INDEX

Acland, Henry W., 128, 1901, 199

Addenbrookes Hospital, 145
Adelaide Gallery see National Gallery of
Practical Science
Agassiz, Louis, 1, 39
agnosticism, 2, 7, 12, 23, 43, 47, 72, 8993,
956, 102, 109, 111, 1923
Airy, George, 121
Allen, Grant, 75, 79, 131, 193
Allingham, William, 187, 189, 191
amateur, historiographical discussion, 514,
58, 6570, 121
see also expert; popularization
Analytical Society, 95
ngstrm, Knut, 46
Apostles Club, 96
Aquinas, St Thomas, 2023
Argyll, Duke of, 153, 197
Aristotle, 202
Arrhehius, Svante, 345, 467, 134
astrophysics see new astronomy
atheism/atheist, 12, 1434, 173, 187, 1913
Athenaeum, 12, 161
atomic theory, 3, 435

Beagle, HMS, voyage of, 162, 166

Beck, Thomas, 1756
Becker, Barbara, 119, 135
Beer, Anne Low, 74
Belfast Address, 3, 4, 13, 30, 173, 1845,
204
Bonney, Thomas George, 129, 152
botany, specimen collecting, 163, 167, 169
Bree, C. R., 153
Breger, Horst, 29
Brewster, David, 116, 118
Bridgewater Treatise, 123
British Association for the Advancement of
Science, 30, 42, 55, 93, 101, 121, 124,
1278, 1301, 139, 1412, 144, 148,
151, 175, 192, 204
British Ornithologists Union, 141, 146
Brooke, John Hedley, 115, 116
Brown, Alan Willard, 188, 190
Browne, Janet, 1011, 137
Brush, Stephen G., 131
Bchner, Ludwig, 25
Bunsen, Robert, 5
Busk, George, 94
Byron, Lord, 143

Copyright

Babbage, Charles, 94, 175

Bacon, Francis, 60
Bain, Alexander, 198
Baird, Spencer, 158
Baldwin, Melinda, 1011
Balfour, Arthur James, 190
Balfour, Francis, 150
Ball, R. S., 131, 134
Banks, Joseph, 158, 167
Barton, Ruth, 7, 10, 30
Bartram, William, 167

Callendar, Guy Stewart, 47

Cambridge Philosophical Society, 91, 146,
166
Cambridge, University of, 9, 65, 92, 956,
100, 103, 118, 13741, 14452, 154,
165, 166, 1723, 182, 189, 1923, 202
Campbell, W. W., 114
Carlyle, Thomas, 23, 31
Carnot, Sadi, 1618, 42
247

248

The Age of Scientific Naturalism

Carpenter, William Benjamin, 189,

199200, 2035
Principles of General and Comparative
Physiology, 81
Cayley, Arthur, 92, 94
Chamberlin, T. C., 134
Chambers, Robert, 72, 73, 75, 778, 80, 88,
117, 144
Explanations, 778
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation,
778, 87, 93, 113, 11516, 11718
Chapman, John, 77
Chasles, Michel, 161
Choi, Tina Young, 24
Church of England, 120, 127, 129, 173, 192
Clark, William, 1456
Clausius, Rudolph, 1516, 18, 201, 256,
28, 402, 45, 1734
Clayton, Charles, 150
Clifford, William Kingdon, 89, 95, 98,
137, 187
and agnosticism, 923, 109
and arithmetic, 1068
and Cambridge, 956
and continuity, 1057
and empiricism, 912
and geometry, 89, 904, 1012, 1067
and Lamarckism, 978
and Metaphysical Society, 1901, 194,
199200
and mind-stuff , 10910
and popularizing mathematics, 93
and quaternions, 91, 100, 103
and scientific naturalism, 204
Clifton, Robert, 179
climate change, 335, 38, 41, 45, 479
Clodd, Edward, 75, 79, 131, 193
clubs, 1901
CO2 theory of climate, 34, 46
Cohen, Bernard, 137
Cole, Henry, 53
Colenso, John, 191
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 73, 80, 823, 87
The Theory of Life, 82
Collinson, Admiral, 64
Combe, George, 76
comparative anatomy, 80, 1459, 1513
Comte, Auguste, 55, 74, 78, 80, 116

System of Positive Philosophy, 74, 116

conservation of energy see thermodynamics,
laws of
correspondence networks, 10, 15861, 164,
1668
Cosslett, Tess, 31
Crick, Francis, 166
Croll, James, 40
Crosse, Andrew, 77
Crowe, Michael J., 123, 135
Cuvier, Georges, 37, 123, 158
Czolbe, Heinrich, 27
Dalgairns, John Dobre, 190, 198, 2024
Darwin, Charles, 8, 19, 71, 73, 77, 80, 82,
84, 867, 89, 92, 95, 120, 12930, 137
40, 14356, 1678, 188, 191, 2035
announcement of evolutionary theory,
165, 168
Correspondence Project, 159, 174
correspondence with women, 167
Descent of Man, 137, 152, 154
letters of, 1589, 162, 1646, 169
On the Origin of Species, 3, 923, 112,
137, 1423, 145, 188, 1912
religious views, 164
Variation of Animals and Plants under
Domestication, 137, 1534
see also natural selection
Darwin, Emma, 139
Darwin, Erasmus, 723, 756, 80, 87, 166
The Botanic Garden, 73, 77
The Temple of Nature, 73, 77
Zoonomia, 77
Darwin, Francis, 139, 152, 154
Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, 139,
154
Darwinism, 9, 71, 73, 13744, 146, 14956
see also natural selection
Davy, Humphrey Sir, 17, 64
Dawes, William Rutter, 115, 127
Dawkins, Richard, 12
Dawson, Gowan, 7, 94, 135
de Beer, Gavin, 137
De Morgan, Augustus, 90, 95
deism see evolutionary deism
Dennet, Daniel, 12
Derby Philosophical Society, 767

Copyright

Index

249

Desmond, Adrian, 53, 188

Devonshire Commission see Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the
Advancement of Science
DeYoung, Ursula, 48
dissipation, 423
and Presbyterianism, 434
Drosier, William, 146, 14850
dynamical theory of heat, 424

Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph, 34, 3541,

468
and geophysics, 378
and greenhouse effect, 368
and heat, 367, 41
and theory of terrestrial temperatures,
368
Frankland, Edward, 54
Froude, James Anthony, 190

Education Act (1870), 191

Einstein, Albert, 158
Eliot, George, 144
Ellicott, Charles John, 198, 203
Elliott, Paul, 77
Elwick, James, 53
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1
Empire, British, 1624
empiricism 712, 868, 923, 102, 199, 202
Engels, Friedrich, 25
England, Richard, 128, 135, 143
entropy see thermodynamics, laws of
epistolary spaces, 162
Essays and Reviews, 191
Euler, Leonhard, 94
evolutionary deism, 8, 72, 748, 86, 88
evolutionary naturalism see scientific naturalism
evolutionary theory, 3, 8, 19, 24, 31, 101, 94,
1378, 144, 147, 152, 155, 203
Darwinian theory of see natural selection
and Naturphilosophie, 73, 79, 835
and teleology, 82
see also Darwinism
Examiner, 51
expert, historiographical discussion, 514,
58, 658, 6970
see also amateur

Galileo, 2
Galton, Francis, 137, 193
galvanometer, 41, 45, 177
see also ratio photospectrometer
Gasquet, Joseph Raymond, 198
Geikie, Archibald, 140
Geological Society of London, 166
geophysics, 378, 47
see also Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph and;
Tyndall, John and
Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und
rzte, 26
Gesner, Conrad, 157
Gladstone, William Ewart, 1901
global warming, 7, 13, 34
biography of, 345, 36, 479
pre-history of, 345
Goethe, J. W. von, 83
Good Words, 153
Gooday, Graeme, 60
Gosse, Philip Henry, 152
Text-Book of Zoology for Schools, 152
Gray, Asa, 155, 1635, 169
Gray, J. E., 144
Greene, Mott, 378
greenhouse effect, 13, 339, 41, 45, 47
see also Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph and;
Tyndall, John and
Gregory, Duncan F., 95
Grove, William, 42
Guardian, 1, 184
Guillemard, F. H. H., 154
Gnther, Albert, 154

Copyright

Faraday, Michael, 5, 17, 42, 64, 1734

Farber, Paul, 137
Feynman, Richard, 13
Fleming, James Rodger, 346
Florence, Italy, 160
Forbes, Edward, 120
Forbes, James David, 5, 40, 42, 62, 173
Fortnightly Review, 1, 90, 190
Foster, Michael, 65

Habermas, Jurgen, 168

Haeckel, Ernst, 25, 131
Hamilton, Sir William Rowan, 91, 1023,
108

250

The Age of Scientific Naturalism

Hansen, James, 47
Hanwell Lunatic Asylum, 143
Harris, Sam, 12
Harrison, Frederic, 190, 1935, 197
Harrison, Peter, 188
Harvard College Observatory, 117
Harvard University, herbarium, 169
heat-death hypothesis, 18, 249
Hegel, G. W. F., 72, 80
heliothermometer, 367
Helmholtz, Hermann von, 1720, 22, 256,
42, 1012, 107
Henry, Joseph, 1, 3
Henslow, John Stevens, 1656, 168
Herschel, John, 41, 64, 89, 92, 94, 11719,
182
Herschel, William, 27, 116
Hess, Moses, 25
Hevly, Bruce, 39, 62
Hill, Matthew, 163
Hill, Rowland, 162
Hind, J. R., 119
Hinton, James, 189
Hirn, Gustave-Adolphe, 42
Hirst, Thomas Archer, 30, 934, 121, 144,
173, 175
Hitchens, Christopher, 12
Holtzmann, Karl, 42
Hooker, Joseph Dalton, 4, 12, 94, 154, 165,
168, 173, 175
letters of, 158, 1645
Hooker, William Jackson, 158, 167
Hopkins, William, 401
Houseman, Laurence, 161
How, James, 162
Howard, Jill, 66
Howe, Joshua, 7
Huggins, William, 8, 9, 113, 11934
and early life, 11920
and evolution, 1245, 127, 132
and religious and theological views, 115,
121, 1246, 1289, 132
as scientific naturalist, 1301
Spectra of Some of the Fixed Stars, 121,
123
and spectroscopic observations, 11314,
1212, 1247, 132
Hulme, Mike, 33, 47

Humboldt, Alexander von, 29

letters of, 1589
Hume, David, 92
Humphry, G. M., 1456
Hunt, Thornton, 54
Hutton, James, 37
Hutton, Richard Holt, 18891, 198, 200,
204
Huxley, Thomas Henry, 4, 8, 9, 12, 43, 48,
79, 80, 82, 85, 889, 924, 96, 112,
121, 131, 1378, 1424, 14755, 162,
169, 173, 187, 189200, 2045
Evolution and Ethics, 79
Lectures on the Elements of Comparative
Anatomy, 151
and Lewes, mutual criticisms, 53, 55
Mans Place in Nature, 151
Manual of the Anatomy of the Vertebrated
Animals, 151
and nebular hypothesis, 131
as popularizer, 52, 93
and theology, 128
Huygens, Christiaan, 166

Copyright
Ibis, 1412, 1446, 153, 155
ice ages, 3840
discovery of, 38
see also Tyndall, John and
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, 48
intuitionism, 197, 202
Jenyns, Leonard, 149
Johnson, Samuel, 157
Joule, James, 15, 17, 21, 42, 173, 185
Jurin, James, 157

Kant, Immanuel, 27, 93, 109, 130, 131, 195

Keats, John, 143
Kelland, Phillip, 95, 1012
Kelvin, Lord see Thomson, William
Kepler (Hugginss dog), 130
Kepler, Johannes, 78,
Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, 158, 167
Kim, Stephen, 27, 31
Kings College, 120
Kingsley, Charles, 144
Kinns, Samuel, 12930, 132

Index
Kirchhoff, Gustav, 172
Knipe, H. R., 134
knowledge, circulation of, 159, 168
Knowles, James, 189, 1901, 198
Khler, Oswald, 29
Kohler, Robert, 60
Kuhn, Thomas, 42
Kuklick, Henrika, 62
Lacroix, S. F., 94
Lagrange, J. L., 94
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, 78, 143
Lancet, 176
Land, J. P. N., 102
Lankester, E. Ray, 137, 193
Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 94, 11617, 1301,
1334
Larmor, Joseph, 134
Leader, 545, 69
Leewenhoek, Antoni van, 166, 167
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 94
letters
authenticity of, 161
intimacy in, 157, 164, 168
problematic definition of, 1612
relationship to scientific publications,
1658
as social capital, 1668
used for collection of data, 15860
Leviathan of Parsonstown, 117, 131
Lewes, George Henry, 7, 778, 801, 144,
193
aquatic organisms, research on, 55, 589,
68
Biographical History of Philosophy, 54, 80
democratic vision of science, 678
domestic spaces used for research, 612
education and career, 545
experiments, 556, 59, 61
fieldwork, 55, 589, 63, 67
humour, 56, 59, 63
and Huxley, mutual criticisms, 53, 55
and journalism, 546
laboratory research, 65
and Leader, 545
Physical Basis of Mind, 51
as physiological psychologist, 513, 56
The Physiology of Common Life, 56

251

Problems of Life and Mind, 54

sceptical of authorities, 68
Sea-Side Studies, 58, 62, 67, 68
Sea-Side Studies, 56
Studies in Animal Life, 59
Liebig, Justus von, 42
Lightman, Bernard, 7, 11, 23, 43, 52, 72, 75,
92, 128, 131, 135, 159
Linnaeus, Carl, 157
Linnean Society of London, 137, 139, 141,
165, 168
Littledale, Rev. Richard Frederick, 2
Livingstone, David, 60
Lobachevskii, Nikolai, 91, 1012, 107
Lockyer, J. Norman, 53, 180
London Contemporary Review, 12
Lubbock, John, 94, 1901,1934, 197
Lucretius, 73
Lyell, Charles, 378, 43, 89, 165, 168

Copyright
Macmillans Magazine, 139, 141
Magee, William Connor, 190, 198, 204
Magellanic Clouds, 118
Manning, Henry Edward, 190, 1989,
2023
Mansel, Henry Longueville, 93
Marburg, University of, 5, 54, 172
Martineau, Harriet, 161
Martineau, James, 189, 198200, 203
materialism, 2930, 43, 712, 868, 92,
143, 173, 187, 1912, 1989
Maudsley, Henry, 137, 193
Maurice, Frederick Denison, 1901, 198
Maxwell, James Clerk, 1, 42, 95, 173, 180,
185
see also North British scientists
Mayer, Julius von, 42
Mayer, Robert, 15, 17, 212, 245, 27, 173
McCoy, Frederick, 169
Melbourne, Botanic Gardens, 158
Melbourne, Natural History Museum, 169
Mersenne, Marin, 157
Metaphysical Society, 11, 187206
Metcalf, Priscilla, 191
Milky Way, 118
Mill, John Stuart, 74, 923, 96, 198, 202
System of Logic, 74

252

The Age of Scientific Naturalism

Miller, William Allen, 115, 119, 120, 1215,

1279, 132
Mivart, St. George, 190, 199201, 204
Mohr, C. F., 42
Mohr, Friedrich, 25
Morley, John, 190, 1934
Moulton, F. R., 134
Mozley, Thomas, 76
Mueller, Ferdinand, 158
Munich, University of, 65
Murchison, Sir Roderick, 64
Museum of Practical Geology, 64
National Gallery of Practical Science, 119
natural history, specimen collecting, 163,
1679
natural selection, 19, 43, 724, 77, 82, 847,
90, 978, 11112, 13840, 1436,
148, 150, 153, 155, 165, 168, 173, 189,
192, 194
see also Darwinism; evolutionary theory
natural theology, 75, 85, 117, 119, 149, 188,
1934
Nature, 51, 130, 150, 153, 166
Naturphilosophie, 8, 73, 79, 83, 86, 88
Nautical Almanac Office, 119
nebulae
and Andromeda Nebula, 1323
and Cats Eye Nebula, 114
nature of, 113, 115, 118, 11719, 1257,
1324
and Orion Nebula, 117, 118, 126, 134,
227
planetary, 1256
and variable nebulae, 119
nebular hypothesis, 9, 18, 267, 77, 11519,
121, 1304
Neswald, Elizabeth, 6, 43
networks, in science, 159, 1656, 1679
new astronomy, 114, 115, 119, 132
Newman, John Henry, 198
Newton, Alfred, 8, 9
and Charles Darwin, 1378, 1457, 152,
154
and classification of birds, 1378, 1478,
1523, 156
and Darwinism, 9, 13744, 146, 148,
14956

Dictionary of Birds, 156

Early Days of Darwinism, 13942
and Francis Darwin, 139, 152, 154
and natural selection, 13940, 143, 145,
14850, 1545
Ornithology, 137, 156
professorship at Cambridge, 138,
14550, 1523
and religion, 138, 1502, 155
and Richard Owen, 144, 148, 1523
and scientific naturalism, 1378, 145,
148, 155
and T. H. Huxley, 1378, 1478, 1513,
155
and zoology, 137, 140, 14552
Zoology, 1502
Newton, Edward, 1434, 153
Newton, Isaac, 166, 172
Nichol, John Pringle, 116
Nineteenth Century, 113, 129, 130
Noel, Roden, 189
North British scientists, 11, 19, 21, 24, 424,
1734, 185
see also Maxwell, James Clerk; Tait, Peter
Guthrie; Thomson, William

Copyright

Oersted, Hans, 17
Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey, 116
Oken, Lorenz, 73, 80, 878
Elements of Physio-philosophy, 73, 801
influence on Herbert Spencer, 80
Lehrbuch der Naturphilosophie, 73
Oldenburg, Henry, 10, 157
Optiz, Donald, 60
Origo, Iris, 160
ornithology, 1378, 1478, 1523, 1556
Owen, Richard, 55, 68, 79, 144, 146, 148,
1513, 158
Anatomy of Vertebrates, 152
and vertebral theory of the skull, 79
Pacific and Orient shipping line, 164
Paley, William, 85, 86, 119
Natural Theology, 85
paper
manufacture of, 164
taxes on, 164
Paradis, James, 195

Index
Pattison, Mark, 198
Peacock, George, 945, 103, 107
Pearson, Karl, 193
peer review, scientific, 11, 158, 166, 186
Penny Black postal stamp, 163
penny post, 1623
Perutz, Max, 158
Petrunic, Josipa, 9
Philosophical Magazine, 44, 64
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 10, 121
and 1845 Royal Medal scandal, 1756
and Fellowship qualifications for Royal
Society, 175
and George Gabriel Stokes, 1712,
17686
and refereeing system, 176, 17980, 186
pluralism, 118, 1234, 130, 229
Poillet, Claude, 40
Pollock, Mrs, 30
popularization, popularizer, popular science,
4, 5, 7, 19, 25, 5170, 104, 113, 121,
174
definitions, 51, 52, 56, 69
historiographical discussion, 5, 7, 512,
534, 6970
see also amateur
Porter, Roy, 77
positivism, 524, 69, 73, 74
see also Comte, Auguste
postal history, 160, 1624
Prayer-Gauge Debate, 1, 4, 13
priority, role of letters in, 161, 165, 168
Pritchard, Charles, 189
Proctor, Richard, 52
psychophysical parallelism, 71

253

Religious Tests Act (1871), 192

Reuschle, Carl Gustav, 278
Revelle, Roger, 47
Richardson, Samuel, 168
Riemann, Bernhard, 912, 94, 1012, 107
Roberts, Isaac, 1323
Robertson, G. Croom, 190
Robinson, Thomas Romney, 117
Roget, Peter Mark, 123
Rolleston, George, 148
Rosse, Lord, 117, 118, 126
Rowell, G. A., 153
Royal Astronomical Society, 1201, 127,
132
Royal College of Surgeons, 153
Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction
and the Advancement of Science, 150,
192
Royal Institution of Great Britain, 1, 56,
15, 41, 54, 64, 90, 93, 97, 1056, 130,
132, 172
Royal Society of London, 6, 43, 113,
11921, 157, 166, 172, 1756, 178,
1801, 185
see also Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society
Rumford, Count, 64
Rupke, Nicholaas A., 123
Ruskin, John, 190
Russell, Arthur, 1989, 199, 204
Russell, E. S., 81

Copyright

Quarterly Review, 139, 143

Queenwood College, 5, 172
Raffles, Thomas, 127
railways, Britain, 163
Rankin, Jeremiah, 7, 10
Rankine, William, 42
rationalism, 8, 72, 88
ratio photospectrometer, 6, 7, 34, 39, 445
Ray Society, 73
Reidy, Michael, 39, 135

Sabine, Edward, 113, 119

Saint-Hilaire, Geoffroy, 123
Saussure, Horace Bndict de, 367, 401
Schaffer, Simon, 116
Schelling, Friedrich, 80, 83
Schweber, Sylvan, 116
science
amateur, 514, 58, 658, 6970, 121
and authority, 7, 11, 514, 58, 658,
6970
and bravery of scientific men, 623, 65
collaboration in, 645
communication in, 4, 5, 1011, 166,
1678
dangers and difficulty of, 623
elitist, 53, 6570

254

The Age of Scientific Naturalism

experiments superior to observations,

602, 69
fieldwork, 55, 5863, 67, 69
identity of scientific men, 5170
infrastructure, 158, 166
networks in, 159, 1656, 1679
patronage in, 158, 168
popular/popularizers of, 45, 7, 19, 25,
5170, 93, 104, 113, 121, 174
public versus private, 5, 7, 10, 138,
1425, 14950, 1524
and religion/theology, 3, 9, 11, 13, 16,
1819, 24, 269, 31, 52, 138, 1423,
14952, 155, 173, 185, 190, 1935,
197, 2001, 2035
sites for, 61, 62, 656, 67, 69
specialization in, 1478, 152
travel, value of, 1467, 152
and visual culture, 10
women in, 167, 208
scientific naturalism, 4, 5, 711, 13, 43, 47,
48, 524, 702, 86, 89, 120, 1301,
138, 1445, 148, 155, 158, 187206
Sclater, Philip Lutley, 153
Second Reform Act, 191
Secord, James, 116
Sedgwick, Adam, 120, 146
See, T. J. J., 134
Seeley, John Robert, 189
Sguin, Marc, 42
Shapin, Steven, 161, 165
Sharpey, William, 175
Sheets-Pyenson, Susan, 67
Shipley, Arthur, 140, 151
Sidgwick, Henry, 1901, 194, 198200
Silliman, Benjamin, Jr, 3
Singapore, 164, 167
Smith, Crosbie, 11, 42
Smith, Jonathan, 9, 10, 11
Smith, Robert W., 9, 11, 133
Smithsonian Institution, 3, 158
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge,
1502, 154
Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 162
South, James, 117
Spectator, 1, 1889
Spencer, George (father of Herbert), 76

Spencer, Herbert, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 20, 48,

7199, 101, 104, 108, 11012,
11819, 131, 137, 144, 173, 193, 200
agnosticism, 72
Autobiography, 81, 83
concept of equilibrium, 856
concept of evolution, 734, 815
concept of progress, 74, 78, 79, 85
ethical theory, 74, 78, 88
evolutionary deism, 76
evolutionary naturalism, 71, 72, 88
First Principles, 84
nature as a moral order, 78
Principles of Biology, 79
Progress: Its Law and Cause, 745, 83
Social Statics, 83
System of Synthetic Philosophy, 72, 75, 78,
79, 81, 88
Stanley, Arthur, 190, 198
Stephen, Leslie, 72, 96, 190, 1934, 199,
205
Stevens, Samuel, 167
Stokes, George Gabriel, 10, 11, 45
biography, 172
and Cambridge University, 172
and correspondence, 17486
and North British scientists, 1734, 185
and Philosophical Transactions, 171, 172,
17686
referee reports, 1789, 181
religious beliefs, 173, 184
and Royal Society of London, 172, 176
as Victorian correspondent, 174, 185
Strahan, Alexander, 191
Strau, David Friedrich, 27
Swinhoe, Robert, 154
Sylvester, James Joseph, 190

Copyright

Tait, Peter Guthrie, 19, 21, 234, 42, 93,

1024, 1089, 173, 174
criticisms of Tyndall, 51, 70
see also North British scientists
Taylor, Michael, 7, 8, 11
telegraphy, 161
Tennyson, Alfred, 189, 191, 204
thermodynamics, laws of, 3, 6, 1531, 425,
712, 74, 130, 173
Thomson, James, 42

Index
Thomson, William, 1, 1819, 21, 234, 26,
28, 42, 43, 95, 104, 172, 1734, 1789,
185, 198
and Darwinian evolution, 43
and dissipation, 423
and dynamical theory of heat, 42
and heat death, 43
see also North British scientists
Thorough Club, 144
Thrale, Mrs Hester, 157
tides, theory of, 158
Times, 119, 129
transcendental biology see Naturphilosophie
transcendentalism, 72
Trembley, Abraham, 158
Trinity House, 6, 64
Tripos exams, 89, 956, 103, 145, 150, 172
Tristram, Henry Baker, 141, 1424, 146,
150, 155
Turner, Frank, 3, 7, 8, 10, 12, 71, 130, 138,
2056
Between Religion and Science, 52, 71
Turner, H. H., 132
Tylor, Edward, 193
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change
Research, 13, 33, 49
Tyndall Effect, 6
Tyndall, John, 72, 89, 93, 96, 112, 121, 137,
187, 1903, 195, 198, 200, 2045
and absorption of heat by gases, 57, 36,
401, 436, 1779, 181, 183
and agnosticism, 2, 7, 173
and alpinism, 1, 7, 55, 62, 173
and aqueous vapour, 402
and atmospheric physics, 61, 66
and Bakerian Lecture (1861) see On the
Absorption and Radiation of Heat
Belfast Address, 3, 4, 13, 30, 173, 1845,
204
and climate change, 335, 39, 40, 41, 43,
456
and conservation of energy, 42
The Constitution of the Universe, 22, 29
death of, 11
and dynamical theory of heat, 434
education and career, 5, 54
elitist vision of science, 656, 6870
experimental skill claimed, 44, 578, 66

255
experiments in lectures, 6, 57, 66
fieldwork, 5, 58, 60, 623
fog signal trials, 58, 61
Fragments of Science, 1, 46
and geophysics, 47
and germ theory of disease, 47, 61
and glaciers/glaciology, 5, 7, 22, 39,
401, 46, 612
Glaciers of the Alps (1860), 5, 55
and greenhouse effect, 39, 41, 45, 47
Heat Considered as a Mode of Motion
(1863), 15, 21, 25, 30, 54, 64, 66
Hours of Exercise in the Alps (1871), 1
and ice ages, 39, 40
and journalism, 546
as lecturer, lecture topics, 6, 545, 57, 66
Lessons in Electricity, 66
letters of, 12, 158, 162, 165, 169, 171,
1745
and lighthouses, 6, 64
and metaphysics, 43
and materialism, 10, 30, 43, 173, 187
and narcotics, 2
and nebular hypothesis, 131
New Fragments, 55
Niagara visit, 63
and North British physicists, 11, 42, 44,
51, 70, 1734, 185
On the Absorption and Radiation of
Heat, 41, 1769, 1812
On the Atmosphere as a Vehicle of
Sound, 17980, 182
and optics, 41
and Ordnance Surveys, 5
on polarization of light, 61
Prayer for the Sick, 1
and Queenwood College, 5, 172
on rainbows, 51, 60,
and ratio photospectrometer, 67, 39,
445
and Royal Institution, 1, 5, 6, 15, 41, 54,
64, 93, 172
and Rumford Medal, 6
and science and religion, 13, 7, 11, 13,
25, 30, 173, 1845, 195, 200, 205
and science popularization, 5, 512,
546, 69, 93, 174, 185

Copyright

256

The Age of Scientific Naturalism

and scientific naturalism, 1, 34, 711,

43, 478, 52, 65, 70, 158,
and theology, 23, 9, 23, 434, 70
and Trinity House, 6, 64
and visit to America, 13, 63
and X-Club, 72, 94, 112, 1734, 191
Tyndall, Louisa, nee Hamilton, 11, 12
Tyndallization, 6
Tyneside Naturalists Field Club, 144
Ueberweg, Friedrich, 27
uniformity in nature, 194, 203
unity of operation, 1224, 132
unity of plan, 1224, 125, 132
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation see
Chambers, Robert
vis viva, 43
Volta, Alessandro, 42
von Baer, Karl Ernst, 73, 80, 812, 83, 84,
87, 88
von Baers law, 82, 834
von Siebold, Karl Theodore Ernst, 65

Malay Archipelago, 153

Ward, James, 71, 72
Ward, William George, 190, 1989, 2014
Waterston, John James, 24
Watson, James D., 166
Weatherall, Mark, 137
Wells Fargo, USA, 163, 164
Wells, H. G., 85
The Time Machine, 85
Werner, Abraham Gottlob, 378
Westminster Review, 53, 55, 74, 83, 118
Whewell, William, 85, 89, 92, 95, 118, 123,
126, 146, 158, 202
Of the Plurality of Worlds, 85, 118, 126
White, Paul, 52, 53
Wilberforce, Samuel, 1424
Wolf, Joseph, 142
Wolff, Caspar Friedrich, 83
Wollaston, A. F. R., 1401, 143, 151, 155
Life of Alfred Newton, 1401, 155
Wollaston, Vernon, 149
women, in science, 167, 206

Copyright
Wallace, Alfred Russel, 137, 139, 141, 143,
153, 165, 167
announcement of evolutionary theory,
165, 168
Contributions to the Theory of Natural
Selection, 153

X-Club, 41, 712, 88, 934, 112, 121, 138,

144, 1734, 185, 191
Young, Robert, 188, 191
Young, Thomas, 64

Zoological Society of London, 143