J. Astrophys. Astr.

(1985) 6, 159164

Spectroscopic Binaries near the North Galactic Pole Paper 13: HD 110195 R. F. Griffin*
The Observatories, Madingley Road, Cambridge, England CB30HA

Received 1985 June 5; accepted 1985 June 27

Abstract. Photoelectric radial-velocity measurements show that the tenth magnitude object HD 110195 is a double-lined spectroscopic binary. It consists of two very similar late-G dwarfs in an orbit having high eccentricity and a period of 18 days.
Key words: radial velocitiesspectroscopic binariesstars, individual

HD 110195 is a late-type star about 3 following Com, At a Galactic latitude of more than 87, it is closer to the Galactic Pole than any spectroscopic binary whose orbit has been determined previously, either in this series of papers or elsewhere. It is amongst the faintest Henry Draper Catalogue stars in the North Galactic Pole field, being fainter than tenth magnitude. Two photoelectric determinations have been made of the magnitude of HD 110195: Harris & Upgren (1964) found V = 10.14, (B V) = 0.74, (U B) = 0.34, whereas McClure & Crawford (1971) found V = 10.04, (B V) = 0.74. The latter authors did not comment on the discrepancy between their own determination of the V magnitude and the earlier one. The V magnitude derived from Geneva photometry (Rufener 1980) is 10.13. There is an equally serious discordance between the two MK types to be found in the literature: Stock & Wehlau (1956) obtained G3 V, but Woolley et al. (1981) preferred G8 V. McClure & Crawford (1971) inferred a type of G9 V from narrow-band photometry, but their result is not an actual classification of the spectrum. HD 110195 is the first binary shown in the present series of papers to be double-lined. Its faintness, together with the splitting of the dip on radial-velocity traces into two nearly equal parts (each, of course, only about half as deep as a single star of the same spectral type would give) makes it a difficult object to observe with the Cambridge radial-velocity instrument (Griffin 1967). This paper accordingly relies to an unusual extent on observations made with the spectrometer (Griffin & Gunn 1974) at the Palomar 200-inch telescope, where HD 110195 has been observed as a matter of some priority in recent seasons; and observations made with the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory instrument (Fletcher et al. 1982) have also been helpful.

* Guest Investigator, Palomar Observatory; Visiting Observer, Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, Victoria

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A recent Palomar radial-velocity trace, illustrating the double-lined nature of HD 110195 at a time when the components of the binary exhibited a mutual difference of velocity of more than 100 km s1, is shown in Fig. 1. There is seen to be a difference of about 10 per cent between the depths of the two dips. Within observational error, such an inequality is shown by all Palomar traces of the object, its mean value being 12.7 1.6 per cent. The difference is sufficient to permit unambiguous identification of the respective components from Palomar traces; but the same is not true of traces obtained at Cambridge or the DAO, for which the component assignments often had to be made retrospectively after the orbital period was discovered. Because the intrinsic depth of the dip increases towards later spectral types throughout the G-dwarf sequence, the difference in luminosity of the components of HD 110195 (in the wavelength range used by the radial-velocity spectrometers, ~ B) is somewhat greater than the difference in dip depths; it may be estimated at 16 per cent or 0.16 mag, and corresponds (Allen 1973) to a difference in spectral type of rather less than one sub-class. The sum of the absolute depths of the dips is consonant with the depth expected for a late-G dwarf but (like the broad-band colour indices) is too great to correspond to the type of G3 V favoured by Stock & Wehlau. There is one measurement of the radial velocity of HD 110195 in the literature, made photographically in 1970 by Woolley et al. (1981) at Kottamia. The dispersion (66 mm1) was too small to resolve the components, and the velocity obtained was close to the -velocity derived below. The first photoelectric observation was made at Cambridge in 1973; unfortunately it was at a phase when the two dips in the trace were juxtaposed but not superposed, and the double-lined nature of the object was not recognized although it did confuse the measurement of the trace. The discovery of the double lines was made when HD 110195 was next observed, at Palomar in 1978. Altogether 12 Palomar observations have now been made, and 12 Cambridge and 4 DAO measurements at times when the traces were not seriously compromised by juxtaposition or blending of the dips. All the radial velocities are collected in Table 1. In other papers, in the present series no special weighting has been accorded to Palomar observations, notwithstanding that they are normally more accurate than Cambridge ones. The ideas behind this policy are (a) to avoid the attribution of a great

Figure 1. Palomar radial-velocity trace of HD 110195, observed on 1984 December 2. The points represent the photon counts in a set of independent bins corresponding to a uniformly spaced set of longitudinal displacements of a specially constructed mask upon which the stellar spectrum is focussed. A more complete description of the equipment and procedure is given by Griffin & Gunn (1974).

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Table 1. Photoelectric radial-velocity measurements of HD 110195.

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* Observatory code: C = Cambridge 36-inch telescope (Griffin 1967) = Palomar 200-inch telescope (Griffin & Gunn 1974) V = Dominion Astrophysical Observatory 48-inch telescope (Fletcher et al. 1982) Blended dips. Not used in orbital solution. Blended dips, but on Palomar trace can be split (Griffin 1982) Used in solution with weight 1. Closely juxtaposed dips; attempts to read both velocities From them were manifestly unsuccessful, and the results have been rejected.

deal of weight to just a very few isolated observations, and (b) since there are so few Palomar observations their weighting will not make much difference to the orbital solution anyway. A different attitude seems to be called for in the case of HD 110195, where the two principal sources have provided similar numbers of observations of manifestly different quality, the Palomar ones being perfectly satisfactory whereas the Cambridge ones are mostly rather marginal. In principle the proper weighting should

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be determined by the orbital solution itself, through successive iterations; but it is difficult to apply such a principle in the present case, where the result hinges upon the retention or rejection of one particular observation whose seemingly wild residuals provide two-thirds of the total variance of all the Palomar measurements. In other cases where Cambridge observations have been obtained only with difficulty (e.g. Griffin et al. 1985), weights of Palomar 4, Cambridge 1 have been found to do reasonable justice to the respective sources, and those weights are adopted here. Then, on the proper basis of the orbital residuals, Victoria measures have been given the same weight as Cambridge ones, and all observations of the secondary have had their weights multiplied by 0.6. The final orbital solution derived from the data given in Table 1 on the basis of the adopted weighting is illustrated in Fig. 2 and has the following elements:

R.m.s. residual (unit weight) = 1.7 km s1 The HD 110195 system is very reminiscent of the Hyades binary system van Bueren 117 (Griffin & Gunn 1978) in the nature of the components, the period and the high

Figure 2. The computed radial-velocity curve for HD 110195, with the measured radial velocities plotted. Palomar observations are plotted as squares, Cambridge as circles and Victoria as triangles. Open symbols indicate observations not used in the orbital solution.

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eccentricity. Van Bueren 117 exhibits BY Dra variability with a period considerably shorter than the orbital period (Bopp, Noah & Klimke 1980), and it would now be of interest to know whether HD 110195 is also a BY Dra variable. The discordance of 0.10 mag between the two published photoelectric V magnitudes (Harris & Upgren 1964; McClure & Crawford 1971) might well encourage that interest; on the other hand, the somewhat earlier spectral type and longer orbital period of HD 110195 reduce the a priori likelihood that that object is a BY Dra system. Moreover, the radial-velocity traces of HD 110195 show little rotational broadening; the minimum equatorial velocity of 5 km s1 which has been repeatedly suggested (e.g. Bopp, Noah & Klimke 1980) as a necessary condition for BY Dra variability is close to the upper limit of the rotation that is compatible with traces such as that shown in Fig. 1. The values of m1, sin3 i and m2 sin3 i derived from the orbital elements suggest that 0.90 < sin i < 0.95, corresponding approximately to 64 < i < 72 . It is therefore unlikely that HD 110195 will be found to exhibit eclipses, which would only take place if i 84. A disconcerting feature of Table 1 is the unacceptable residuals, for both components, shown by the Palomar observation of 1978 May 23. They are far too large to be understood as random errors, and adjacent observations of other stars confirm their systematic correctness. The question arises as to how they are to be regarded. To accept the corresponding observation fully would be to imply that HD 110195 has a variable y-velocity and is therefore a triple system; the author is not prepared to do that on the basis of one observation, although it is true that that is the only way in which the 1978 observation can be reconciled with the others. To reject the observation without any better reason than discomfiture over its residuals would be too arbitrary. To retain it in the solution, where it does not seem to belong it contributes more than a third to the sum of the (weighted) squares of the deviations of all the observationsis perhaps equally unsatisfactory; but there is some justice in its causing the solution to be less certain than would otherwise be the case, and that is the course that has been followed here. The possibility of variation in the -velocity, like that of photometric variability, is one that warrants investigation in the future.

Acknowledgements It is a pleasure to acknowledge the guest-investigator privileges accorded me by the Palomar Observatory and the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory. Dr J. . Gunn kindly collaborated in the Palomar observations.

References
Allen, C. W. 1973, Astrophysical Quantities, Athlone, London, p. 206. Bopp, . W., Noah, P. V., klimke, . 1980, Astr. J., 85, 1386. Fletcher, J. ., Harris, . C, McClure, R. D., Scarfe, C. D. 1982, Publ. astr. Soc. Pacific, 94, 1017. Griffin, R. F. 1967, Astrophys. J., 148, 465. Griffin, R. & R. 1982, Observatory, 102, 217. Griffin, R. F., Gunn, J. . 1974, Astrophys J., 191, 545. Griffin, R. F., Gunn, J. . 1978, Astr. J., 83, 1114. Griffin, R. F., Gunn, J. ., Zimmerman, . ., Griffin, R. . . 1985, Astr. J., 90, 609.

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Harris III, D. L., Upgren, A. R. 1964, Astrophys. J., 140, 151. McClure, R. D., Crawford, D. L. 1971, Astr. J., 76, 31. Rufener, F. 1980, Third Catalogue of Stars Measured in the Geneva Observatory Photometric System, Observatoire de Geneve, Geneva. Stock, J., Wehlau, W. H. 1956, Astr. J., 61, 80. Woolley, R., Penston, M. J., Harding, G. ., Martin, W. L., Sinclair, J. E., Haslam, C. M., Asian, S., Savage, ., Aly, K., Asaad, A. S. 1981, R. Obs. Ann., no. 14, p. 73.