VedaType Users Manual

Version 2.0 23 August 2008

VedaType 2.0 Users Manual

Introduction ............................................................................................. 2 Installation ............................................................................................... 3 Fonts ..................................................................................................... 3 Getting Started ......................................................................................... 4 Selecting MacRoman ................................................................. 4 Turning Off Auto Typing Features............................................. 4 Turning Off Spell Checking ...................................................... 5 The Devanagari Font ................................................................. 5 Typing Devanagari Characters .................................................. 6 An Example of Typing Devanagari ........................................... 6 Typing Transliteration Characters ............................................. 8 Font Utilities ............................................................................................. 9 Key Caps and Keyboard Viewer ................................................ 9 Font Charts ................................................................................. 9 PDF Files ............................................................................................... 10 Using VedaPad Fonts with TeX ............................................................ 11 Font Charts ............................................................................................ 12 Vedic97 Font in Devanagari Alphabetical Order .................... 12 Transliteration Characters in VedicTrans97 Font ................... 17 Devanagari Characters in VedicTrans97 Font ......................... 18 Vedic97 and VedicTrans97 Fonts in Numeric Order............... 19 Support ................................................................................................... 29 Credits ................................................................................................... 29

Introduction
VedaType is a system for typing Devanagari, the alphabet of Sanskrit, on Macintosh computers. A companion product, VedaPad, runs on Windows computers. This manual describes VedaType version 2.0. VedaType is designed for Sanskrit, including Vedic Sanskrit. It is not designed for Hindi, Marathi, or other modern Indian languages that use Devanagari, since these languages require special letters and ligatures that are not included in VedaType. VedaType includes fonts and this manual. It does not include the word processing software that is part of VedaPad. The software in VedaPad enables you to produce Devanagari by typing in a transliteration on your keyboard. For example, suppose you wish to type . In VedaPad, you start the VedaPad software and type dharmakSetre kurukSetre. The Devanagari appears on the screen. You can then save the Devanagari to a file or copy it to another program. In VedaType, you start any program and select the Devanagari font. Then you type /mR=e]e k(opt-shift-1)(opt-r)=e]e. The second procedure is thoroughly described in this manual. If you have a choice, you may prefer to use VedaPad over VedaType.

/mR=] e e k=e]e

Installation
To install VedaType, you must download the product zip file, and then install the font files. Save the zip file to your computer. The file should appear on the desktop, and its contents should appear as a folder on the desktop. If the folder does not appear automatically, then you must unzip the file yourself into a folder. Inside the folder you should find several font files, with extension .ttf, and this manual as a PDF file. Drag the font files into the Fonts folder under the System Folder folder.

Fonts
VedaPad includes two fonts: Vedic97: Devanagari font VedicTrans97: Transliteration font

Both these fonts are available in all applications. These fonts are not Unicode compliant. They have their own proprietary encoding which is unique to VedaType. Therefore, you cannot covert text that is set in other fonts directly into VedaType fonts. You can copy Devanagari and transliteration text as you would any other text. Other users can see the Devanagari and transliteration text set with VedaType, as long as the computer they are working on has the VedaType fonts installed. Obsolete versions of VedaPad and VedaType contained Devanagari and transliteration fonts with other names. If someone sends you an RTF, Doc, or similar file that was produced with an old version of VedaPad or VedaType, and you are unable to read the document, check the font name in the affected section to see if it matches the above names. If not, you may be able to read the document by changing the font in your copy. If you still cannot read it, the person who sent you the file must correct it, either by changing the font and the text, or by converting the file to a PDF file. See PDF Files below.

Getting Started
Selecting MacRoman
To use the method of entering text that is described below, your Mac must be set to use the Standard Roman character set, also called MacRoman. Most computers are already set up for this. Exceptions include users who have set up their Mac to be used in a language other than English. Use the steps below if you believe your Mac may not already be set to MacRoman. In System 9 and earlier: Go to the Text or Keyboard control panel Set the script to Roman. In OS X 10.2 and earlier: From the Apple menu, start System Preferences. From the View menu, select the International pane. Click on the Language tab. Set the script to Roman.

In OS X 10.3 and later: From the Apple menu, start System Preferences. From the View menu, select the International pane. Click on the Language tab. Click on the Customize Sorting button. Set the script to Roman.

Turning Off Auto Typing Features

In every application in which you plan to use VedaType, you must turn off all the features which automatically change certain characters you type into other characters. For example, Word is normally set to change straight quotation marks, ", into curly quotation marks, or . These character substitutions work fine with standard English fonts, but they produce incorrect Devanagari characters with VedaType fonts.
5

The steps you need to follow to turn off this feature vary with each application. Below are directions for turning them off in Word X for Mac. In other programs, you usually follow a similar procedure. From the Tools menu, select AutoCorrect. Click the AutoCorrect tab. Uncheck all items. Click the AutoFormat As You Type tab. Uncheck all items in the Replace as you type section. Click the AutoType tab. Uncheck all items. Click the AutoFormat tab. Uncheck all items in the Replace section. Click OK.

Turning Off Spell Checking

Some applications have automatic spell checking enabled by default. This is fine for English, but it labels every Devanagari word as misspelled. If your document contains a large amount of Devanagari, you may wish to turn off this feature. The steps you need to follow vary with each application. Below are directions for turning them off in Word X for Mac. In other programs, you usually follow a similar procedure. From the Word menu, select Preferences. Click Spelling and Grammar. Uncheck the following items: Check spelling as you type, Always suggest corrections, Check grammar as you type, and Check grammar with spelling. Click OK.

The Devanagari Font

In VedaType, you type Devanagari as a series of complete letters, each representing a complete syllable. A complete letter consists of one or more letter elements, each of which is a character in the font. A table of the main font containing Devanagari characters, the Vedic97 font, is in the Font Tables section below. This table tells you how to type each letter element in the font. The Vedic97 font contains the following types of letter elements: Full letters such as

a or m, including full conjunct characters such as or =. Half letters such as M, including half conjunct characters such as +.
6

 Simple matras, including vowel matras such as anusvaras, viramas, and Vedic accents. Left matras such as

u or e, pre- and post-letter r-matras,

Miscellaneous characters such as punctuation and digits. Most of the matras have several different versions, which differ mainly in their horizontal position, so that the matra can be placed at various points relative to the full letter.

i. Right matras such as I and o .

Typing Devanagari Characters

To type Devanagari, use the following procedure. Open the application in which you wish to type Devanagari. Select the Vedic97 font. Identify the complete letters in the Devanagari text you wish to type. Identify the letter elements in each complete letter. Locate these letter elements in the Vedic97 font table. Type each letter element using the keystrokes in the font table.

To type a conjunct consonant, use these steps. See if there is already a full conjunct character. If you are setting a triple or more conjunct, look for a conjunct character for some of the consonants. If there is no conjunct character, look for a half letter for the first letter element. If there is no conjunct character or half letter, use a full letter plus virama instead of a half letter. To type a complete letter, you must type each of the letter elements in this order: Left matra, if any Half letters, if any Full letter Right matra, if any Simple matras, if any

An Example of Typing Devanagari

We will illustrate the above process by identifying the keystrokes you would use to type the first verse of the Bhagavad-Gita. Here is the Devanagari for this verse:
7

/mR=] e e k=e]e smvet; yuyT u sv" ) m;mk;" p;<@v;wv ikmkvt R s'jy 1

The first word, word as follows.

/mR=] e ,e contains four complete letters, /, mR, =e, and ]e.e /

We type this

The first complete letter, , consists of one letter element. The font table lists the keystroke for this character as /. We type this letter by pressing / on the keyboard. The second complete letter,

mR, consists of two letter elements, m and R.

The second

letter element, , is a simple matra and therefore must be typed after the full letter, even though by sound it comes first. The font table lists the keystrokes for these characters as m and R. We type this letter by pressing m and R on the keyboard. The third complete letter, , consists of a full conjunct character The keystrokes for these letter elements are = and e. The fourth complete letter, , consists of a full conjunct character The keystrokes for these letter elements are ] and e.

=e

= and a matra .e ] and a matra e.

]ee

To summarize, we type the first word, , by typing the keystrokes /mR=e]e. Here are some points of note as we type the rest of the verse. For the first complete letter of the second word,

/mR=] e e

k, if we type ku, we will get the

poorly aligned letter . We can improve the alignment by using one of the other umatra characters. In this case, we can use the u-matra with keystroke option-shift-1, which yields

ku

k. Ts is typed as the half letter T and then the full letter

The second complete letter of the second word, , is a full conjunct character that is typed with option-r, without any need for a separate u-matra character. In the fourth word, the conjunct s.

In the second word of the second line, the conjunct character is typed with two keystrokes, option-e and then i. Several other characters in the font are typed with two keystrokes. In the third word of the second line, the complete letter
8

ik is typed as ik, even though

it is the reverse order by sound. Here are the keystrokes for typing the whole verse.

/mR=] e e k=e]e smvet; yuyT u sv" )

/mR=e]e k(opt-shift-1)(opt-r)=e]e smvet; yuyuTsv" )

m;mk;" p;<@v;wv ikmkvt R s'jy 1

m;mk;" p;<@v;(opt-e)iwv ikmk(opt-shift-1)vRt s'jy (opt-hyphen)1(opt-hyphen)

Typing Transliteration Characters

Transliteration consists of letters with and without diacritical marks. A letter without a diacritical mark is an ordinary letter that you type as in English. To type a letter with a diacritical mark, you do not type the diacritical mark separately, but instead type one or two keystrokes to get the combination of a letter and a diacritical mark. For example, you type option-a to get . The VedicTrans97 font contains a complete set of letters with and without diacritical marks. A table of this font in the Font Tables section lists the keystrokes you type to get the letters with diacritical marks. To type transliteration, use the following procedure. Open the application in which you wish to type the transliteration. Select the VedicTrans97 font. Type letters that do not have diacritical marks as in English. Type letters that have diacritical marks using the keystrokes in the font table.

Here is a transliteration of the first verse of the Bhagavad-Gita along with the keystrokes that are used to type it. dharmaketre kuruketre samavet yuyutsava dharmak(opt-w)etre kuruk(opt-w)etre samavet(opt-a) yuyutsava(opt-h) mmak pavcaiva kimakurvata sajaya (1) m(opt-a)mak(opt-a)(opt-h) p(opt-a)(opt-j)(opt-d)av(opt-a)(ops-s)caiva kimakurvata sa(opt-m)jaya (1)

Font Utilities
Key Caps and Keyboard Viewer
Key Caps and Keyboard Viewer are programs that show an image of the keyboard and allow you to select a font. Each key in the keyboard image shows the corresponding character from the selected font. When you press combination keys such as Shift, Cmd, or Option, the characters on the keys change to show you what results with that combination. You can insert characters from the font in your document by first setting the font, and then either clicking the screen images of the keys or pressing the physical keys. On System 9 and earlier, and OS X 10.2 and earlier, use Key Caps. In System 9 and earlier, Key Caps is a desk accessory on the Apple menu. In OS X 10.2 and earlier: Open a Finder window. Open the Applications folder. Open the Utilities folder Click on Key Caps.

On OS X 10.3 and later, use Keyboard Viewer. You access this program from a menu which is normally hidden. To activate this menu: From the Apple menu, start System Preferences. From the View menu, select the International pane. Click on the Input Menu tab. Click the Show Input Menu in Menu Bar and Show Keyboard Viewer options. A flag icon will then appear in the menu bar. The type of flag depends on the default language.

To use Keyboard Viewer, click on flag icon and select Keyboard Viewer from the menu.

Font Charts
There are many programs that you can download, some of them for free, that show a whole font as a chart of characters and allow you to insert a character from a font by clicking on it. You may prefer this approach to looking up keystrokes. Two such free programs are: For System 9 and earlier, Font Checker, which you can download from http://mac.softpedia.com/get/Font-Tools/Font-Checker.shtml. For OS X, Font Sampler, which you can download from
10

http://mac.softpedia.com/get/Utilities/Font-Sampler.shtml.

PDF Files
PDF files are the Portable Document Format developed by Adobe. This file format has become a widespread standard on the web, since it can contain any kind of font or graphics without the user having to install special font or graphics software. The PDF format is usually best for sharing files containing VedaType text with people who do not have VedaType. PDF files can be viewed with Adobe Acrobat Reader, a free product that can be downloaded at http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. In OS X, you can convert almost any kind of file into a PDF file: Open the file in a native OS X application. On the File menu, select Print. Click Save As PDF. The application will display the original file converted to a PDF in a PDF viewer. Within the PDF viewer, save the PDF file, if desired.

In System 9 and earlier, you must install additional software to create a PDF. We suggest PrintToPDF, a shareware product that you can download from http://www.jwwalker.com/pages/pdf.html and that costs $20 to register.

11

Using VedaPad Fonts with TeX

VedaPad includes VedaTeX, a system to support VedaPad fonts within the typesetting system TeX. VedaTeX is located in the vedatex folder within the VedaPad folder. Detailed instructions are in the VedaTeX manual, vedatexmanual.pdf, in the vedatex\doc\generic\vedatex folder.

12

Font Charts
Vedic97 Font in Devanagari Alphabetical Order

Vedic Keystrokes 97

Code 97 59 148 225 105 201 178 226 190 174 233 73 199 161 172 117 159 145 218
13

A ; i I u

a ; Option-i i Option-Shift-9 i Option-; Option-, Option-Shift-0 Option-' Option-Shift-' Option-` Shift-e Shift-i Option-\ Option-Shift-8 Option-u u Option-u u Option-u e Option-Shift-1

U A O E e w o *

Option-u Shift-e Shift-u Option-u Shift-u Option-` Shift-a Shift-a Shift-o Option-Shift-\ Option-Shift-a Option-o Option-Shift-; Shift-e e Option-0 Option-p Option-e Shift-e w Option-u Shift-y Option-Shift-, Option-` i o Shift-8

232 85 134 203 65 79 200 129 191 242 69 101 188 185 131 119 217 248 147 111 42

' \ " k K = + % : g G ` ~

' Option-/ Option-Shift-. \ Shift-' Option-n a k Shift-k Option-Shift-] Option-] Option-3 = Shift-= Shift-5 Shift-; g Shift-g Option-7 ` Shift-` Option-Shift-6 Option-n o Option-k Option-u i Option-Shift-2

39 214 249 92 34 139 107 75 213 212 163 61 43 37 58 103 71 166 96 126 223 155 251 149 219
14

c C z j J D Z H $ # @

Option-n Shift-o Option-f Option-g Option-6 Option-Shift-f Option-n Shift-n c Shift-c Option-5 z Option-z j Shift-j Option-j Shift-d Shift-z Option-n n Shift-h Option-c Option-Shift-j Shift-4 Option-Shift-o Option-u o Shift-3 Shift-2

205 196 169 164 236 132 99 67 176 122 189 106 74 198 68 90 150 72 141 239 36 175 154 35 64

 ! , < t T ] } q Q d

Option-Shift-[ Option-e o Shift-1 , Shift-, t Shift-t ] Shift-] Option-t Option-i Shift-e Option-` a q Shift-q d Option-Shift-d Option-Shift-p Option-` Shift-i Option-e Option-d Option-Shift-b Option-b Option-m Option-y Option-Shift-q

211 151 33 44 60 116 84 93 125 160 230 136 113 81 100 235 184 237 171 182 245 186 181 180 206
15

{ & / ? n N p P f F b B . > m M y

Shift-[ Shift-7 Option-u a Option-v / Shift-/ Option-Shift-4 Option-Shift-5 n Shift-n Option-8 p Shift-p Option-4 Option-[ f Shift-f b Shift-b . Shift-. m Shift-m Option-9 y

123 38 138 195 47 63 221 222 110 78 165 112 80 162 210 102 70 98 66 46 62 109 77 187 121

Y r [ ^ R | l L v V x X s S

Shift-y Option-Shift-r r Option-r Option-Shift-m [ Option-i a Shift-6 Shift-r Option-. Option-e u Option-Shift-3 Shift-\ l Shift-l v Shift-v x Shift-x Option-Shift-s Option-e i Option-x Option-i e s Shift-s

89 228 114 168 229 91 137 94 82 179 156 220 124 108 76 118 86 120 88 234 146 197 144 115 83
16

W h ) (

Option-` o Option-s Shift-w Option-Shift-w Option-w Option-Shift-c Option-q h Option-i Shift-u Option-` Shift-u Option-h Option-Shift-k Option-Shift-i Option-Shift-n Option-Shift-y Option-Shift-h Option-Shift-l Option-Shift-v

152 167 87 227 183 130 207 104 243 244 250 240 246 247 231 238 241 215

Option-Shift-hyphen 209 Option-l Option-Shift-? Option-a Shift-0 Opt-hyphen Shift-9 194 192 140 41 208 40

Option-= Option-Shift-= Option-2 Option-u y Option-e a Option-n Shift-a Option-1 Option-` u Option-u Shift-o Option-i o -

173 177 170 216 135 204 193 157 133 153 45

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Option-Shift-7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

224 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57

17

Transliteration Characters in VedicTrans97 Font

Vedic Trans 97 Option-n o Option-n a Option-Shift-j Option-j Option-Shift-m Option-r Option-` Shift-i Option-g Option-Shift-s Option-s Option-i Shift-u Option-w Option-i Shift-e Option-t Option-Shift-2 Option-2 Option-u Shift-u 155 139 239 198 229 168 237 169 234 167 243 183 230 160 219 170 134 174 203

Keystrokes Option-n Shift-a Option-a Option-u Shift-o Option-Shift-d Option-d Option-Shift-h Option-h Option-5 Option-Shift-5 Option-Shift-1 Option-1 Option-Shift-r Option-l Option-p Option-Shift-. Option-m Option-Shift-b Option-b

Code 204 140 133 235 182 238 250 176 222 218 193 228 194 185 249 181 245 186

Option-Shift-' Option-` Shift-a

18

Devanagari Characters in VedicTrans97 Font

Vedic Trans Keystrokes 97

Code

Option-9 Option-Shift-= Option-8 Shift-\ Option-6 Option-Shift-a Option-q Option-; Option-n Shift-n Option-Shift-q

187 177 165 124 164 129 207 201 132 206

\ Option-n Shift-o Option-Shift-? Option-f Option-Shift-o Option-Shift-p Option-Shift-z Option-Shift-c Option-3 Option-/ Option-Shift-7

92 205 192 196 175 184 252 130 163 214 224

19

Vedic97 and VedicTrans97 Fonts in Numeric Order

Vedic Vedic 97 Keystrokes Trans 97 (space) ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , . / 0 1 2 3 4 (space) Spacebar

Code Standard 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 (space) ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , . / 0 1 2 3 4

! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , . / 0 1 2 3 4

Shift-1 Shift-' Shift-3 Shift-4 Shift-5 Shift-7 ' Shift-9 Shift-0 Shift-8 Shift-= , . / 0 1 2 3 4
20

53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77

5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M

5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M

5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M

5 6 7 8 9 Shift-; ; Shift-, = Shift-. Shift-/ Shift-2 Shift-a Shift-b Shift-c Shift-d Shift-e Shift-f Shift-g Shift-h Shift-i Shift-j Shift-k Shift-l Shift-m
21

78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f

Shift-n Shift-o Shift-p Shift-q Shift-r Shift-s Shift-t Shift-u Shift-v Shift-w Shift-x Shift-y Shift-z [ \ ] Shift-6 Shift-hyphen ` a b c d e f
22

103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127

g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ (del)

g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~

g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~

g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Shift-[ Shift-\ Shift-] Shift-` Delete

23

128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152

Option-u Shift-a Option-Shift-a Option-Shift-c Option-e Shift-e Option-n Shift-n Option-u Shift-o Option-u Shift-u Option-e a Option-` a Option-i a Option-u a Option-n a Option-a Option-c Option-e e Option-` e Option-i e Option-u e Option-e i Option-` i Option-i i Option-u i Option-n n Option-e o Option-` o
24

153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177

Option-i o Option-u o Option-n o Option-e u Option-` u Option-i u Option-u u Option-t Option-Shift-8 Option-4 Option-3 Option-6 Option-8 Option-7 Option-s Option-r Option-g Option-2 Option-e Option-u Option-= Option-Shift-' Option-Shift-o Option-5 Option-Shift-=
25

178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202

(nbsp)

Option-, Option-. Option-y Option-m Option-d Option-w Option-Shift-p Option-p Option-b Option-9 Option-0 Option-z Option-' Option-o Option-Shift-? Option-1 Option-l Option-v Option-f Option-x Option-j Option-\ Option-Shift-\ Option-; Option-Spacebar
26

203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227

Option-` Shift-a Option-n Shift-a Option-n Shift-o Option-Shift-q Option-q Opt-hyphen Option-Shift-hyphen Option-[ Option-Shift-[ Option-] Option-Shift-] Option-/ Option-Shift-v Option-u y Option-u Shift-y Option-Shift-1 Option-Shift-2 Option-Shift-3 Option-Shift-4 Option-Shift-5 Option-Shift-6 Option-Shift-7 Option-Shift-9 Option-Shift-0 Option-Shift-w
27

228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252

(Apple)

Option-Shift-r Option-Shift-m or Option-i Shift-a Option-i Shift-e Option-Shift-y or Option-e Shift-a Option-u Shift-e Option-` Shift-e Option-Shift-s or Option-e Shift-i Option-Shift-d or Option-i Shift-i Option-Shift-f or Option-u Shift-i Option-` Shift-i Option-Shift-h or Option-e Shift-o Option-Shift-j or Option-i Shift-o Option-Shift-k Option-Shift-l or Option-` Shift-o Option-Shift-; or Option-e Shift-u Option-i Shift-u Option-` Shift-u Option-Shift-b Option-Shift-i Option-Shift-n Option-Shift-, Option-Shift-. Option-h Option-k Option-Shift-z
28

253 254 255

Option-Shift-g Option-Shift-x Option-Shift-t

29

Support
For sales information or technical support for VedaPad, please contact the publisher, Kevin Carmody, at support@kevincarmody.com . Online descriptions of VedaPad and VedaType: http://kevincarmody.com/software/vedapad.html . To purchase VedaType (for Macintosh): https://secure.bmtmicro.com/servlets/Orders.ShoppingCart?CID=5115&PRODUCTID=5 1150001 . To purchase VedaPad (for Windows): https://secure.bmtmicro.com/servlets/Orders.ShoppingCart?CID=5115&PRODUCTID=5 1150000 . To download Adobe Acrobat Reader: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html . To download PrintToPDF: http://www.jwwalker.com/pages/pdf.html . To download Font Checker: http://mac.softpedia.com/get/Font-Tools/Font-Checker.shtml . To download Font Sampler: http://mac.softpedia.com/get/Utilities/Font-Sampler.shtml .

Credits
Fonts developed by Peter Freund. Manual written by Kevin Carmody. Copyright 20052006 Kevin Carmody.

30