Std VIII Social Studies Style of paper Q.1. Choose the correct option [10] Q.2.

Fill in the blanks [ ] Q.!. "atch the follo#in$ [ ] Q.%. &ns#er in a sentence [ ] Q. . &ns#er in brief ['] Q.'. &ns#er in detail [(]

Standard VIII

S)CI&* S+,-I.S &SSI/0".0+

Q.1. Choose the correct option *esson 0o 1 1. 1ho started the 2en$ali ne#spaper na3ely Sa34ad 5au3udi &] 6a7a 6a3 "ohan 6oy 2] 8yotiba 9hule C] -ayanand Saras#ati -] S#a3i Vi4ekanand 2. 1ho #as the 3entor of -ayanand Saras#ati: &] 6a3 5rishna 9ara3ahans 2] -e4endranath C] Vir7anand -] 5esha4achandra Sen !. 1ho established a $irl school in 1; < &.-: &] *ala *a7pat 6ai b] *ala =ansra7 C] 8yotiba 9hule -] S#a3i Vi4ekanand %. 6a3akrishna 9ara3ahans #as a priest of >>>> te3ple of -akshinesh#ar &] /oddess 5hodiar 2] /oddess 5ali C] /oddess 2ha4ani -] /oddess &3bika . International #orld conference for reli$ion held at >>>>> city of ,nited States in 1;(!. &] Chica$o 2] 1ashin$ton C] 9ana3a -] &3bika '. 1ho started the 3a$a?ine @+ah?ibA,lA&khlaBC: &] Valliullah 2] Sir Saiyed &h3ed 5han C] 2ehra37i -] Sharitulla <. 1ho established @Satya Shodhak Sa3a7C: &]] -ayanand Saras#ati 2] -adabhai 0a4ro7i C] +hakkar 2apa -] 8yotiba 9hule ;. 1here did 6a7a 6a3 "ohan 6oy die: &] /las$o# 2] 2ristol C] *ondon -] 2ir3in$ha3 *esson no % Supre3e Court 1. 1here is the Supre3e Court of India situated: &] -elhi 2] "u3bai C] 5olkata -] 9atna 2. )ne should $o to >>>>>>> to protect funda3ental ri$hts. &] Chief "inister 2] 9resident C] Central /o4ern3ent -] Supre3e Court !. 1hat is the tenure of the 7ud$e of the Supre3e Court: &] '0 2] ; C] ' -] <0 %. 8ud$3ent of >>>>>>>> court is taken as eDa3ples by other courts in the nation.

&] trial 2] Supre3e C] Cri3inal -] ci4il . +he place of >>>>>>> court is the hi$hest a3on$ all the courts in the nation. &] Supre3e 2] -istrict C] =u$h -] +aluka '. 1ho appoints 7ud$e in Supre3e Court: &] /o4ernor 2] 9ri3e "inister C] 9resident -] +aluka .Dtra "CQCs <. +he 0ar3ada -a3 is near>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> &] Chanod 2] *asundra C] 2eda$hat -] 0a4a$a3 ;. +he Supre3e Court started in India on >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> &] 2'th 8anuaryE 1( 1E 2] 1 th &u$ustE 1(%< C] 2;th 8anuaryE 1( 0 -] 1 th &u$ustE 1(%; *esson 6e4olutionaries of India 1. >>>>>>>>>> took 4o# of not applyin$ +ilak on forehead. &] Vasude4 2al#ant Fadke 2] Vir Sa4arkar C] Chandrashekar -] 6a3prasad 2is3il 2. Satyen 2abu $a4e lesson on re4olution to >> &] 8a$dish Chandra 2ose 2] 5hudi 6a3 2ose C] &shfaB ,llah 5han -] Shya37i 5rishna Ver3a !. @5uch &ar?oo nahin haiE hai aar?oo to yehE 6akh de koi 7arasi khake 4atan kafan 3einC. 1hose #ords are these: &] Sukhde4 2] Vasude4 2al#ant Fadke C] Sa4arkar -] &shfaB ,llah 5han %. @"itra3elaC institution established by Sa4arkar #as kno#n later as &] Indian society 2] &bhina4 2harat C] India =ouse -] &rya Sa3a7 . 1ho started the @Indian Sociolo$ist 3a$a?ineC: &] Shya37i 5rishna Ver3a 2] "ada3 Ca3a C] Sa4arkar -] 2is3il '. 1ho shot hi3self dead: &] 6a7$uru 2] 5hudira3 C] 2ha$at Sin$h -] Chandra Shekar &?ad .Dtra "CQCs 1. >>>>>>>>>>>>> #as the pioneer to start re4olutions in India &] Vasude4 2al#ant Fadke 2] Vir Sa4arkar C] Chandra Shekar &?ad -] 2ha$at Sin$h 2. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> #as the first person to create a bonfire to forei$n clothes &] Vasude4 2al#ant Fadke 2] Vir Sa4arkar C] Chandra Shekar &?ad -] 2ha$at Sin$h !. 5hudira3 2ose used to di4e in >>>>>>>>>>>> and set the ships #hich carried salt upside do#n. &] Fa3una 2] 0ar3ada C] 5a4eri -] /an$a %. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> set an eDa3ple to =induA"usli3 unity. &] Vasude4 2al#ant Fadke 2] &shfaB ,llah 5han C] Chandra Shekar &?ad -] 2ha$at Sin$h . >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> initiated re4olutionary acti4ities abroad. &] Shya37i 5rishna Ver3a 2] Vir Sa4arkar C] "ada3 2hika7i Ca3a -] 2ha$at Sin$h '. "ada3 Ca3a #as present in the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> international Sociolo$ist Conference.

&] 1st 2] 2nd C] !rd -] %th <. 1hen Shya37i 5rishna Ver3a felt unsafe in *ondon he #ent to >>>>>>>>> &] 9aris 2] -ublin C] &thens -] 6o3e ;. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> #as the childhood friend of &shfaB ,llah 5han. &] &] Vasude4 2al#ant Fadke 2] 6a3prasad 2is3il C] Chandra Shekar &?ad -] 2ha$at Sin$h *esson ' =u3an 6esources 1.9opulation Census is done after e4ery > years. &] t#enty 2] ten C] fi4e -] one 2. &rea #ise India stands at >>>> position in the #orld. &] ;th 2] <th C] 'th -] th !. >>>>>>>>>> stands first in population. &] India 2] Sri *anka C] China -] &3erica %. 9opulation of India increased up to >>>> crores in the year 2011 &] 121.( 2] 102.<0 C] 100 -] ;% . +here are >>>>>> lan$ua$es as 3entioned in our constitution. &] 22 2] 1; C] 10 -] 1 *esson ' =u3an 6esources .G+6& "CQCs 1. >>> H population of /u7arat resides in rural areas. &] '2 2] ( C] -] %( 2. 1hat is the seD ratio of 5erala: &] 10!2 2] 10%( C] 10'< -] 10;% !. 1hen #as 0ational 9opulation 9olicy 3ade: &] 1( 1 2] 1('1 C] 1(<1 -] 1((1 %. +he hi$hest populated district of /u7arat is >>>>>>>>>> &] &h3edabad 2] Surat C] Vadodara -] 6a7kot . +he literacy rate of India is >>>>>>>>>>>>> &] <%.0%H 2] <(.!1H C] '%.;!H -] '(.(1H *esson 0o < )0 +=. F))+S+.9S )F "&=&+"& 9&6+ 1 1.Indian 0ational Con$ress passed a resolution of co3plete freedo3 on the bank of the ri4er >>>>>>>> &] 0ar3ada 2] /an$a C] Fa3una -] 6a4i 2. >>>>>>>>>>>>>> returned the honour of 5esarAeA=ind by startin$ 0on Cooperation "o4e3ent. &] 8a#aharlal 0ehru 2] Vallabhbhai 9atel C] /andhi7i -] 6abindranath +a$ore !. 1here is 8allian#ala 2au$h located: &] &3ritsar 2] -elhi C] *uckno# -] Srina$ar %. 1ho $ot 4ictory in the First 1orld 1ar: a. 9akistan 2] India C] .n$land -] &frica . 1ho is kno#n as 6a7a7i: &] Chakra4arti 6a7a$opalachari 2] "otilal 0ehru C] &saf &li -] "aulana Saukat &li '. 1hich ashra3 did /andhi start in 5ochrab &shra3 at &h3adabad: &] S#ara7 &shra3 2] Satya$rah &shra3

C] -andi &shra3 -] Sabar3ati &shra3 <. Vallabhbhai 9atel $ot the honour of @SardarC in > Satya$rah: &] 5heda 2] 0a$pur C] 2orsad -] 2ardoli Q.2. Fill in the blanks [ 3arks] 1. *a# enforcin$ ban on Sati 9ratha #as fra3ed by 1illia3 2entinck. 2. -ayanand Saras#ati #rote an epic na3ely Satyarth 9rakash !. +he 3a$a?ine na3ed @6ashta /oftarC #as started by 6ehu3aAeA"a?daurban Sabha or$ani?ation. %. S#a3i Vi4ekanandCs $uru #as 6a3 5rishna 9ara3hans . 6a3 6a7a "ohan 6oy #as born in 6adhana$ar 4illa$e. '. Supre3e Court has accepted a structure of >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <. +he Supre3e Court sol4es the disputes bet#een states and bet#een centre and state. ;. Supre3e Court holds the ri$ht of i3ple3entation of funda3ental ri$hts. (. 8ud$e3ent of Supre3e Court is taken as eDa3ple by other courts. 10. +he place of Supre3e Court is hi$hest in our country. 11. 2ha$at Sin$h and 2atukesh#ar -utt thre# bo3b in the le$islati4e asse3bly. 12. "ada3 Ca3a ,nfurled the tricolor fla$ by raisin$ the slo$an Vande "atara3. 1!. "adanlal -hin$ra shot dead 1illia3 1yali. 1%. 1ritin$ of 2is3il beca3e a 3oti4atin$ force for the national spirit and a#areness. 1 . 5hudira3 2ose used to di4e in the ri4er /an$a and set the ships #hich carried salt upside do#n. 1'. +he density of population noted durin$ 2011 census is >>>>>>>>>>> 1<. India stands <th position in the #orld in ter3s of population. 1;. +he seD ratio in /u7arat as per 2011 census is (1; . 1(. &pproDi3ately >>>>>>>>>>> H of total #orldCs population resides in India. 20. &ll the political parties decided to boycott the Si3on Co33ission. 21. "ahat3a /andhi #as a$ainst the >>>>>>>>> 3o4e3ent. 22. /andhi7i stayed in >>>>>>>>>>>>> 4illa$e of Cha3paran and fou$ht. 2!. /andhi7i called 6o#latt &ct as @2lack &ctC. 2%. Co3pared to [1hites ] 2ritish the Indians had 4ery less ri$hts to en7oy. 2 . +he reli$ious head of Isa3 is kno#n as 5hilafat. Q.!."atch the follo#in$ [ 3arks] 1. 2rah3o Sa3a7 AA 6a7a 6a3 "ohan 6oy 2. &rya Sa3a7 AA -ayanand Saras#ati !. 6a3 5rishna "issionAA S#a3i Vi4ekanand %. 1ahabi "o4e3ent AA Syed &h3ed 5han and Sharitulla . 9anch3ahal 2hil Se4a "andal AA +hakkar 2apa '. Shya37i 5rishna Ver3a A Indian Society <. "ada3 Ca3a AA ,nfurled tri colour fla$ raisin$ @Vande "atara3.C ;. 6obbin$ the 5akori train AA Chandra Shekar &?ad (. Vir Sa4arkar AA "itra "ela 10. Cha3paran AA 2ihar 11. 0atal AA South &frica

12. &3ritsar AA 9un7ab 1!. Chauri Chaura AA ,ttar 9radesh 1%. "itra "ela AAA Vir Sa4arkar 1 . 9re4ented the attack on &rya Sa3a7 te3ple AA &shfaB ,llah 5han 1'. Shya37i 5rishna Ver3a AA Indian =o3e 6ule Society 1<. 5heda Satya$rah AA 1(1<A1; 1;. 6o#latt &ct AA 1(1( 1(. Si3on Co33ission AA 1(2< 20. 2ardoli Satya$rah AA 1(2; Q.%. &ns#er in a sentence or t#o [carries 1 3arks] [ 3arks] S)CI) 6.*I/I),S &1&5.0I0/ Q.1. =o# did thou$hts of -ayanand Saras#ati reach out to people of the country: &.1. +hou$hts of -ayanand Saras#ati reached out to people of the country because he preached in =indi. Q.2. 1hy did .3peror of -elhi send 6a7a 6a3 "ohan 6oy to .n$land in 1;!0 &.-.: &.2. .3peror of -elhi sent 6a7a 6a3 "ohan 6oy to .n$land in 1;!0 &.-. in re$ard to his case of ri$ht to property. Q.!. 1ho #as 6a3akrishna 9ara3hans: &.!. 6a3akrishna 9ara3hans #as the beacon of Indian culture. =e #as also a refor3er and a saint #ho has sou$ht the truth of all reli$ions. Q.%. 1hat #as established by 6a7a 6a3 "ohan 6oy: &.%. 6a7a 6a3 "ohan 6oy established 2rah3o Sa3a7. Q. . 1hy did 6a7a 6a3 "ohan 6oy start ne#spaper: &. . 6a7a 6a3 "ohan 6oy started ne#spaper to 3ake people a#are of socio reli$ious e4ils pre4alent in the society. Supre3e Court Q.1. 1hy is 7udiciary necessary: &.1. 8udiciary is necessary to i3part 7ustice in our country and for the safetyE #ellAbein$ and #elfare of the people. Q.2. 2y #hich na3eE the Supre3e Court #as kno#n in 2ritish period: &.2. +he Supre3e Court #as kno#n in 2ritish period as 9ri4y Council. Q.%. 1here is the Supre3e Court of India situated: &.%. +he Supre3e Court of India is situated at -elhi. Q. . 1ho appoints 7ud$es in the Supre3e Court: &. . +he 9resident appoints 7ud$es in the Supre3e Court. Q.'. 1hich lan$ua$e is used in the procedure of the Supre3e Court: &.'. +he lan$ua$e #hich is used in the procedure of the Supre3e Court is =indi.

Q.<. 1hat does the court decide #hen it feels 4iolation of hu3an ri$hts: &.<. 1hen the court feels 4iolation of hu3an ri$htsE it has $i4en to any indi4idual or institution ri$ht to file an application in the =i$h Court or in the Supre3e Court. Q.;. 1hich court is the hi$hest a3on$ all the courts of nation: &.;. +he Supre3e Court is the hi$hest a3on$ all the courts of nation. Q.(. 1hat is the tenure of Supre3e Court 7ud$e: &.(. +he tenure of Supre3e Court 7ud$e is ' years. *esson 0o 6e4olutionaries of India Q.1. 1hich book #as #ritten by Vir Sa4arkar: &.1. +he book #ritten by Vir Sa4arkar #as @IndiaCs First Freedo3 Stru$$le.C Q.2. 1ho thre# a bo3b in the le$islati4e asse3bly: &.2. 2ha$at Sin$h and 2atukesh#ar -utt thre# a bo3b in the le$islati4e asse3bly. Q.!. 1hat #as the 4o# taken by Vasude4 Fadke: &.!. +he 4o# taken by Vasude4 Fadke #as not to apply +ilak on his forehead and not to cut his hair till he did not free India fro3 the clutches of the 2ritish. Q.%. 1hat kind of trainin$ did Fadke $i4e to the Indians: &.%. Fadke trained Indians ho# to attack the 2ritish ca3psE ho# to rob the $o4ern3ent treasury and ho# to use $uns a$ainst the 2ritish Q. . 1hen and #here #as Chandra Shekar born: Chandra Shekar #as born on 2!rd 8ulyE 1(0'E in 2ha4ra 4illa$e of 8habua district in "adhya 9radesh. Q.'. 1henE #here and ho# did Chandra Shekar &?ad die: &.'. )n 2<th FebruaryE 1(!1 as Chandra Shekar &?ad sat in the &lfred 9ark of &llahabadE the 2ritish Surrounded hi3 fro3 all the sides. Chandra Shekar did not #ant to be cau$ht by the hands of 2ritishE SoE he killed hi3self #ith a pistol. Q.<. 1hat happened in the 5akori loot case: &.<. & train carryin$ $o4ern3ent treasury #as $oin$ fro3 Shahranpur to *uckno# on (th &u$ustE 1(2 . +he bra4e re4olutionaries of India robbed it at 5akori station to collect 3oney for buyin$ #eapons and carryin$ about re4olutionaries. Q.;. 1hat #as the desi$n of the fla$ unfurled by "ada3 Ca3a: &.;. "ada3 Ca3a unfurled a fla$ #ith ei$ht lotus flo#ersE #hich stood for pro4inces and a Sun and a 3oon depictin$ =induA"usli3 unity. *esson ' =u3an 6esources Q.1. 1hat is called the health of a person:

&.1. +he health of a person can be defined as the prosperity achie4ed throu$h all the ele3entsI physicalE 3entalE socialE econo3ical and spiritual. Q.2. 1hich types of chan$e is seen in the population: 1hich are they: &.2. +#o types of chan$e are seen in the population. +hey are Quantitati4e and Bualitati4e. Q.!. 1hich lan$ua$es are 3entioned in the constitution: &.!. 22 lan$ua$es are 3entioned in the constitution. =indi is $i4en the status as official lan$ua$e of the country and .n$lish is $i4en the status as a $lobal lan$ua$e. Q.%. -efine population density &.%. +he a4era$e nu3ber of people li4in$ per sBuare kilo3eter area is ter3ed as population density. Q. . 1here is lo# density of population seen: &. . & lo# density of population is seen in areas like desertsE hilly areasE forest areas and in the places #hich has unfa4ourable situations. Q.'. 1hich proble3s ha4e arose due to population eDplosion: &.'. -ue to population eDplosion certain 3ana$e3ent related proble3s ha4e cropped upI for e.$. foodE #aterE residenceE en4iron3ent pollutionE conser4ationE e3ploy3entE traffic controlE etc. Q.<. )n #hat does the hu3an stren$th depends: &.<. =u3an stren$th depends on intelli$ence and literacyE Q.;. 1hat is the 3ain reason for lo# rate of $ro#th of population: &.;.+the 3ain reason for lo# rate of $ro#th of population is efficient fa3ily plannin$ pro$ra33e. Q.(. 1rite fi4e na3es of re$ions #hich ha4e lo# density of population: &.(. Fi4e na3es of re$ions #hich ha4e lo# density of population are *akshad#eep islandsE -iu and -a3an J 0a$ar =a4eliE &nda3anA0icobar islands and Sikki3 *esson "ahat3a part 1. Q.1. For #ho3 did /andhi7i start Satya$rah in South &frica: &.1. /andhi7i started Satya$rah in South &frica for the Indians stayin$ o4er there Q.2. 1hy did /andhi7i #ithdra# the 0onAcoAoperation 3o4e3ent: &.2. /andhi7i #ithdre# 0onAcoA0perationo 3o4e3ent because he insisted on usin$ non 4iolent 3eans in the 3o4e3ent. 2ut so3e far3ers #ent a$ainst hi3E burnt the Chauri Chaura police station and killed 22 police3en. =ence /andhi7i #ithdra# the 0onAcoA operation 3o4e3ent. Q.!. 1ho accepted the leadership in 2ardoli Satya$rah: Sardar Vallabhbhai 9atel accepted the leadership in 2ardoli Satya$rah

Q. . &0S1.6 I0 26I.F [C&66I.S 2 "&65S] [' 3arks] Q.1. State the refor3s that took place in the Sikh society in the 1(th century: &.1. +he refor3s that took place in the Sikh society in the 1(th century #ere as follo#sI 1. +akin$ inspiration fro3 the refor3s of 1(th centuryE Sikhs established @Shiro3ani /urud#ara Sa3itiC for re3o4in$ the e4ils that had entered in /urud#aras and for the better 3ana$e3ent of the /urud#aras. 2. +he Sikhs established @5halsa Colle$eC in &3ritsar to i3part .n$lish education alon$ #ith reli$ious education. !] Se4eral schools #ere also established #ith the sa3e ob7ecti4es. Q.2. 1hich #ork #ere done by Sir Syed &h3ed 5han to refor3 "usli3 society: &.2. 1ork done by Sir Syed &h3ed 5han to refor3 "usli3 society #ere as follo#sI 1] =e pleaded his people to adopt .n$lish education and chan$e the orthodoD attitude and step out of their back#ardness. 2. =e translated the books of literature and Science in ,rdu lan$ua$e and 3ade "usli3s fa3iliar #ith 1estern kno#led$e. !. =e opposed the 4eil syste3 and child 3arria$e and fa4oured education for $irls and #ido# re3arria$e. *.SS)0 % Q.1. 1hat is *okpal 2ill: &.1. *okpal 2ill en4isa$es a syste3 #here a corrupt person found $uilty #ould $o to 7ail #ithin 2 years of co3plain bein$ 3ade and his ill A$athered #ealth #ould be confiscated. It also seeks po#er to the 8an *okpal to prosecute politicians and bureaucrats #ith $o4ern3ent per3ission. Q.2. /i4e a brief idea about the 7udicial syste3 of India &.2. +here are three or$ans of the $o4ern3ent of India. +hey areI *e$islati4eE .Decuti4e and 8udiciary. India has a 4ery or$ani?ed 7udicial syste3 to pro4ide 7ustice to the people. +he 7udicial syste3 of our country is 4ery consistent. +aluka courts are present in e4ery taluka of a re$ionE #hile -istrict Court and =i$h Courts eDist at the district le4el and the Supre3e Court is the hi$hest court in India #hich eDists in -elhi. In IndiaE 8udiciary #orks independentlyE i.e. le$islati4e or eDecuti4e or$ans do not interfere in the function of 7udiciary. *esson 6e4olutionaries Q.1. 1hy #as 5hudira3 2ose hun$ to death: &.1. 5hudira3 2ose #as hun$ to death because he and his friend 9raful Chaki thre# a bo3b on the horse cart of 8ud$e 5in$sford on !0th &prilE 1(0; and atte3pted t kill the 7ud$e. Q.!. 1hat acti4ities #ere done by Shya37i 5rishna Ver3a abroad: &.!. Shya37i 5rishna Ver3a started re4olutionary acti4ities abroad. =e established @Indian =o3e 6ule SocietyC on 1;th FebruaryE 1(0 in *ondon to attain S#ara7. =e also started an institution called the @Indian =ouseC for helpin$ Indians residin$ in .n$land. =e also started a 3a$a?ine called @Indian Sociolo$istC for propa$atin$ the institution. =e also arran$ed for scholarship for Indians.

=,"&0 6.S),6C.S Q.1. 1hich year sho#s the 3aDi3u3 decrease in population: 1hat can be the possible reason: &.1. Census of 1(21 sho#s the 3aDi3u3 decrease in population. -urin$ that periodE India #as under the 2ritish rule. =enceE lack of facilitiesE epide3icsE deaths durin$ the freedo3 stru$$leE forced 3i$ration in other countries for #ork could be possible reasons. Q.2. 1hat can be the reason for decrease in the $ro#th rate of population in the last year: &.2. +he reasons for decrease in the $ro#th rate of population in the last year can be as follo#s. In 2011E the $o4ern3ent had taken se4eral 3easures to control population. "oreo4er efficient fa3ily plannin$E concepts like one child per fa3ilyE etc can be the other reasons for the sa3e. Q.!. 1hat do you 3ean by 3i$ration: .!. 1hen people chan$e their place of habitat fro3 one place to otherE it is kno#n as 3i$ration. In order to earnE $ro# and fulfill needs of lifeE hu3ans in4ol4e in se4eral acti4ities. For eDa3pleE 4illa$e population 3i$rates to cities for educationE businessE industriesE e3ploy3ent etc. Currently '(H population of cities resides in rural areas and only !1H reside in urban areas. "ahat3a 9art 1 1. 1hich #ere the 3ain aspects of Satya$rah: &.1. +he 3ain aspects of Satya$rah of /andhi7i #asI 0ot to protest 4iolently +o adopt the path of truth and nonA4iolence for fi$htin$ a$ainst the in7ustice done to people.

Q.2. 1hy did 5hilafat 3o4e3ent start in India: &.2. +urkey #as defeated in the First 1orld 1ar. +he 4ictorious nation forcefully si$ned a treaty #ith +urkey. +he ter3s and conditions of this treaty #ere strict and un7ust for +urkey. &s per treatyE @5hilafatC post #as cancelled. SoE the "usli3s residin$ in India started a 3o4e3ent to protest a$ainst this treaty. /andhi7i supported the3 and ur$ed the Con$ress to start a 7oint 3o4e3ent a$ainst the 3atter of 5hilafat and cruelty in 9un7ab. Q.!. /i4e a brief idea of 0ehru 6eport. &.1. In February 1(2;E all political parties of India to$ether held a conference in -elhi. +he parties for3ed a co33ittee under the chair3anship of "otilal 0ehru for fra3in$ our Constitution. +hey decided that "otilal 0ehru #ould prepare a Constitution draft #hich all the parties #ill accept. +he draft that #as prepared by 0ehru #as called as @0ehru 6eportC. +he @"usli3 *ea$ueC did not accept this report. *aterE e4en the 2ritish $o4ern3ent re7ected this report. Q.%.1hy #as 6o#latt &ct considered as 2lack &ct: &.2. 1hen .n$land #on the 1orld 1ar 1 in 1(1(E it passed the 6o#latt &ct for India. +his act #as na3ed after a 2ritish officerE 6o#latt. &ccordin$ to this actE the 2ritish could arrest anyone #ithout $i4in$ any reason and could send hi3 to court for further case proceedin$s. +his act #as totally a$ainst the funda3ental ri$hts of eDpression and freedo3

of the people. +he 2ritish $ained unli3ited po#er throu$h this act. =enceE /andhi7i protested this act and called it as @2lack &ctC. Q. '. &0S1.6 I0 -.+&I* S)CI) 6.*I/I),S &1&5.0I0/ [( 3arks] Q.1.1hich #ere the 4arious e4ils and e4il custo3s pre4alent in our society before independence: 1hen and #hy did the ne# a#akenin$ be$in: &.1. Various e4ils #hich #ere pre4alent in India before independence #ere like superstitionsE doubtsE i$noranceE e4il social custo3sE caste syste3 etc. +he condition of #o3en #as the #orst in the narro# 3inded society. Various e4il custo3s #hich #ere pre4alent in our society #ereI the custo3 of @dudhpitiC for $irl childE sati syste3E denial of #ido# re3arria$eE etc. -ue to #estern educationE a @0e# &#akenin$C be$an in the nineteenth century to re3o4e the e4il custo3s fro3 the society. 6e4olutions started for social and reli$ious i3pro4e3ents. Q.2.1hat reco33endations #ere 3ade to the 2ritish $o4ern3ent by 6a7a 6a3 "ohan 6oy: 1hat #as the result: &.2. 6a7a 6a3 "ohan 6oy reco33ended 3any chan$es to the 2ritish /o4ern3ent like pressAindependenceE freedo3 of speechE #o3en ri$htsE indi4idual independenceE to keep 7udiciary a#ay fro3 refor3sE etc. =e started 3o4e3ents a$ainst sati syste3. &s a result of itE the 2ritish /o4ernor 1illia3 2entinck fra3ed a la# puttin$ ban on the Sati 9ratha [syste3]. +his la# #as fra3ed in the year 1;2( &.-. Q.!.1ho started &rya Sa3a7 for the society: 1hy: 1hat did -ayanand Saras#ati preach the people: &.!. -ayanand Saras#ati started K&rya Sa3a7C for society in 1;< &.-. to brin$ back those people to =induis3 especially those #ho had chan$ed their reli$ion. =e preached the people to 3o4e @2ack in VedasC. =e 3ade people a#are that there are no #ritten e4idences about idol #orshipE reli$ious ritualsE child 3arria$eE Sati 9rathaE untouchabilityE etc. in Vedas. =e preached the fact that K+here is only one /od.C =e preached in =indi so that his thou$hts could reach to 3aDi3u3 people. Q.%.1hat acti4ities #ere done in society by 6a3krishna "ission: &.%. S#a3i Vi4ekanand established 6a3krishna "ission "ath in 2ellur in the year 1;(< &.-. in the na3e of his $uru. +his 3ission adopted the ideals of ser4ice to 3an throu$h 4arious #orks. +he 3ission i3ple3ented the slo$anE @Ser4ice to 3an is ser4ice to /odCE by $ainin$ 3oti4ation fro3 the life of 6a3krishna 9ara3hans. +his 3ission opened 4arious schools nation#ide for i3partin$ education and ser4ice #as $ranted to people by openin$ hospitals. Q. .1hat #as done by +hakkar 2apa and his co3panions: &. . +hakkar 2apa $a4e 4aluable contribution for the uplift3ent of untouchables [hari7ans] by pro4idin$ his ser4ices 3any years as 3inister of @&khil =ind =ari7an San$hC. =e $a4e relief to the people affected by natural cala3ities. =e established @9anch3ahal 2hil Se4a "andalC and #ith its helpE he brou$ht a drastic chan$e in the life of 2hils #ho

inhabited the deep 7un$les and hilly areas of 9anch3ahal. +hakkar 2apa and his co3panions freed the 2hils fro3 the habit of alcohol and other e4il custo3s and doubts. =e opened schools for the Children of 2hils. =e 3ade the3 spin the spinnin$ #heel and in4ol4ed the3 in s3all cotta$e industries. Q.'. 1rite fe# lines on 8yotiba 9hule &.'. 8yotiba 9hule #as a #ell kno#n social refor3er of "aharashtra state. =e started a $irlsC school in 9une in 1; < &.-. =e helped the #ido#s to re3arry. =e challen$ed the authoritati4eness of 2rah3ins in the society. =e established @Satya Shodhak Sa3a7C in order to inculcate confidenceE coura$e and enthusias3 in people. Q.<. 1rite fe# lines on S#a3i Vi4ekanand. &.<. & 2en$ali $raduateE na3ed 0arendranath -utt beca3e the disciple of 6a3krishna and beca3e a saint acBuirin$ the na3e @S#a3i Vi4ekanand.C =e did intensi4e study about Indian and 1estern philosophy. =e ad4ised people to ser4e the poor and look for /od in needy people. =e created in Indian youn$stersE the pride for our past and a#areness for a bri$ht future. 1ith his influential speech at Chica$oE he pro4ided an understandin$ about philosophy and Indian culture. =e propa$ated Indian culture by tourin$ 4arious countries. =e #as a staunch nationalist. =e $a4e the slo$an to IndiansE @&riseE a#ake and stop not still the $oal is achie4ed. =e established @6a3krishna "issionC in 2ellur. *.SS)0 % S,96.". C),6+ Q.1. 0ar3ada Fo$na is an i3portant plan. 0o funda3ental ri$ht of any indi4idual #ill be 4iolated due to this. 1hy #as such 7ud$e3ent $i4en by the Supre3e Court: -iscuss. "adhya 9radesh and 4oluntary a$encies #orkin$ for the conser4ation of en4iron3ent protested a$ainst the fact that the hei$ht of the da3 on the #ater body near 0a4a$a3 on 0ar3ada 6i4er should not be 3ore than 110 3eters. +hey felt that the funda3ental ri$hts of the tribal people be 4iolated due to this plan. SoE the Supre3e Court passed a resolution on ;th "arch 200' that this plan is 4ery i3portant fro3 the 4ie# point of increasin$ population of the country. Various areas of 6a7asthanE /u7arat and "adhya 9radesh can $et #ater and the spreadin$ of the desert can be controlled. It assured that the plannin$ of habitation #ould be done to the people #ho #ould ha4e to face ad4erse effects due to this yo$na. In this #ayE the Supre3e Court said that the funda3ental ri$hts #ill not be 4iolated. Q.2. 1hy should the 7udiciary be independent: &.2. If a po#erful person captures our landE #e take the 3atter to the court. 2ut #e #ould find that a 7ud$e #ould al#ays fa4our a stron$ person. If a stron$ person has a control o4er the 7ud$eE he cannot rake any decision independently. 8udiciary depri4ed of freedo3 #ill al#ays force the 7ud$e to $i4e the 7ud$e3ent in fa4our of po#erful person. 2ut our constitution does not allo# such kind of interference. +hat is #hy 7udiciary has been kept independent fro3 le$islati4e and eDecuti4e in our constitution. SoE once the 7ud$es are appointed in the =i$h Court and the Supre3e CourtE it is difficult to re3o4e the3 fro3 their placeLpost. If an indi4idual feels that his funda3ental ri$hts are 4iolatedE he can $o to the court.

Q.!.1hy is the @&pplication for 9ublic 1elfareC considered to be an i3portant step: &.!.It beco3es 4ery tou$h for a person #ho is poor and illiterate to $o to the court to de3and 7ustice. 5eepin$ this situation in 3indE the Supre3e Court accepted the structure &pplication for 9ublic 1elfare in the year 1(;0. 1ith thisE the Supre3e Court has 3ade such an effort that 3aDi3u3 people can reach up to court for 7ustice. +he 7udicial syste3 has $i4en the ri$ht to file an application to any indi4idual or institution. It can be done by all those #hose funda3ental ri$hts are bein$ 4iolated. &n indi4idual can file a petition in the =i$h Court or the Supre3e Court. &fter 1(;0E #ith this 3ediu3 3any 3atters ha4e been sol4ed and 7ustice has been i3parted to the people. +o free the labourers fro3 inhu3an labour and to free fe# prisoners fro3 2ihar this sche3e of application of the Supre3e Court has been used. Q.%. State the 4arious 7ud$3ents $i4en by 4arious courts in the case of 6atla3 "unicipality. &.%.Various 7ud$3ents $i4en by 4arious courts in the case of 6atla3 "unicipality #ere as follo#sI 1] +he +aluka Court "a$istrate $a4e 7ud$3ent in fa4our of residents. =e said the "unicipality and +o#n I3pro4e3ent authority has failed in their duty. =e ordered both institutions to clean the place #ith i33ediate effort and #ithin 1 daysM the #ork of closed draina$e syste3 should be co3pleted. 2] +he -istrict Court of 6atla3 declared the 7ud$e3ent of +aluka Court to be irresponsible. !] +he =i$h Court appro4ed the 7ud$e3ent of +aluka Court. It $a4e < 3onths for the closed draina$e syste3 plan and ordered the pits to be co4ered and to take adeBuate 3easures to stop breedin$ of $er3s #ithin 2 years ti3e. %] 1hen the case #as 3o4e to the Supre3e Court by the 6atla3 "unicipalityE it appro4ed the 7ud$e3ent of the +aluka Court and further ordered that the che3ical and dye plant #hich #as responsible for pollution should be closed #ith the 7oint effort of "unicipality and the State /o4ern3ent Q. . State the po#ers and functions of the Supre3e Court. &. . +he po#ers and functions of the Supre3e Court are as follo#s 1] +he Supre3e Court is the hi$hest le4el court in India. It is at -elhi. 2. &ll kinds of cases are heard in the Supre3e Court as in the =i$h Court. !. &ny citi?en or an institution can file a petition in the Supre3e Court to obtain 7ustice. %. It holds the ri$ht of i3ple3entin$ funda3ental ri$hts $i4en to a citi?en. . Supre3e Court can take cases to sol4e disputes bet#een [a] citi?ens and the $o4ern3entE [b] t#o or 3ore statesE [c] centre and state and [d] a3on$ citi?ens. '. It hears the appeal on the decision or interpretation of the constitution. <. +he 9resident can seek 7udicial ad4ice fro3 the Supre3e Court if reBuired. ;. 0o suit is filed on the decisions of the Supre3e Court. &ll other courts ha4e to abide by its 7ud$e3ent.

*.SS)0 6.V)*,+I)0&6I.S )F I0-I& Q.1. 1rite fe# lines on Vir Sa4arkar. &.1. Vinayak -a3odar Sa4arkar #as born on 2;th "ay 1;;! in 2ha$ur 4illa$e of 0asik. =e established an institution na3ed @"itra "elaC #hich #as later kno#n as @&bhina4 2haratC. +he 3ain ob7ecti4e of this institution #as to free India fro3 the 2ritish rule #ith the help of #eapons and throu$h re4olt. =e lit fire to forei$n clothes. =e #ent to *ondon for further studies. =e #rote a book titled @1; <I IndiaCs first freedo3 stru$$leC. =e #as sent to K5ala 9aniC punish3ent to &nda3an in the char$e of the 3urder of a 2ritish official. -ue to his poor healthE he #as kept hidden in India as a prisoner. =e died on 2'th FebruaryE 1(''. Q.2. 1rite fe# lines on Vir 2ha$at Sin$h &.2. 2ha$at Sin$h #as born on2 th Septe3berE 1(0< in 2an$a 4illa$e of *ayalpur district of 9un7ab. =e #as an acti4e participant in burnin$ the forei$n clothes durin$ 0on Cooperation "o4e3ent. =e $ot a $ood backin$ for his re4olutionary ideas #hen he ca3e in touch #ith Shukde4E 2ha$#at Charan and Fashpal. &lon$ #ith 2atukesh#ar 2uttE he thre# a bo3b in the *e$islati4e &sse3bly on ;th &pril 1(2;. =is 3ain ob7ecti4e behind thro#in$ a bo3b #as to a#aken the deaf 2ritish /o4ern3ent. Various pa3phlets #ere distributed carryin$ re4olutionary 3essa$es and they fired shots in the air and surrendered the3sel4es peacefully. 2ha$at Sin$hE Sukhde4 and 6a7$uru killed the 2ritish officer na3ed Saunders to take re4en$e for the 3urder of *ala *a7pat 6ai. +he three of the3 #ere hun$ to death on 2!rd "arch. Q.!. 1rite fe# lines on Chandra Shekar &?ad &.!. Chandra Shekar #as born on 2!rd 8ulyE 1(0' in 2ha4ra 4illa$e in "adhya 9radesh. =e #as a nationalist since childhood. =e took part in the 0on Cooperation "o4e3ent. =e #as arrested for this. =e participated in robbery of the 5akori train. &?ad freed hi3self. 9ri?e 3oney #as announced by the 2ritish /o4ern3ent to catch hi3. =e took a 4o# ne4er to be cau$ht by the 2ritish /o4ern3ent. 1hen he #as sittin$ in a park of &llahabadE the 2ritish police surrounded hi3. =e shot hi3self #ith a pistol so that the 2ritish could not catch hi3. Q.%. 1rite fe# lines on Shya37i 5rishna Ver3a. &.%. Shya37i 5rishna Ver3a #as born on %th )ctober 1; < in "and4i 4illa$e of 5utch. =e established @Indian =o3e 6ule SocietyC in order to attain S#ara7. For the propa$ation of his institutionE he started a 3a$a?ine entitled @Indian Sociolo$ist.C =e $ot 4arious co3panions to run his re4olutionary acti4ities. =e arran$ed scholarship for Indians. 1hen "adanlal -hin$ra #as shot deadE he felt unsafe in *ondon. So he #ent to 9aris and after so3eti3e to S#it?erland. =e died in 1(!0 &-. *.SS)0 ' =,"&0 6.S),6.S Q.1. 1hy is the hu3an resource considered as an i3portant capital of India: &.1. +he hu3an resource is considered as an i3portant capital of India due to follo#in$ reasons.

1. +he ability and skills possessed by people i.e. the Bualitati4e characteristics they ha4e is called hu3an resources. 2. =u3an resources include characteristics such as kno#led$eE educationE skillsE healthE etc. !. If people are #ell educatedE healthy and ha4e $ood skillsE then they can $i4e i3portant contribution to the de4elop3ent of a nation. %. +he de4elop3ent of any nation depends on its hu3an resources. . For eDa3ple citi?ens like doctorsE ad3inistratorsE en$ineersE sports personsE industrialistsE far3ersE artistsE etc. are i3portant hu3an resource. '. .4en children and youth are treasure of hu3an resources. <. -e4elop3ent of a country is not dependent on its area or natural resources only but also on the people #ho use these resources. ;. =ence it is said that hu3an resource is the hu3an capital of a country Q.2. /i4e infor3ation about Bualitati4e and Buantitati4e chan$es &.2. )ur country eDperiences t#o types of chan$es. +hey are [&] Quantitati4e Chan$e 1. Quantity of people li4in$ in a re$ion 4aries. 2. +his happens due to $ro#th of population or 3i$ration of people. !. 9oor condition of landless peopleE s3all land holdin$E urbani?ationE social and ad3inistrati4e reasons are a3on$ other reasons responsible for 3i$ration and hence Buantitati4e chan$es occur in population. [2] Qualitati4e Chan$es 1. Chan$es obser4ed in thinkin$E beha4iourE life styleE etc. are kno#n as Bualitati4e chan$e. 2. =ard #orkE dedicationE feelin$ of patriotis3E enthusias3E coura$eE etc. brin$ about Bualitati4e chan$es in people. !. +hese factors also brin$ thou$htfulE social and cultural chan$es. Q.!. 1hat is census: 1hy is census done: &.!. Census is the process of collectin$ infor3ation and re$isterin$ details about people li4in$ in a specific area of the country. Census is done due to follo#in$ reasons. 1. +hrou$h hu3an censusE the $o4ern3ent obtains details about Bualitati4e characteristics of the people. 2. Such infor3ation helps the $o4ern3ent to kno# the Bualities of its people or say its hu3an resource. !. +his infor3ation then helps the $o4ern3ent to plan its econo3ic de4elop3ent. %. Census ser4es as an i3portant source of infor3ation for fi4eAyear plansE plannin$ for foodE #aterE residence 3ana$e3entE industriesE electricityE e3ploy3entE educationE defenceE etc. Q.%. .Dplain the reasons for population eDplosion. 6easons for population in India are due to follo#in$ reasons. 1. Food and nutrition is a4ailable easily and sufficiently. 2. -ue to ad4anced 3edical facilitiesE patients can be treated #ell and spread of co33unicable diseases can be stopped.

!. +ransport and co33unication are Buite efficient no#E #hich 3eans that sick people are carried to hospital on ti3e. %. -isaster 3ana$e3ent has beco3e 4ery ad4anced and it can forecast floodsE tsuna3isE etc. and alert the people. . -isaster 3ana$e3ent rehabilitates needy people and pro4ides the3 necessary help. &ll these i3pro4ed facilities and ad4ance3ent has decreased the death rate and hence the population has taken place. '. &part fro3 these reasonsE e4en the life span of the people has increased. <. 9eople 3i$rate fro3 s3aller to#ns to cities or fro3 one country to another for educationE businessE etc. #hich adds to the population eDplosion. *esson < )n the Foot Steps of "ahat3a 9art Q.1. 1rite fe# lines on 5heda Satya$rah "o4e3ent &.1. 5heda eDperienced hea4y rainfall in the year 1(1< and the a$ricultural production $ot destroyed. Still the 2ritish $o4ern3ent insisted the far3ers to pay the taD. SoE the far3ers of 5heda started Satya$rah under the leadership of "ahat3a /andhi. "ahat3a /andhi told the far3ers not to pay the taD until the 2ritish $o4ern3ent accepts their de3and. Sardar 9atel left his ad4ocacy and 7oined the Satya$rah. /andhi7i #rote a letter to the Co33issioner that if the taD of the far3ers #ill be #ai4ed offE the rich #ould pay the taD. &t the endE the collector passed an order for the sa3e and the 3o4e3ent #as successful. -ue to the success of the Satya$rahE there #as an a#akenin$ a3on$ the far3ers and their fear fro3 the 2ritishers beca3e less. +he nation reco$ni?ed the de4oted and co33itted leaders like /andhi7i and Vallabhbhai 9atel. Q.2. 1rite fe# lines on 0on CoAoperation "o4e3ent. &.2 /andhi7i started the 0on CoAoperation "o4e3ent #ith the 3ere thou$ht of not supportin$ the 2ritishers. +he 3o4e3ent had t#o 3ain aspectsI &] +he first #as the co3plete boycott of $o4ern3ent 7obsE le$islati4e 3eetin$sE $o4ern3ent educational institutionsE honoursE forei$n clothes and $oods. 2. +he second aspect #as the re3o4al of untouchabilityE =induA"usli3 unityE sayin$ no to alcohol and propa$ation of S#adeshi and national education. +he 3o4e3ent beca3e 3ore #idespread in 1(21A22. Students left the schools and colle$es. *eaders like "otilal 0ehruE C.6a7a$opalachari and &saf &li left their ad4ocacy. "ost of the 3e3bers of le$islati4e asse3bly and local self $o4ern3ent institutions resi$ned their 7obs. . +he forei$n clothes #ere litted at 4arious places. '. +he @CharkaC started takin$ its place in e4ery ho3e and S#adeshi #as propa$ated. <. "any educational institutions #ere established. &fter the 4iolent incident at Chauri ChauraE /andhi7i ended the 0on CoAoperation "o4e3ent. Q.!. 1rite fe# lines on 2ardoli Satya$rah. &.!. In 1(2; &.- the 2ritish $o4ern3ent increased the taD on the far3ers of 2ardoli in /u7arat by 22H. SoE the far3ers started the 2ardoli Satya$rah. Sardar Vallabhbhai 9atel 1. 2. !. %.

accepted the leadership of this Satya$rah. )ther leaders like 6a4ishankar "ahara7 and 8u$atra3 -a4e eDtended their support to this 3o4e3ent. +he far3ers beca3e fearless and started breakin$ the la#s. +hey #ere encoura$ed by the speeches $i4en by Vallabhbhai 9atel. &t the endE the 2ritish $o4ern3ent called Vallabhbhai 9atel to 9une. +he re4enue #as 7ustified and decided in the presence of representati4es of far3ers. +his successful Satya$rah led Vallabhbhai 9atel to $et honour of @SardarC.

Q.%. 1hy did /andhi7i end the 0onAcoAoperation "o4e3ent: 1hat did he do after endin$ the 3o4e3ent: &.!. /andhi7i belie4ed in conductin$ Satya$rah #ith the non 4iolent 3ethods. 2ut so3e far3ers #ent a$ainst hi3E burnt the Chauri Chaura police station and killed 22 police3en. =ence /andhi7i #as hurt #ith this incident and he #ithdre# the 0onAcoAoperation 3o4e3ent. &fter endin$ the 3o4e3entE /andhi7i started doin$ so3e creati4e #ork in the re3ote rural areas. +he social #ork done in the 3iddle of the 20th century helped /andhi7i to spread /andhian philosophy and brin$ a#areness in people about his 4ie#s. -urin$ this periodE a political party called Indian Co33unist 9arty and 6ashtriya S#aya3 Se#ak San$h [6.S.S] #as established.