proposed recentl .[/]

[edit] all mill

( t pical t pe of fine grinder is the )all mill. ( slightl inclined or hori.ontal rotating c linder is partiall filled with )alls, usuall stone or metal, which grinds material to the necessar fineness ) friction and impact with the tum)ling )alls. -he feed is at one end of the c linder and the discharge is at the other. 2all mills are commonl used in the manufacture of 5ortland cement. -hese industrial )all mills are mainl )ig machines. Small 'ersions of )all mills can )e found in la)oratories where the are used for grinding sample material for Gualit assurance.

[edit] Rod mill

( rotating drum causes friction and attrition )etween steel rods and ore particles.[citation needed] 2ut note that the term Crod millC is also used as a s non m for a slitting mill, which makes rods of iron or other metal.

[edit] !"G mill

5rinciple of S(# *ill operation S(# is an acron m for Semi;(utogenous #rinding, and applies to mills that utili.e steel )alls in addition to large rocks for grinding. -he S(# mills use a minimal )all charge of 6 to /4B. ( rotating drum throws large rocks and steel )alls in a cataracting motion which causes impact )reakage of larger rocks and compressi'e grinding of finer particles. (ttrition in the charge causes grinding of finer particles. S(# mills are characteri.ed ) their large diameter and short length. -he inside of the mill is lined with lifting plates to lift the material inside up and around the inside of the mill, where it then falls off the plates and falls )ack down. S(# mills are primaril used in the gold, copper and platinum industries with applications also in the lead, .inc, sil'er, alumina and nickel industries.

[edit] "#togeno#s mill

( rotating drum throws large rocks in a cataracting motion which causes impact )reakage of larger rocks and compressi'e grinding of finer particles. :t is similar in operation to a S(# mill as descri)ed a)o'e )ut does not use steel )alls in the mill. (ttrition in the charge causes grinding of finer particles. (lso known as "O* or H"un Of *ineH grinding.

[edit] $e%%le mill

( rotating drum causes friction and attrition )etween rock pe))les and ore particles. *a )e used where product contamination ) iron from steel )alls must )e a'oided.

[edit] &igh press#re grinding rolls

-he ore is fed )etween two rollers which are pushed firml together while their rotating motion pushes the ore through a small gap )etween them. +,treme pressure causes the rocks to fracture into finer particles and also causes microfracturing at the grain si.e le'el. :t consists of a pair of hori.ontal c lindrical rollers through which material is passed. -he two rollers rotate in opposite directions, HnippingH and crushing material )etween them. ( similar t pe of intermediate crusher is the edge runner, which consists of a circular pan with two or more hea' wheels known as mullers rotating within itI material to )e crushed is sho'ed underneath the wheels using attached plow )lades.

[edit] #hrstone mill

(nother t pe of fine grinder commonl used is the )uhrstone mill, which is similar to old; fashioned flour mills.

[edit] 'ertical sha(t impactor mill ('!) mill)

- pe of fine grinder which uses a free impact of rock or ore particles with a wear plate. High speed of the motion of particles is achie'ed with a rotating accelerator. -his t pe of mill uses the same principle as 9S: =rusher

[edit] *+pes o( grinding mills

2all mill =olloid mill =onical mill Disk mill +dge mill #rist mill, also called flour mill or corn mill Hammer mill *ortar and pestle 5ellet mill 9S: mill Wile mill Windmill

[edit] !ee also

2urr grinder

=offee grinder +,peller +,truder #rist mill Her) grinder *illstone "ock crusher

[edit] Re(erences
/. , 2aron *., =hama ou (., *archioro F, "affi %., (d'. 5owder -echnol., 0??4, /6, 1, /JJ; 0/0.

[edit] -.ternal links

(nimation of Hori.ontal #rinder 9ideo of fine grinder in mining application

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