ABSTRACT: This is very much wonderful job to research upon certain topic i.e.

Causes of smoking habit among Silver Mountain Graduate Business School student. Actually it is great opportunity to present our skill and ability in such a challenging topic.
We (Mr. Mohammed Aslam, Mr. Anit Maharjan & Mr. Sundeep Gurung) really enjoyed the project that was assigned on the title:Causes of smoking habit among Silver Mountain Graduate

Business School student. We are really thankful to our subject teacher for supporting this challenging task to us. The survey was forwarded upon total students of silver mountain college i.e. 195 on which 139 are boys and 56 are girls. Among them 79 students does smoking which includes 50 boys and 29 girls. The survey was interesting and for collection of data we used various data sampling and prepared questionnaire. Moreover, we used various tools and techniques and primary data as well as primary and we went through general to specific research. This report generally, describes about the behavior of the students and how they influenced towards smoking. This also contains queries like, how they started smoking? From where they manage to get money for smoke? Advantage and disadvantage? Its causes and effects. All these quires are managerially answered and solutions too. Thus, this report makes people aware of smoking. Therefore, in order to accomplish this project we have used various tools and techniques. Furthermore, we also used the internet resources for secondary data. Table of Contents
ABSTRACT:........................................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 4 BACKGROUND: ............................................................................................................................... 5 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY: ............................................................................................................... 8 LIMITATION OF STUDY:................................................................................................................ 8 LITERATURE REVIEW: ...................................................................................................................... 9 METHODOLOGY: .............................................................................................................................. 14 RESEARCH DESIGN: ..................................................................................................................... 14 SOURCE OF DATA: ....................................................................................................................... 14 PRIMARY DATA: ....................................................................................................................... 14 SECONDARY DATA: ................................................................................................................. 14 THE SAMPLING PROCEDURE:.................................................................................................... 14 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF DATA COLLECTION: ............................................................. 15 QUESTIONAIRRE SURVEY:..................................................................................................... 15

KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW: ............................................................................................. 16 FIELD VISIT AND OBSERVATION: ........................................................................................ 16 FINDINGS AND DATA COLLECTION: ........................................................................................... 17 FINDING BASED ON CENSUS SAMPLING METHOD: ............................................................ 17 FINDING BASED ON RANDOM SAMPLING METHOD: .......................................................... 18 CONCLUSION: .................................................................................................................................... 24 I. II. APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................... 25 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................... 26

REFERENCES: .................................................................................................................................... 28

ABSTRACT: This is very much wonderful job to research upon certain topic i.e.Causes of smoking habit among Silver Mountain Graduate Business School student. Actually it is great opportunity to present our skill and ability in such a challenging topic.
We (Mr. Mohammed Aslam, Mr. Anit Maharjan & Mr. Sundeep Gurung) really enjoyed the project that was assigned on the title:Causes of smoking habit among Silver Mountain Graduate

Business School student. We are really thankful to our subject teacher for supporting this challenging task to us. The survey was forwarded upon total students of silver mountain college i.e. 195 on which 139 are boys and 56 are girls. Among them 79 students does smoking which includes 50 boys and 29 girls. The survey was interesting and for collection of data we used various data sampling and prepared questionnaire. Moreover, we used various tools and techniques and primary data as well as primary and we went through general to specific research. This report generally, describes about the behavior of the students and how they influenced towards smoking. This also contains queries like, how they started smoking? From where they manage to get money for smoke? Advantage and disadvantage? Its causes and effects. All these quires are managerially answered and solutions too. Thus, this report makes people aware of smoking. Therefore, in order to accomplish this project we have used various tools and techniques. Furthermore, we also used the internet resources for secondary data.

INTRODUCTION
WARNING: CIGARETTE SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

We always find this warning labeled on the cigarette packs. Instead of this cigarettes are being consumed. The use of tobacco as cigarettes is a phenomenon predominating the 21st century. Due to the large variety of diseases caused by smoking now it has taken a form of epidemic. The major diseases caused due to smoking are cardio vascular diseases, respiratory diseases, atherosclerosis or narrowing of arteries, lung cancer and cancer of oral cavity etc. The smokers are 3 to 4 times more prone to heart diseases than non smokers and 90% lung cancer deaths are due to smoking. The present scenario of health and social risks due to smoking is a challenge in the 21st century. Unless it is not managed properly and in time it will become an uncontrollable behavior leading to long term health and social problems all over the world. We thought can we introduce a cigarette in a market which is non-injurious to health means a cigarette which do not result in any type of health hazard to the students as students are the future of our nation. Thus we found it very genuine to conduct a survey among the students of different colleges including smokers and non-smokers in order to study various aspects of cigarette smoking habits. Cigarette smoking, as it exists in the world today, is a most remarkable phenomenon. It is a habit of the most widespread proportions, and a product of the 21st century. Today, cigarette smoking has ramifications in almost every area of knowledge - in politics, economics, psychiatry, psychology, sociology, anthropology, pharmacology and pathology. It is strange that people should go to such lengths to burn and then inhale some vegetable matter. We must find out what is rewarding about it. Furthermore, the rates of college students smoking have fluctuated for the past twenty years. Majority of lifelong smokers begin smoking habits before the age of 24, which makes the college years a crucial time in the study of cigarette consumption. Cigarette smoking on college campuses has become an important public health

issue and there has been increase in campus wide smoking bans and other preventative programs to reduce the rates of students smoking. BACKGROUND: We know that youth are curious and have an attitude of experimentation. Many youth in Nepal are spoilt in smoking as they want to explore things that they see or are told about by their friends. Many of the youth smoke to be "smart" -- believing what they are shown in the movies and advertisements. Another reason from which the youth are spoilt in cigarette is that they have lack of proper guidance and an unhealthy circle of friends. The parents who are very busy give their children unnecessarily money as they think that money can occupy the space for love, giving them time, understanding their feelings, etc. As these youth are tortured mentally, they go for smoking as they want relaxation and experiment with smoking as nobody says anything about smoking. The bad friends circle also tempts young people to go for cigarette smoking. Here in Nepal, cigarette smoking is a social custom and tradition. Even though cigarette advertisements have been banned, the youth cigarette smokers are increasing day by day. The main reason behind this is that cigarette companies also sponsor concerts, sport events, sport figures, and even dance parties where the youth are present. At these events caps, t-shirts, and other items with brand logos and colors are displayed and given away, and are very popular. As 3 million people die of cigarette smoking each year, 70% of which are from developing countries, it is really necessary to minimize cigarette smoking. Studies indicate that 80% of the lung cancer is caused by cigarette smoking and as cigarette smoking is often the precursor to drugs there are many NGOs, individual and government efforts working against it. Governments are seriously making campaigns to stop cigarette smoking by the media but the urban youth who are targeted are interested in foreign channels. Government has also kept information and effect of cigarette smoking in the curriculum but the teachers themselves smoke in the school compound which influences the students beliefs. Government has not yet banned smoking in public places. I believe that the cigarette companies also should pay tax on the public health. The rate of smokers increasing also indicates that 7-10 million people will die by the year 2020. In our country the people who smoke arrive in the hospital when they have an advanced stage of cancer, not in the preliminary round of cancer. So the death rate by cigarette smoking is high in Nepal. We believe that parents should also guide young people to a good path.

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY: Apart from a learning objective, to know how a survey is being done, the analysis of the data is carried out the major objectives of this survey can be summed up as: 1. To find out the background of smokers (Students). 2. To assess monthly expenditure on smoking. 3. To find out the most vulnerable age of smoking. 4. To investigate the prevalence of smoking among students attending institutions of higher learning in Silver Mountain Graduate Business School 5. To investigate the prevalence of tobacco use and the psychosocial determinants of this behavior amongst the students. 6. To determine if there are any differences in the knowledge of the health hazards of smoking among the students on the basis of the institution of learning and the course of study. 7. To determine the attitude of the students towards government antismoking legislation. LIMITATION OF STUDY: As this survey was conducted in the presence of researchers and also it is just the fulfillment project for the partial BBA degree, it has got various limitations: This report might not be as efficient as it seems. This report is prepared in limited areas research and in limited time and with limited number of samples. Data may not be accurate due to the presence of observant The conclusion and estimates might not be in the generalized but the inferences might be valid to some extent like in other colleges as well.

LITERATURE REVIEW: Literature review is basically a stock taking work of available literature. So, it provides required depth of knowledge for conducting research. The purpose of literature review is thus to find out what principles are established and research studies have been conducted in the field of study, and what remains to be done. (Wolf and Pant; 1999: 30) To make meaningful research study, the conceptual review has been done through the study of various books and articles. In addition, researches conducted by the previous researchers in the field of financial performance have also been reviewed by studying their research work, thesis, dissertation etc.
SMOKING HABITS OF STUDENTS A SURVEY by: Mr. Pancholi Kunal at M. S. Patel Institute of Management Studies, Faculty of Management Studies, M. S. University of Baroda for SMOKING HABITS OF STUDENTS.
The major findings of the study were: 1. 2. 3. About 39 out of 100 students who smokers are the Regular Smokers. Mr. John Abraham is the favorite icon for students who smoke. Around 54% percent the students who smoke buy their own cigarette and around 30% share their cigarette from friends. 4. 5. A majority of students get more than Rs.1000 as their pocket money per month. Most of the students who smoke spend their 20% of their pocket money on cigarette and on other tobacco products. 6. Most of the students adopt cigarette in the company of friends and their pressure later it become an addiction. 7. 8. 9. More than 60% students think that the smokers dont have any advantage over non -smokers. More than 35% students think that smoking once started cant be quit. Most of the students start smoking at the age of 16 on an average.

THE DETERMINANTS OF SMOKING BEHAVIOR AMONG TEENAGERS IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA Conduct by Santi Martni and Muji Sulistyowati Contrary to what would be expected from existing data for Indonesian adults, a Surprisingly high percentages of female students in this sample were current smokers. Women have begun to smoke in other nations as they have modernized and women have sought more independence compared to their traditional roles in society. When other variables (e.g., pocket money) were included in multivariate analyses, gender was no longer

statistically significantly associated with the probability of smoking, indicating that teenage girls are just as likely to smoke as boys, other things being equal. Most ever smokers had their first cigarette between 10 and 17 years of age, with age 15 years being the most common age of initiation. In general, todays Indonesian youth may be adopting smoking earlier than in the past, perhaps as a way of presenting themselves as more modern and part of a global youth culture, promoted through music, music videos, movies, fashion, etc. It would be important for tobacco control efforts to try to break the link between smoking and modernity. Developing countries might seek to avoid the pitfalls experienced by those further along in the development and modernization processes. While it is impossible to alter some factors that appear to encourage people to smoke, others can be addressed. For instance, the smoking rate was higher among students who did not live in a family that included parents, and there is little to be done about this social factor. But, as mentioned above and with other examples below, tobacco control counter measures can potentially have an effect. Any measure that promotes the idea that smoking is not the norm might discourage youth smoking. Predisposing factors While there are other predisposing factors, we focused on the knowledge of the health risks associated with smoking. This knowledge was present but uneven among the Indonesian students. Rather than focus on the health risks faced by long-term smokers, it might be more important for tobacco control practitioners to address the health risks of smoking to younger people, such as women during pregnancy and of environmental tobacco smoke to nonsmokers, particularly babies and children. Such information might increase the number of students with a high knowledge of the adverse health consequences of smoking. Also, it would be important to educate students about the danger of nicotine addiction and the difficulty of quitting smoking. Many probably think that they could quit smoking before the long-term health effects would endanger their personal health. The belief that smoking is harmful personally even if one exercises and is otherwise healthy appeared to be associated with reduced smoking prevalence. Public health messages emphasizing this theme might deter youth smoking.

Enabling factors Smoking prevalence was lower among those who did not think that cigarettes were very easy to get. In general, smokers said that cigarettes were affordable and readily attainable. While instituting and enforcing access-to-minor laws may not be practical, there are other steps that might reduce the accessibility and affordability of cigarettes. Many smokers bought cigarettes, and many also obtained them from others, including peers and family. Siblings and other household members were more likely to be a source than parents. Letting people know that facilitating youth smoking by giving them cigarettes is not doing them a favor might be a message to counteract social sources. Another emphasis that might be practical is limiting access during the school day. If no one, including teachers, other staff, and visitors, was allowed to smoke or bring cigarettes onto the school campus, social sources should decline. This would also set an expectation and could help lead to a change in the perception (norm) that smoking is acceptable. Currently, there was not much of an association between saying that smoking was not allowed in schools and smoking prevalence, but if smoke-free schools were universal and adequately enforced, this might change. This action would explicitly and clearly indicate that smoking is not acceptable, especially if accompanied by measures to make other public spaces where adults spent time together (all workplaces, transportation, etc) smoke-free as well. Another obvious step would be to sell cigarettes only by the pack. Many smokers bought single cigarettes, and found smoking easily affordable. Having to pay the price for an entire pack at once might deter smoking. Increasing the price of cigarettes significantly through taxation is another obvious measure that has proven effective in many countries. Reinforcing factors Our results indicate that students with smokers in the household were more likely to smoke. It could be argued that family smoking is a predisposing factor (children may think that if their parents smoke, then smoking is acceptable), an enabling factor (others in the household are a ready source of cigarettes), and a reinforcing factor (students may smoke socially with other family members). Only tobacco control measures that discourage and reduce adult smoking prevalence will reduce the number of households with smokers and thus the perception that smoking is the norm. However, parents attitudes about youth smoking appear to be a deterrent. Enlisting parents in the fight against youth smoking may be an effective strategy. Even parents who smoke, but emphatically express the wish that they did not smoke (and that

it is very difficult to quit) and that their children should not smoke, may make a difference. Currently, having friends or teachers who smoke and the perceived norms of these groups regarding smoking do not appear to be associated with youth smoking, perhaps because smoking is so pervasive. As mentioned above, a completely smoke-free school environment may make a difference. If smoking is observed less, it will be perceived as less acceptable and less normal and be less of a fixture in the social environment. Social norms against smoking, particularly among peers, need to be increased. While some non-smoking students perceived smoking as socially helpful, these views were much more prevalent among smokers. Smokers were also more likely to perceive a personal benefit (increased concentration, better grades, etc). Whether these beliefs led to smoking or were a result of smoking cannot be addressed with cross-sectional data. In this study, those who perceived smokers as attractive were particularly likely to be smokers. Images of beautiful, healthy people in social settings are pervasive advertising themes. While youth can learn of benefits of smoking from smokers, banning cigarette advertising is a powerful way to undermine the (erroneous) associations of smoking with glamour, beauty etc. that is a key message of cigarette advertising. Results will likely be limited unless a complete ban on advertising is mandated cross country research shows that weak or partial advertising bans are ineffectual (World Bank, 1999). At the very least, however, tobacco advertising should be banned anywhere near schools and in teen magazines (smoking prevalence was higher among those who saw cigarette advertisements very often in teen magazines). And all advertising should be required by law to carry large, prominent, specific health education messages about the risks of smoking and benefits of quitting. Independent factors associated with current smoking Counteracting the belief that smoking is not harmful if one exercises or is otherwise strong and healthy should be a public health priority. Another priority would be emphasizing the reasons not to smoke to counteract the perceive reasons for smoking. Endorsing a high number of reasons to smoke appeared to eclipse having a high number of health concerns about smoking. Reversing this balance might help reduce smoking. Parents who give the impression to their teens that smoking would get them into serious trouble also appear to deter smoking. This perception needs to be broadened to include other role models (teachers), and also peers. As long as smoking is perceived as the norm in a society, it will be difficult to dissuade youth from smoking. Adults need to set an example. The idea that smoking is an

adult behavior is one of the powerful motivators for young people to smoke in order to appear or feel older and more mature, and can only be undermined when most adults do not smoke themselves. Limitations This study has the same limitations inherent in any school survey. The Surabaya youth survey was cross-sectional and smoking status is by self-report. Further, some students may not have understood some of the questions. In the present study, translation problems may have led to some confusion as to the definition of current smokers. In the future, when designing similar surveys, it would be important to ask additional questions to verify or cross check the validity of responses. Asking for more details on frequency of smoking would be important for validating responses and estimating monthly cigarette consumption.

METHODOLOGY: RESEARCH DESIGN: The study will be carried out on the basis of survey research, moreover a questionnaire based research. It cannot be fully called a survey research as we just took the information of smoking and non-smoking students of the entire college but we didnt take the information regarding the cause of their smoking in Silver Mountain Graduate Business School, so it is mostly based on questionnaire based research. This research will be performed at the premises of Silver Mountain Graduate Business School, Lainchaur, Kathmandu and will be conducted only among the students of Silver Mountain. The research will be done to find out the reasons for smoking in Silver Mountain and the factors that influences them to smoke inside the college premises.

SOURCE OF DATA: In order to prepare this report of primary and secondary data was collected. PRIMARY DATA: Interview questionnaire and general questionnaire within the premises of Silver Mountain Graduate Business School was used for the collection of data. SECONDARY DATA: Various internet sites regarding smoking in colleges and smoking among students was used as reference. Text book of Psychology was also used for the collection of secondary data.

THE SAMPLING PROCEDURE: In any research, data should be collected either by census method or sampling method. In this research we are going to choose both census as well as take a sample through a simple random sampling method. First census method will be used for finding out total number students in Silver Mountain Graduate Business School and the number of boys and girls who smoke.

On the basis of Census Sampling: Silver Mountain Graduate Business School Total Number of Students Admitted From 2008-2011 Students Male Female Total No of students 139 56 195

Total Number of smokers and non-smokers in SMBGS who are in age group in between 19-24 from sample data

Similarly, simple random sampling method will be done among the smokers in order to find out the causes and reasons for smoking in Silver Mountain and by this random sampling method each individual of the smokers has an equal probability of being included. We have randomly selected 10 smokers whose sampling is shown below:

On the basis of Random Sampling Method: Silver Mountain Graduate Business School Students Male Female Total No of students 5 5 10

TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF DATA COLLECTION: The tools and techniques that will be used for primary data collection will be structured questionnaire, semi or unstructured interviews and observations. And to collect the secondary data the articles through internet will be used. QUESTIONAIRRE SURVEY: Structured questionnaire will be used to generate the realistic data for the preparation of report . The respondents will be requested to answer the questions given on the questionnaire as well as simple chit will be provided to all the students of the college to find out total smokers within the college.

KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW: The primary data will also be collected from key informants using the semi or unstructured interview method. The interview will be taken for the research. The respondent will be interviewed on the impact of smoking in college, awareness of smoking in college, attitude towards smoking in college. FIELD VISIT AND OBSERVATION: In order to conduct the research on basis of consensus method we will be visiting the classes in the Silver Mountain Graduate Business School personally and later we will also be visiting all the individuals of the sample personally to collect the primary data.

FINDINGS AND DATA COLLECTION:

FINDING BASED ON CENSUS SAMPLING METHOD: Silver Mountain Graduate Business School Total Number of Students Admitted From 2006-2011

No of students
Students No of students Male Female Total 139 56 195
71% 29% male female

Total Number of smokers and non-smokers in SMBGS who are in age group in between 19-24 from sample data

No. of Smokers
Smokers No of Students Male Female Total 59 20 79
37% 50% 13% male 50% female other

Non-smokers
Non-smokers No of students Male Female Total 57 59 116
25% 50% 25% male female others

FINDING BASED ON RANDOM SAMPLING METHOD: How often do you smoke? This question is the very basic question on which the research is based. The question is placed on the first position so as the respondent comes to know subject of study at the very inception. The options are: The options are: 1. Regularly - This means 5 or more cigarettes every day. 2. Occasionally - This implies specific occasion on different days of a week of different days of month. For ex. 5 times in a month 3. Sometimes - These respondents are the starters and have taken only one or two puffs sometime. 4. No - This option is for those who dont smoke.

Days you smoke

everyday sometimes 10% 20% 70% ocassionally

At What Age You Started Smoking? This question is only valid for smokers only. The question ask respondent about the age at which they started smoking. By this we can conclude the most vulnerable age for starting smoking. The data will be useful in finding correlation with other smoking habits also. Following chart shows the various responses to the question:

AGE OF STARTING SMOKING

14 12 no of smokers 10 8 6 4 2 0 No of somokers 12 1 13 1 14 5 15 5 16 13 17 2 18 10 19 4 20 1 23 1

Who sponsors for your cigarettes? This question is about how people get cigarette. And also is related with the market dimension of the study. The question is asked to check the responses in relation to many other cigarette consuming habits. For Ex: How many regular smokers buy cigarettes or borrow from friends or other options. The options are: 1. Myself from job 2. Dad 3. Mom 4. Ask money from parents by cheating 5. Siblings 6. Others 7. Pals

Getting cigrates
myself by job ask from parents by cheating 11% 22% 34% 22% pals others mom

11%

What do you think what makes people start smoking? This question directly asks about the different reasons because of which the students start smoking. This question can also be correlated with many other questions such as age, favorite hero. Expenditure etc. The Options are: 1. Friends Those who are smokers and have picked this option are definitely influenced by their friends 2. Celebrities - Those who are smokers and have picked this option are definitely influenced by the celebrities. 3. Depression - Those who are smokers and have picked this option are definitely influenced by bad incidents and failures. 4. To be Stylish These people are definitely are influenced by style factor to start smoking.

factor to start

30%

friends depression 60% to be stylish

10%

What do you think is there any advantage that smokers have on nonsmokers? This question is an indirect question to find to is there any advantage smoker enjoys over nonsmokers. Also to find out the correlation between this and what people think of smokers when they see them smoking. The Options are: 1. Attractive & Have more girlfriend 2. Can influence 3. No Advantage 4. Relief from pressure

Image of smokers over Non-smokers

10% 10% no advantage Attaractive and have more G/F &B/F relief from presesure

80%

What do you think at what times people feel smoking the most? This question directly asked about the specific time on which smokers feel like smoking the most. The responses can be used to find out the correlation between options of do you smoke and this question. For Ex: How many occasionally smokers have chosen no specific time or special occasion option in this question. The options are: 1. In Tension 2. Special Occasion 3. To Avoid Loneliness 4. After Having Food 5. No specific time

Ocassion to smoke
20% 40%

After having food To avoid lonliness No specific time

30% 10%

In tension

What do you think people once started smoking can quit it easily? It is a direct question to know the personal opinion of the respondents that is it possible for smokers to quit smoking or not. It may be also possible for them to leaves for a time period or they tried but failed.

The options are: 1. Yes 2. Tries but fails 3. Leaves for a time period 4. Cant Quit

Quit of not to quit smoke

20% leaves for time period 20% 60% tries but fails yes

When you see someone smoking what do you think of him? This question is an indirect question to know the perception of the respondent when they see somebody smoking. Also helps in knowing indirectly what to smokers think of themselves smoking. The options are: 1. More confident 2. Stupid 3. Successful 4. Cool-Dude 5. No Opinion

How other feels about smoker

No option Stupid

28%

72%

If a kind of a cigarette comes which is not injurious to health but gives you a reasonable level of satisfaction would you use it? This is the main question related to the hypothesis testing. Through this question we want to know the market feasibility of the cigarette which is non-injurious to health and give a reasonable level of satisfaction. If the respondent chose the YES option means they are wiling to try the hypnotized cigarette and if NO means not willing to.
Will YOU use ne w non harmful one ?

35% Yes NO 65%

How old are you? This is the personal question about the age of the respondent.

Age split of re spndants

10% 18%

20%

Les s than 18 18 - 20 20 - 22 22 - 24 More than 24

23%

29%

CONCLUSION:
Smoking is injurious to health , this is known facts so the statement is made and will be

made in future too. It is very wonderful experiment to do survey on Causes of smoking in Silver Mountain College. Actually, it was not easy to do experiment on something and you take interview, its really tough job. However we started survey and got great experience. Silver Mountain Graduate Business School is smoke free zone, students are allowed to smoke in rest room break but it doesnt mean they are completely allowed to smoke whenever they want. All around 195 students on which 139 are boys and 56 are girls. Among them 79 students does smoking which includes 50 boys and 29 girls. The survey was interesting and for collection of data we used various data sampling and prepared questionnaire. Moreover, we used various tools and techniques and primary data as well as primary and we went through general to specific research. According to the survey done in Silver Mountain College. Many students manage to smoke through friends and by lying their mother or parents. The next fact is, they started to smoking due to depression too, they do smoking. Thus, the main root of smoking is flow of tradition, friends, westernization, fashion, cinemas and many more. Moreover they also have stated in a day they smoke 2-10 times. This is really tough and hardship though its the fact that smoking is injurious for health. Nonetheless, to the statement, "no one likes a smoker," 67 % disagreed. Only 17% agreed and 16% were uncertain. Similarly, when asked whether "smoking is unattractive," 69% agreed while 21% disagreed and 10% were uncertain. As to how people feel about smokers, to the statement, "I would not date or marry a smoker," 41% agreed although 39% disagreed and 20% were uncertain. Some people are concerned about the personal and social effects of smoking. To the statement, "smoking is socially acceptable", 44% agreed while 35% disagreed; 21% were undecided. Some people are concerned with the implications of smoking. For example, to the statement, "people think less of you if you smoke," 43% disagreed; only 30% agreed and 27% were undecided. Hence, over all study shows that students are also willing to be away from this injurious matter but the environment and situation have made them to repeat again and again, they are not restricted to stop smoking in the college rather it seems they are encouraged by providing the toilet as smoking zone. According to us, the toilets used as smoking zone in the college should also be made smoke-free zone to stop smoking in college.

I.

APPENDIX

FOR CENSUS METHOD:

II.

APPENDIX

For Random Sampling Method:

Questionnaire on Causes of Smoking Habits among SMGBS Students I. II. III. What is your sex? What is your age? a. Male b. Female ..

How often do you smoke? a) Sometimes b) Once a week d) Once to three times a month e) Everyday Other.

c) Occasionally f) IV.

How many times do you smoke a day? a) 1-3 times c) 4-6 times

b) More than 7 times V. How many cigarettes do you smoke per day, when you smoke? no. of cigarettes VI. VII. VIII. How old were you when you started? (Approximate age).. Why did you start? . How did your first cigarette feel? . IX. What benefits do you get out of smoking? .... X. XI. XII. When do you have your first cigarette of the day? ........................................ How much money do you spend on smoking cigarettes? Rs Who sponsors for your cigarettes? a) Dad b) Mom c) Siblings d) Pals XIII. How did you get into smoking? a) From elders b) From celebrities XIV. c) d) From friends From parents e) f) g) Myself from Job Ask money from parents by cheating others

Have you ever given up before? How did you do it, and for how long?

.. XV. Why did you start again? XVI. As a non-smoker, what will you be able to do that you cannot right now? .. XVII. Apart from you, who will be most pleased you are a non-smoker? .. XVIII. What do you think what makes people start smoking? a) Friends b) To be Stylish XIX. c) d) Celebrities Depression

What do you think is there any advantage that smokers have on nonsmokers? a) Attractive & have more Girlfriends/Boyfriends b) Can Influence others easily c) No Advantage

XX.

What do you think at what times people feel smoking the most? d) Special Occasion e) After having food

a) In Tension b) To avoid Loneliness c) No Specific Time XXI.

What do you think people once started smoking can quit it easily? a) Yes b) leaves for time period c) Tries but fails d) Cant quit

XXII.

When you see someone smoking what do you think of him? a) More Confident b) Cool-Dude c) No Opinion d) Stupid e) Successful

XXIII.

If a kind of a cigarette comes which is not injurious to health but gives you a reasonable? a) Yes b) No

XXIV.

Current Tobacco Act prohibition from smoking in public places including colleges in Nepal, how do you think that YOU will be affected by it or not?

REFERENCES: Onadeko BO, Awotedu AA, Onadeko MO. Smoking patterns in students of higher institutions of learning in Nigeria. Afr J Med Sci 1987;16:9-11. Smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses United States, 20002004, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , vol. 57, no. 45, pp. 1226 1228, 2008. Passive smoking and children. Royal College of Physicians, London, 2010 (pdf) Jackson, C & Dickinson, D. Cigarette consumption during childhood and persistence of smoking through adolescence. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158: 1050-1056 12 Fidler, JA et al Vulnerability to smoking after trying a single cigarette can lie dormant for three years or more. Tobacco control 2006; 15: 205-209 experimentation? J Health Economics 2001; 20: 261 270 School-based interventions to prevent the uptake of smoking among children. NICE, March 2010 Colleges students' attitudes toward smoking _ College Student Journal _ Find Articles at BNET.html Smoking Influences On College Students _ LIVESTRONG.COM.html