SPECIFICATION FOR COPPER AND COPPER-ALLOY SEAMLESS CONDENSER AND HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES WITH INTEGRAL FINS

SB-359
(Identical with ASTM Specication B 359-94 for the alloys covered except for editorial differences. Certication has been made mandatory.)

1.

Scope

1.1 This specication covers seamless copper and copper alloy tubes on which the external or internal surface, or both, has been modied by a cold-forming process to produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heat transfer. The tubes are used in surface condensers, evaporators, and heat exchangers and are normally made from the following copper and copper alloys.
Copper or Copper AlloyA UNS No. C10200 C12000 C12200 C14200 C19200 C23000 C44300 C44400 C44500 C60800 C68700 C70400 C70600 C71000 C71500
A

NOTE 1 A complete metric companion to Specication B 359 has been developed B 359M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specication.

1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 19, of this specication: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Previously Used Designation OFB DLPB DHPB DPAB ... Red brass Admiralty metal

Type of Metal Oxygen-free without residual deoxidants Phosphorized, low residual phosphorus Phosphorized, high residual phosphorus Phosphorized arsenical Phosphorized, 1% iron Types B, C, D ... Type B ... ... Type A ...

2.

Referenced Documents

2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date of material purchase form a part of this specication to the extent referenced herein: 2.1.1 ASTM Standards: B 153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and Copper Alloy Tubing B 154 Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper and Copper Alloys B 224 Classication of Coppers B 601 Practice for Temper Designations for Copper and Copper Alloys Wrought and Cast E 8 Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials E 29 Practice for Using Signicant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance With Specications E 53 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper (Electrolytic Determination of Copper) E 54 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Special Brasses and Bronzes

Aluminum bronze Aluminum brass 955 copper-nickel 9010 copper-nickel 8020 copper-nickel 7030 copper-nickel

The UNS system for copper and copper alloys is a simple expansion of the former standard designation system accomplished by the addition of a prex C and a sufx 00. The sufx can be used to accommodate composition variations of the base alloy. B Designations listed in Classication B 224.

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SB-359

2001 SECTION II

E 55 Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition E 62 Photometric Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and Copper-Base Alloys E 75 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper-Nickel and Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloys E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size E 243 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Testing of Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes E 478 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper Alloys E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)

di dr do

xp

tt

xf

d = outside diameter of unenhanced section do = outside diameter of the enhanced section dr = root diameter of the enhanced section

3.

Terminology 3.1 Denitions: 3.1.1 lengths straight pieces of the product.

di = inside diameter of the enhanced section xp = wall thickness of the unenhanced section xf = wall thickness of the enhanced section tt = transition taper
NoteThe outside diameter over the enhanced section will not normally exceed the outside diameter of the unenhanced section.

3.1.1.1 specic straight lengths that are uniform in length, as specied, and subject to established length tolerances. 3.1.2 tube, seamless a tube produced with a continuous periphery in all stages of the operations. 3.1.2.1 tube, condenser See tube, heat exchanger. 3.1.2.2 tube, heat exchanger a tube manufactured to special requirements as to dimensional tolerances, nish, and temper for use in condensers and other heat exchangers. 3.1.2.3 tube, heat exchangers with integral enhanced surface an external or internal surface, or both, modied by a cold forming operation, to produce an enhanced surface for improved heat transfer. The enhancement may take the form of longitudinal or helical ns or ridges, or both, or modications thereto.

FIG. 1 OUTSIDE DIAMETER ENHANCED TUBE NOMENCLATURE

agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser (see Figs. 1, 2, and 3), 4.1.4 If the product is to be subsequently welded (see Table 1 and Footnote D), 4.1.5 Quantity of each size, and 4.1.6 Mill test report, if required (Section 24).

4.

Ordering Information

5.

General Requirements

4.1 Orders for material under this specication shall include the following information: 4.1.1 Alloy (Section 1), 4.1.2 Temper (Section 8), 4.1.3 Dimensions: diameter, wall thickness, length and location of unenhanced surfaces, and total tube length. Conguration of enhanced surfaces shall be as
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5.1 Tubes covered by this specication shall normally be furnished with unenhanced ends, but may be furnished with enhanced ends or stripped end from which the outside diameter enhancement has been removed by machining.
NOTE 2 The enhanced sections of tube in the as-fabricated temper are in the cold worked condition produced by the enhancing operation. The unenhanced sections of tube in the as-fabricated temper are in the temper used for enhancing (annealed or light drawn) and suitable for rolling-in operations.

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PART B NONFERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

di d tt dr do

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xp

xf

d = outside diameter of unenhanced section do = outside diameter over the enhanced section dr = root diameter of the enhanced section di = inside diameter of the enhanced section xp = wall thickness of the unenhanced section xf = wall thickness of the enhanced section tt = transition taper

FIG. 2 OUTSIDE DIAMETER AND INSIDE DIAMETER ENHANCED TUBE NOMENCLATURE

Bottom wall O.D. Ridge height

O.D. 360 deg N H deg Helix angle

FIG. 3 INSIDE DIAMETER ENHANCED TUBE NOMENCLATURE

6.

Materials and Manufacture

6.1 The material shall be of such quality and purity that the nished products shall conform to the requirements prescribed in this specication and shall be cold worked to the specied size. To comply with this specication, the n and tube material must be homogeneous. 7. Chemical Composition

7.2 These specication limits do not preclude the presence of other elements. Limits for unnamed elements may be established by agreement between manufacturer or supplier and purchaser. 7.2.1 Copper Alloy UNS No. C19200 Copper may be taken as the difference between the sum of all the elements analyzed and 100%. When all the elements in Table 1 are analyzed, their sum shall be 99.8% minimum. 7.2.2 For copper alloys in which copper is specied as the remainder, copper may be taken as the difference
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7.1 The material shall conform to the chemical requirements specied in Table 1.

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SB-359

2001 SECTION II TABLE 1 CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS

Copper or Copper Alloy UNS No. C10200 C12000 C12200 C14200 C19200 C23000 C44300 C44400 C44500 C60800 C68700 C70400 C70600 C71000 C71500
A B C
B

Composition, % Nickel, incl Cobalt Other Named Chromium Elements ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
C C C

CopperA 99.95 min. 99.90 min. 99.9 min. 99.40 min. 98.7 min. 84.086.0 70.073.0 70.073.0 70.073.0 Remainder 76.079.0 Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder

Tin

Aluminum

Lead, Max. ... ... ... ... ... 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.05C 0.05C 0.05C

Iron ... ... ... ... 0.81.2 0.05 max. 0.06 max. 0.06 max. 0.06 max. 0.10 max. 0.06 max. 1.31.7 1.01.8 0.501.0 0.401.0

Zinc ... ... ... ... ... Remainder Remainder Remainder Remainder ... Remainder 1.0 max. 1.0 max.C 1.0 max.C 1.0 max.C

Manganese ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.300.8 1.0 max. 1.0 max. 1.0 max.

Arsenic

Antimony

Phosphorus

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.91.2 ... ... 0.91.2 ... ... 0.91.2 ... ... ... 5.06.5 ... ... 1.82.5 ... ... ... 4.86.2 ... ... 9.011.0 ... ... 19.023.0 ... ... 29.033.0

... ... ... ... ... 0.0040.012 ... ... 0.0150.040 0.150.50 ... 0.0150.040 ... ... 0.010.04 ... ... ... 0.020.06 ... ... ... 0.020.10 ... ... ... 0.020.10 0.020.35 ... ... 0.020.06 ... ... ... ... ... C ... ... C ... ... C ... ...

Copper (including silver). Oxygen in C10200 shall be 10 ppm max. When the product is for subsequent welding applications, and so specied by the purchaser, zinc shall be 0.50% max., lead 0.02%, phosphorus 0.02% max., sulfur and carbon 0.05% max.

between the sum of all the elements analyzed and 100%. 7.2.2.1 When all the elements in Table 1 are analyzed, their sum shall be as shown in the following table.
Copper Alloy UNS No. C60800 C70400 C70600 C71000 C71500 Copper Plus Named Elements, % min 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5

8.

Temper

8.1 The tube after enhancing shall be supplied in either of the following tempers, one of which must be specied on the purchase order: annealed temper or as-fabricated temper (see Table 2 and Practice B 601).
NOTE 3 The enhanced sections or tube in the as-fabricated temper are in the cold-worked condition produced by the enhanced operation. The unenhanced sections of tube in the as-fabricated temper are in the temper used for enhancing (annealed or light drawn) and suitable for rolling-in operations.

7.2.3 For copper alloys in which zinc is specied as the remainder, either copper or zinc may be taken as the difference between the sum of all the elements analyzed and 100%. 7.2.3.1 When all the elements in Table 1 are analyzed, their sum shall be as shown in the following table.
Copper Alloy UNS No. C23000 C44300 C44400 C44500 C68700 Copper Plus Named Elements, % Min. 99.8 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.5

8.2 Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C23000, C44300, C44400, C44500, C60800, and C68700, furnished in the as-nned temper, must be stress-relief annealed after enhancing and meet the requirements of the mercurous nitrate test prescribed in Section 13. Stress-relief annealing of the coppers and the other copper alloys covered by this specication is not required.
NOTE 4 Some tubes, when subjected to aggressive environments, may be subject to stress-corrosion cracking failure because of the residual tensile stresses developed in straightening. For such applications, it is recommended that tubes of Alloys UNS Nos. C23000, C44300, C44400, C44500, C60800, and C68700 be subjected to a stress relieving thermal treatment subsequent to straightening. If required, this must be specied on the purchase order or contract. Tolerances for roundness and length, and the condition of straightness, for tube so ordered, shall be to the requirements agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.

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PART B NONFERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 2 TENSILE REQUIREMENTS

Temper Designation Copper or Copper Alloy UNS No. C10200, C12000, C12200, C14200 C10100, C10200, C10300, C10800, C12000, C12200, C14200 C19200 C23000 C44300, C44400, C44500 C60800 C68700 C70400 C70600 C71000 C71500
A B

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Tensile Strength, Min. ksiA 30 36 38 40 45 50 50 38 40 45 52

Yield Strength,B Min. ksiA 9C 30 12 12 15 19 18 12 15 16 18

Standard O61 H55 O61 O61 O61 O61 O61 O61 O61 O61 O61

Former Annealed Light-drawn Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed

ksi p 1000 psi. At 0.5% extension under load. C Light straightening operation is permitted.

9.

Tensile Properties

12.

Flattening Test

9.1 Prior to the enhancing operations, the tube shall conform to the requirements for tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.

10.

Microscopical Examination

10.1 Samples of enhanced sections of annealedtemper tubes examined at a magnication of 75 diameters shall show complete recrystallization and shall have an average grain size within the limits of 0.010 to 0.045 mm when the grain size is determined in the wall outside of the enhanced area. 10.2 The surface of the test specimen for the microscopical examination shall approximate a radial longitudinal section of the tube.

12.1 Unenhanced lengths of tubes selected for test shall be attened on different elements. Each element shall be slowly attened by one stroke of a press. The term attened shall be interpreted as that condition which allows a micrometer caliper, set at three times the wall thickness, to pass over the tube freely throughout the attened part, except at the points where the change in element of attening takes place. The attened elements shall not show cracking or rupture visible to the unaided eye (Note 5).

13.

Mercurous Nitrate Test

13.1 Caution Mercury is a denite health hazard and therefore equipment for the detection and removal of mercury vapor produced in volatilization is recommended. The use of rubber gloves in testing is advisable. 13.2 The test specimens, cut 6 in. in length and taken from the enhanced portion and the unenhanced portion of each sample length, shall withstand without cracking, an immersion in the standard mercurous nitrate solution prescribed in Test Method B 154; the unenhanced specimens shall include the nished tube end. The mercurous nitrate test is required only for copper alloy UNS Nos. C23000, C44300, C44400, C44500, C60800, and C68700.
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11.

Expansion Test

11.1 The unenhanced sections of all tubes selected for test shall withstand the expansion shown in Table 3 when expanded in accordance with Test Method B 153. The expanded tube shall show no cracking or rupture visible to the unaided eye.
NOTE 5 The term unaided eye as used herein permits the use of corrective spectacles necessary to obtain normal vision.

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SB-359

2001 SECTION II TABLE 3 EXPANSION REQUIREMENTS

Temper Designation Standard O61 H55 O61 Former Annealed Light-drawn Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed Copper or Copper Alloy UNS No. C10200, C12000, C12200, C14200 C10200, C12000, C12200, C14200 C19200 C23000 C44300C44500 C60800 C68700 C70400 C70600 C71000 C71500 Expansion of Tube Outside Dia. in Percent of Original Outside Dia. 30 20 30 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30

TABLE 4 DIAMETER OF DRILLED HOLES

Nominal Dia. Over Fins or Unnned Section, in.
1

Dia. of Drilled Holes, in. 0.042No. 58 drill 0.046No. 56 drill

458, incl Over 581, incl

14.

Nondestructive Testing

14.1 Each tube shall be subjected to a nondestructive test. Tubes shall normally be tested in the as-fabricated temper; however, they may be tested in the annealed temper at the option of the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specied, the manufacturer shall have the option of testing the tube by one of the following tests. 14.1.1 Eddy-Current Test: 14.1.1.1 The tube shall be passed through an eddy-current testing unit adjusted to provide information on the suitability of the tube for the intended application. 14.1.1.2 The testing shall follow the procedures of Practice E 243, except that the sensitivity settings of the test equipment shall be adjusted using the hole sizes specied in Table 4. The holes for sensitivity adjustment shall be drilled radially through an unenhanced portion of the standard tube or through a length of prime surface tube of the same size, temper, and composition. By mutual agreement between manufacturer or supplier and purchaser, discontinuities of other contours may be used on the calibration standard.
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14.1.1.3 Tubes that do not actuate the signaling device on the eddy-current tester shall be considered as conforming to the requirements of this test. Tubes causing irrelevant signals because of moisture, soil, and like effects may be reconditioned and retested. Such tubes, when retested to the original test parameters, shall be considered to conform, if they do not cause output signals beyond the acceptable limits. Tubes causing irrelevant signals because of visible and identiable handling marks may be retested by the hydrostatic test prescribed in 14.1.2, or the pneumatic test prescribed in 14.1.3. Tubes meeting requirements of either test shall be considered to conform if the tube dimensions are within the prescribed limits, unless otherwise agreed to by the manufacturer and purchaser. 14.1.2 Hydrostatic Test Each tube shall stand, without showing evidence of leakage, an internal hydrostatic pressure sufcient to subject the material in the unenhanced region of the tube to a ber stress of 7000 psi, determined by the following equation for thin hollow cylinders under tension. The tube need not be tested at a hydrostatic pressure of over 1000 psi, unless so specied. P p 2St/(D 0.8t) where: P p hydrostatic pressure, psig t p thickness of tube wall, in. D p outside diameter of tube, in. Sp allowable ber stress of the material, psi 14.1.3 Pneumatic Test Each tube, after enhancing, shall be subjected to an internal air pressure of 250 psig minimum for 5 s without showing evidence

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PART B NONFERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS TABLE 5 DIAMETER TOLERANCES

Specied Dia., in. 0.500 and under Over 0.5000.740, incl Over 0.7401.000, incl Tolerance, in. 0.002 0.0025 0.003 Specied Outside Dia., in. Up to 8, incl Over 58
5

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TABLE 7 SQUARENESS OF CUT

Tolerance 0.010 in. 0.016 in./in. of diameter

TABLE 6 LENGTH TOLERANCES

Specied Length, ft Up to 20, incl Over 2030, incl Over 3060, incl Tolerance, All Plus, in.
1

16.

Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance

2 5 32 1 4

16.1 Roundness, straightness, uniformity of the wall thickness, and condition of inner and outer surfaces of the tube shall be such as to make it suitable for the intended application. Unless otherwise specied on the purchase order, the cut ends of the tubes shall be deburred by use of a rotating wire wheel or other suitable tool. 16.2 Annealed-temper or stress-relieved tubes shall be clean and smooth but may have a supercial, dull iridescent lm on both the inside and the outside surface. Drawn-temper tubes shall be clean and smooth, but may have a supercial lm of drawing lubricant on the surfaces.

of leakage, such as by having the tube under water or by the pressure-differential method. Any evidene of leakage shall be cause for rejection.

15.

Dimensions and Permissible Variations

15.1 Diameter The outside diameter of the unnned sections shall not vary by more than the amounts shown in Table 5, as measured by goand no-go ring gages. The diameter over the ns shall at no point exceed the diameter of the plain sections involved, as determined by a go ring gage unless otherwise specied. 15.2 Wall Thickness No tube at its thinnest point beneath the ns or in the plain section shall be less than the minimum thickness specied. 15.3 Length: 15.3.1 The length of the tubes shall not be less than that specied when measured at a temperature of 20C, but may exceed the specied value by the amounts given in Table 6. 15.3.2 The length of the unenhanced ends as measured from the tube end to the rst n disk impression shall be not less than that specied but may exceed the specied value by 14 in. 15.4 Squareness of Cut The departure from squareness of the end of any tube shall not exceed the values given in Table 7.
NOTE 6 For the purpose of determining conformance with the dimensional requirements prescribed in this specication, any measured value outside the specied limiting values for any dimension may be cause for rejection.

17.

Sampling

17.1 Sampling The lot size, portion size, and selection of sample pieces shall be as follows: 17.1.1 Lot Size 600 tubes or 10,000 lb or fraction of either, whichever constitutes the greater weight. 17.1.2 Portion Size Sample pieces from two individual lengths of nished product. 17.2 Samples taken for the purpose of the tests prescribed in the specication shall be selected in a manner that will represent correctly the material furnished and avoid needless destruction of nished material when samples representative of the material are available from other sources.

18.

Number of Tests and Retests

18.1 Chemical Analysis Samples for chemical analysis shall be taken in accordance with Method E 55. Drillings, milling, etc., shall be taken in approximately equal weight from each of the sample pieces selected in accordance with 17.1.2 and combined into one composite sample. The minimum weight of the
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SB-359

2001 SECTION II
Test Chemical analysis Grain Size Expansion (Pin Test) Mercurous Nitrate Tension ASTM Designation E 53, E 54, E 62, E 75, E 478 E 112 B 153 B 154 E8

composite sample that is divided into three equal parts shall be 150 g. 18.1.1 Instead of sampling in accordance with Method E 55, the manufacturer shall have the option of determining conformance to chemcial composition as follows: Conformance shall be determined by the manufacturer by analyzing smaples taken at the time the castings are poured or smaples taken from the semi-nished product. If the manufacturer determines the chemical composition of the material during the course of manufacture, he shall not be required to sample and analyze the nished product. The number of samples taken for determination of chemical composition shall be as follows: 18.1.1.1 When samples are taken at the time the castings are poured, at least one sample shall be taken for each group of castings poured simultaneously from the same source of molten metal. 18.1.1.2 When samples are taken from the seminished product, a sample shall be taken to represent each 10,000 lb or fraction thereof, except that not more than one sample shall be required per piece. 18.1.1.3 Due to the discontinuous nature of the processing of castings into wrought products, it is not practical to identify specic casting analysis with a specic quantity of nished material. 18.1.1.4 In the event that heat identication or traceability is required, the purchaser shall specify the details desired. 18.2 Other Tests For test specied in Sections 9 and 13 inclusive, specimens shall be taken from each of the pieces selected in accordance with 17.1. 18.3 If any test specimen representing a lot fails to conform to the requirements of Sections 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13, two additional specimens, at the option of the manufacturer, may be taken as before, and submitted for product analysis or subjected to any tests in which the original specimen failed, but each of these specimens shall conform to the requirements specied.

19.2 The surface of the test specimen for microscopical examination shall approximate a radial longitudinal section of the tube. 19.3 Tubes selected for test shall be subjected to the tension test which shall, in case of disagreement, be made in accordance with Methods E 8. Tension test specimens shall be of the full section of the tube and shall conform to the requirements of Section 4 of Methods E 8, unless the limitations of the testing machine preclude the use of such a specimen. Test specimens conforming to Type No. 1 of Fig. 13 of Methods E 8 may be used when a full-section specimen cannot be tested. 19.4 Whenever tension test results are obtained from both full-size and from machined specimens and they differ, the results obtained from full-sized test specimens shall be used to determine conformance to the specication requirements. 19.5 Tension test results on material covered by this specication are not seriously affected by variations in speed of testing. A considerable range of testing speed is permissible: however, the range of stressing to the yield strength should not exceed 100 ksi/min. Above the yield strength the movement per minute of the testing machine head under load should not exceed 0.5 in./in. of gage length (or distance between grips for full section specimens).

20.

Signicance of Numerical Limits

20.1 For purposes of determining compliance with the specied limits for requirements of the properties listed in the following table, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E 29.
Property Rounded Unit for Observed or Calculated Value Nearest unit in the last righthand place of gures Nearest ksi Nearest multiple of 0.005 mm

19.

Test Methods

Chemical composition Tensile strength Yield strength Grain size: Up to 0.055 mm, incl

19.1 The properties and chemical compositions enumerated in this specication shall, in case of disagreement, be determined in accordance with the following methods:
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PART B NONFERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

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21.

Inspection

23.

Certication

21.1 The manufacturer shall inspect and make necessary tests to verify that the tubes furnished conform to the requirements of this specication. 21.2 If in addition the purchaser elects to perform his own inspection, the manufacturer shall afford the inspector, without charge, all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the tubes are being furnished in accordance with this specication. All tests (except product analysis) and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specied, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere with the operation of the works. When automated nishing and inspection equipment is available at a facility, purchaser and supplier may by mutual agreement accomplish the nal inspection simultaneously.

23.1 The manufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser a certicate stating that each lot has been sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with this specication and has met the requirements.

24.

Mill Test Report

24.1 When specied on the purchaser order, the manufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser, a test report showing results of tests required by the specication.

25.

Packing, Marking, Shipping, and Preservation

22.

Rejection and Rehearing

22.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of this specication when inspected or tested by the purchaser or his agent may be rejected. Rejection should be reported to the manufacturer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the manufacturer or supplier may make claim for a rehearing.

25.1 The material shall be separated by size, composition, and temper, and prepared for shipment in such a manner as to ensure acceptance by common carrier for transportation at the lowest rate applicable and to afford protection from the normal hazards of transportation. 25.2 Each shipping unit shall be legibly marked with the purchase order number, metal or alloy designation, temper, size, shape, total length of piece count, or both, and name of supplier. The specication number shall be shown.

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