CH18 Toward a New Worldview Name______________________________________________________________________ Date____________ Per____________

1. Hobbes and Locke DISAGREED in their belief that [A] men are created equal [B] the natural state of men is one of war [C] men tend to follow their own selfinterest [D] men are often ruled by their passions [E] a governments power comes from the people 2. As a result of the Seven Years War, [A] Prussia was weakened [B] the French monarchy fell [C] Great Britain emerged as the dominate European power outside the European continent [D] Maria Theresa ascended to the throne of Austria [E] the Ottoman Turks were further weakened 3. Which of the following is NOT true of the War of the Austrian Succession? [A] Austria allied with Prussia to hold off French ambitions. [B] It began when Frederick the Great of Prussia challenged Maria Theresas right to ascend to the throne of Austria. [C] It was essentially fought to a standoff. [D] Maria Theresa was able to rally the Hungarians to her cause. [E] It violated the terms of the Pragmatic Sanction. 4. Which of the following presented the most radical challenge to the traditional ruling regimes of eighteenth-century Europe? [A] Hobbes notion that human nature requires a ruler with absolute power [B] Beccarias notion that the goal of a legal system should be the rehabilitation and reintegration of the criminal to society [C] Rousseaus notion that a lawful government must be continually responsible to the general will of the people [D] Lockes notion that humans are born tabula rasa [E] the concept of religious toleration 5. The seventeenth-century astronomer who first suggested that the planets orbits were ellipticl rather than circular was [A] Copernicus [C] Newton [E] Aristotle 6. Isaac Newtons Principia (1687) was a milestone is science because it [A] proved for the first time the validity of Copernicus heliocentric theory. [B] led directly to rising life expectancies among the upper middle class. [C] rejected the planetary laws established by Kepler. [D] demonstrated how the universe worked through exaplainable natural forces. [E] bridged disagreements that had alienated the Catholic church from the scientific community. 7. Francis Bacon is an important figure in the Scientific Revolution because he [A] expanded the theory of universal gravitation. [B] founded the first scientific society. [C] discovered how the human bodys circulatory system functions. [D] argued for empiricism and indeductive reasoning in analyzing the physical world. [E] pioneered the field of microbiology. [B] Galileo [D] Kepler 10. Whereas you...in the year 1615 were denounced to this Holy Office for holding as true the false doctrine taught by many, that the sun is the center of the world and immoveable, and that the earth moves, and is also with a diurnal motion...for having disciples to whom you taught the same doctrine; for holding correspondence with certain mathematicians for Germany concerning the same... 8. Which of the following is most closely associated with the advances in human anatomy during the sixteenth century? [A] Vesalius [C] Tycho Brahe [D] Robert Bakewell [E] Leonardo Bruni 9. Which of the following belief systems was represented by a secualr view of the universe? [A] Deism [C] Jansenism [E] Presbyterianism [B] Scholasticism [D] Skepticism [B] Pierre Bayle

The above quotation from a Catholic council to Galileo helps explain the
[A] formal acceptance by the Roman Catholic Church of Copernicus heliocentric theory [B] increased popularity of Aristotles view of the universe [C] growing interest inscience among Europes masses [D] New Item [E] increased domination of Protestant countries in scientific innovation [F] rising influence of Galileo within the highest levels of the Roman Catholic Church 11. Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late 18th century? [A] Prussia, Russia and Austria. [B] Sweden, Saxony, and Austria. [C] The Ottoman Empire, Russia, and Prussia. [D] Italy, Austria, and Russia. [E] Sweden, Prussia, and Russia.

12. The accomplishments of Frederick II included all of the following except [A] territorial expansion. [B] promotion of education. [C] economic improvements. [D] judicial and bureaucratic reform. [E] restructuring the Prussian social system. 13. According to the text, Catherine the Great changed course from support for enlightened reforms in Russia to shoring up the power of the Russian nobility following which of these events? [A] The American Revolution, beginning in 1775. [B] The Second Partition of Poland in 1793. [C] Publication of Diderots Encyclopedia in 1765. [D] The French Revolution (from 1789). [E] The Pugachev Rebellion of 1773. 14. In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke claimed that [A] sovereign authority rests in the hands of the people. [B] human development is determined by education and society. [C] people are born corrupt and society must reeducate them. [D] governments are formed by contracts among free individuals. [E] all people are born with certain ideas and ways of thinking. 15. All of the following are later Enlightenment philosophes except [A] David Hume. [B] Marquis de Condorcet. [C] Baron Paul dHolbach. [D] Madame du Chtelet. [E] Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

16. In his Spirit of Laws, Montesquieu argued for [A] enlightened absolutism. [B] popular sovereignty. [C] cultural relativism. [D] the separation of governmental powers. [E] direct democracy. 17. Which of the following people had the biggest impact on the philosophy and practices of Frederick the Great? [A] Marquis de Condorcet [B] Cardinal Richelieu [C] Voltaire [E] Louis St. Just 18. All of the following sought to rule as Enlightened monarchs EXCEPT [A] Frederick the Great [B] Napoleon I [D] Joseph II [E] Catherine the Great 19. Which of the following was an important spokesperson for the increased rights of women during the French Revolution? [A] Angela Merici [B] Madame de Pompadour [C] Olympe de Gouges [D] Catherine de Medicis [E] Christine de Pisan 20. The enlightened policies of Frederick II of Prussia included all of the following except [A] promoting schools. [B] abolition of the torture of prisoners. [C] freeing the Prussian serfs. [D] religious toleration. [E] permitting scholars wide latitude to publish what they wished. [C] Peter the Great [D] Abbe Sieyes