Introduction to Computer

Introduction to Computer
Introduction to Computer
Integrated Manufacturing
Integrated Manufacturing
Integrated Manufacturing
NARENDRA A. PATEL
M. Tech. CAD/CAM
U V PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
GANPAT UNIVERSITY
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Definition of CIM
Computer and Automated Systems Association of the
Society of Manufacturing Engineersdefine CIM as under:
CIM is the integration of total manufacturing enterprise
through the use of integrated systems and data communications
coupled with new managerial philosophies that improve
organizational and personnel efficiency.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing is a technology in which
computer aided design, planning, manufacturing and control are
integrated by using computer system to communicate data for
achieving goal of manufacturing firm.
CIM I
We know the fundamental components of
information and communication technology like
computer-, communication- and data-base-systems.
Furthermore they know the principles that support the
product development process (Virtual Product
Development, Virtual Prototyping). In this particular
process IVth generation of computer is used and is
called as CIM I. LSI and VLSI technology is used for
CIM-I
CIM II
The main focus is on flexible automated
processes of manufacturing that are characterized by
the operation of NC-machines and industrial robots.
Typical systems of the flexible automation are
Flexible Manufacturing Cells, Flexible Production
Systems and Flexible Production Lines. The students
know the basic design of these systems as well as their
programming, control and monitoring. Generally
parallel processing is done in CIM-II.
Role of CAD/CAM in CIM
Evolution of CIM with Time Scale
Objectives of CIM
Improve efficiency of the system as imagined in definition
by making optimum use of computers in following
control functions:
Machine control
DNC & VNC control
Production control
Traffic control of work piece transport system
Shuttle control of AGVs, pallet carriers, robots etc.
Work handling system monitoring
Tool control
System performance monitoring and reporting
Major Elements of CIM
Various Activities of CIM
Objectives of CIM
The manufacturing engineers are required to achieve the following
objectives to be competitive in a global contest.
Reduction in inventory
Lower the cost of the product
Reduce waste
Improve quality
Increase flexibility in manufacturing to achieve immediate and
rapid response to :
product changes
production changes
process change
equipment change
change of personnel
Why Use CIM?
Responsiveness to Rapid Changes in Market Demand and
Product Modification.
Better Use of Materials, Machinery, Personnel, Reduction
in Inventory.
Better Control of Production and Management of the
Total Manufacturing Operation.
The Manufacture of High-Quality Products at Low Cost.
CIM Wheel
Strengths of CIM Wheel
This CIM Wheel represent different resources required for the
complete implementation of the CIM.
The second rim from out side define the main CIM implementation
required three main function involvement (i) Manufacturing
Planning and control, (ii) Product Process and (iii) Factory
Automation.
The outer rim shows the management and resource requirement of
the CIM Implementation.
It can also helpful to find out the island required for the complete
CIM
Weakness of CIM Wheel
The main and major weakness of the CIM wheel is it doesnt
shows the way of integration.
It also doesnt represent the complete connection of the different
island.
We can not clarify in which sequence we have to plan for
implementation of the CIM.
The CIM is a computer Integrated Manufacturing so it is need not
to use the conventional words for preparing the CIM Wheel.
The existing CIM wheel is not being time constrained or not
giving particular process constituents or weight age for the same.
CASA CIM Wheel
CIM Enterprise Wheel
CIM Wheel
Positive Changes in CIM Wheel
There are positive changes in CASA/SME wheel are like:
In second inner rim instead of communication data and common data we
can use other word like hardware management and software management
that will emphasis on the other than data we can communicate thesignal
also through the compatible hardware and software systems.
In third inner rim it is newly added in comparison of old wheel, it will
represent that which work is pre planned or virtual or actual inCIM
implementation.
Then in next rim there is no use to use conventional word of thedifferent
island of the CIM because the CIM is already Computer Integrated
manufacturing so we can not go for conventional methods thats why it
will better to use the actual name of the island.
In outer rim instead of using the area of CIM it is better to use major
participant to collaborate with the successful CIM implementation.
Major Applications of CIM
Computer Numerical Control
Adaptive Control
Industrial Robots
Automated Handling of Materials
Automated and Robotic Assembly Systems
Computer-Aided Process Planning
J ust-in-time Production
Group Technology
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Numerical Control
Use Control Microcomputer as an Integral Part
Can be Repeated at a Remote Site by the
Programmer
May Incorporate Information From Drafting
Software
Advantages of CNC:
Increased Flexibility
Greater Accuracy
More Versatility
Adaptive Control
Research Began in Early 1950s
A Logical Extension of CNC
Operator Parameter Adjust Themselves to Fit in New
Circumstances
It Is a Feedback System Basically
Basic Function of AC
Determine Operating Conditions of Process
Configure the Process Control in Response to the Operating
Conditions
Continue to Monitor the Process
Industrial Robots
The Word Robot was Converted from the Czech Work
Robota Which Means Worker
Research Began in Early 1960s
A Mechanism Including Several Degrees of Freedom
Having One or Several Arms
Controlled by A Memorizing Device
Major Applications of Industrial Robots
Material Handling
Spot Welding Utilizes Automobile and Truck bodies
De-burring, Grinding and Polishing
Applying Adhesives and Sealants
Spray Painting
Automated assembly
Inspection and gaging
Automated Handling of Materials
Manual Handling is Very Costly
Working Process and Environment Could Be Danger to
Human Being
Automated Handling Can Minimized the Risk of Getting
Injured
More Efficient and Accurate
Reduction in Cost
Automated & Robotic Assembly
Cost of Manual Assembly is Very High
Automated & Robotic Assembly Reduce the Cost of
Production
Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP)
Tradition Process Planning Is Very Time Consuming and
Not Efficient
CAPP Is Especially Good For Small Volume, High
Variety Parts Production
Cost Savings of CAPP
Reduction in process planning effort
Saving in direct labor
Saving in material
Saving in scrap
Saving in tooling
Reduction in work-in-process
Benefits of CAPP
Reduced Process Planning and Production Lead-Time
Greater Process Plans Consistency
Improved Cost Estimating Procedures F Calculation
Errors
More Complete and Detailed Process Plans
Improved production scheduling and capacity
utilization.
Improved Ability to Introduce New Manufacturing
Technology
J ust-In-Time Production
First Implemented in J apan
Eliminate Sources of Manufacturing Waste
Receive Supplies J ust-In-Time
Produce Parts J ust-In-Time
Produce Subassemblies J ust-In-Time
Produce and Deliver Finished Products J ust-In-Time to
Be Sold
Advantage of J IT
Low Inventory Carrying Costs
Fast Detection of Defects
Reduced Inspection and Rework of Parts
High-Quality Parts Produced at Low Cost
Group Technology
First Developed In Europe in Early 1900s
Parts Can Be Grouped and Produced By Classifying into
Families
Seek Advantage of Design and Processing Similarities
Artificial Intelligence
To Simulate Human Behaviors on Computers
AI Can Exhibit Learning, Reasoning, Problem Solving,
Understand Language
Capable of Modeling, Simulating Production Facilities
Implementation of CIM
The following steps are suggested for implementing CIM :
Define objectives
Define strategic planning horizon
Prepare the organization for change over
Identify the needs and fix the priorities and determine the
level of integration.
Estimate costs, schedule plans, document system
requirements and prepare purchase specifications
Procure hardware, software and training services.
Install equipment and train employee.
Analyze the results and improve the working
Benefits of CIM
Improved customer service
Improved quality
Shorter time to market with new products
Shorter flow time
Shorter vendor lead times
Reduced inventory levels
Improved schedule performance
Lower total cost
Greater long-term profitability
Shorter custom lead times
Increase in manufacturing productivity
Decrease in work in process inventory.
Reduced direct and indirect labor
Benefits of CIM
Reduced manufacturing lead time
Lower in-process inventory
Scheduling flexibility
Higher profit
Reduced scrap and rework
Shortened new product development time
Fewer missed delivery dates
Deceased warranty cost
Higher employee moral
Safe working environment
Improved customer image
Increased job security
Increased machine utilization