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G52IIP
!! Introduces topics and techniques related to the use of computers to
!! Acquire !! Store !! Process/Manipulate !! Model !! Analyse/Interpret !! Display
images !! Gives experience of implementing, applying and evaluating image processing methods
!! All share representations, underlying mathematics and some algorithms !! Their goals are very different
Measurements
Image Processing
!! Mainly concerned with:
!! Image acquisition capture a low-level digital representation of the viewed world !! Image processing noise removal, smoothing, sharpening, contrast enhancement, etc. !! Image compression efficient representation of image data for storage (minimise disk space) and communication (minimise network bandwidth) !! Display render the image data on reproduction media (screens, printer paper) Objects
Images
Image Processing
!! Image acquisition (low-level) digital representation of the viewed world
123 33 234 45 67 90 12 134 34 56 89 54 67 98 111 56 67 90 65 34 .
Pixel values represent the brightness and colour of the viewed objects, but give no indication of what object, e.g., books, monitors, these numbers refer to hence low-level
Image Processing
!! Image acquisition (low-level) digital representation of the viewed world
123 33 234 45 67 90 12 134 34 56 89 54 67 98 111 56 67 90 65 34 .
! What should these numbers record? ! How big should the array be? ! What range (precision) of values should be stored?
Image Processing
!! Image processing noise removal, smoothing, sharpening, contrast enhancement, changing the appearance of an image
Noise reduction
Image Processing
!! Image processing noise removal, smoothing, sharpening, contrast enhancement, changing the appearance of an image
Sharpening
Image Processing
!! Image processing noise removal, smoothing, sharpening, contrast enhancement, changing the appearance of an image
Smoothing
Image Processing
!! Image processing noise removal, smoothing, sharpening, contrast enhancement, changing the appearance of an image
Contrast Enhancement
10
Image Processing
!! Image processing noise removal, smoothing, sharpening, contrast enhancement, changing the appearance of an image
Image Processing
!! Image compression efficiently represent image data for storage (minimisedisk space) and communication (minimise network bandwidth)
245,760 bytes
69,632 bytes
5,951 bytes
Image Processing
!! Display render the image data on reproduction media (screens, printer paper)
Image Processing
!! Display render the image data on reproduction media (screens, printer paper)
Image Analysis
!! Concerned with making quantitative measurements on images:
!! Image acquisition is constrained so that image measurements are a proxy for some real world value !! Sits between image processing and computer vision !! G52IIP covers methods widely used in image analysis
Objects
Images
Measurements
Image Analysis
!! Many application areas:
!! Document processing !! Medical !! Scientific !! Industrial inspection: Food, textiles, manufacturing,..
!! Image processing pipelines and measurement methods are application specific !! Uses generic operations where possible, and engineering, more than scientific approach
Computer Vision
!! Each pixel value in a standard camera image is a function of
!! the reflectance of the viewed object !! the shape of the viewed object !! illumination conditions !! viewing geometry
Computer Vision
!! Aims to invert image formation & recover information about the viewed world
Objects
Objects
Measurements
Images
Computer Vision
!! Those working in computer vision address issues in
!! Object detection and recognition !! Recovery of 3D shape !! Tracking and motion analysis !! Event recognition !! .
!! They work with naturally occurring images to solve more general problems than are usually addressed in Image Analysis !! See G54VIS: Computer Vision
Computer Graphics
!! Focus is on creating images from object models:
!! !! !! !! !! !! !! Lighting and shading modeling Volume modeling Curve and surface modeling Visibility modeling Texture synthesis Character animation Modeling terrain, liquids, fire/smoke, cloth, hair/fur, feathers, skin etc
G52IIP - Content
!! Image formation, acquisition, colour
G52IIP - Content
!! Image processing theory and practice
!! !! !! !!
How is this possible? How is it achieved? What problem is being solved? What else can be done?
G52IIP - Content
!! Spatial domain methods (operating directly on the image)
!! Point operations !! Area operations
G52IIP - Content
!! Image Compression !! Types of redundancy !! Exploiting redundancy
!! Huffman coding !! LZW coding !! Predictive coding !! Quantisation-based methods
G52IIP - Content
!! Edge detection and image segmentation
!! A step towards image analysis & computer viison !! Underlying theory !! Some useful algorithms
G52IIP - Content
!! Selected Advanced Topics: Content-based Image Retrieval !! Show me all the images like this
in here
G52IIP - Content
!! Selected Advanced Topics: Introduction to Image Stitching
+ .+
G52IIP - Resources
!! Two lectures, one lab per week: exercises using Matlab !! Moodle page with additional readings, links, etc !! Some good books:
G52IIP - Assessment
!! 2000 word programming assignment/report
!! Series of Matlab tasks !! Explanation & evaluation of results !! Out: soon !! Deadline: soon after
im=imread('Atrium2.jpg'); im_grey=sum(im,3); im_grey=im_grey/max(im_grey(:)); subplot(2,4,1); imshow(im_grey);title('grey image'); thresh=0.5; im_grey(im_grey<=thresh)=0; im_grey(im_grey>thresh)=1; subplot(2,4,2); imshow(im_grey);title('binary image');
!! 1 hour exam
!! Answer each of 3 questions