Literature Review

Introduction A motorized lift table is a device functions to lower and raise goods or/and person which usually are used to raise heavy and large distance relatively for small distance. Typically, a motorized lift table operated by using scissor mechanism which is can contract and retract. Lift table is ergonomics to the user when they can adjust it to the desired height when operated. (Lift table, n.d.).The application for lift table can be found mainly in automotive industry, patient bed, heavy industry and many more. History Starting 1950s, hydraulic scissor lifting tables became the most used design by the manufacturer of automotive industries. By starting with simple design, the lift table has undergo invention from time to time until now. Table 1 retrieved from (heckert-engineering) company can briefly describe how the invention evolved. Year 1950 Description hydraulic scissor lifting tables became the most used design "hydraulic system has won the race" 1980 1st ball screw tables appear to fulfill the new requirements "keep the level" "no oil" 1985 new skillet systems as conveyor lines appear : "development of ball screw tables" 1990 1st push chain appears, in France only - constant speed - chain with much wear and tear - a high torque geared reduced forces in lifting system - speed is not constant - large amount of bearings constant level - no oil - complicated design - high forces in the lifting system Picture Advantages Simple design Disadvantages - needs oil -piston sealing needs maintenance - no constant level

search for a better solution than ball screw constant speed 1994 1st ball screw table with cam "constant speed" - constant speed - less power required - small geared motor 1999 1st timing belt table "low maintenance" - constant speed - low maintenance - less power required 2001 1st flat belt table - constant speed - low maintenance - less power required

motor is necessary

ball screw needs maintenance - high inner forces because of cantilever situation

-high inner load because of cantilever situation

-high inner load because of cantilever situation

2002

1st spiral lifter "mechanical driven cylinder"

constant speed - direct carried load

- at least 2 cylinders necessary to stabilize the platform

2002

different solutions in flat belt design

none

-no constant speed - more power required - safety against breakage < 6

2003

advanced flat belt table additional deflection pulley

constant speed - low maintenance None

at scissor leg

- less power required - low inner forces - safety against breakage > 8

2003

different solutions in flat belt design

none

no constant speed - more power required - safety against breakage < 6

2004

advanced push chain table

advanced chain with reduced wear out Table 1

- at least 2 chains necessary to stabilize the platform

Principle of Operation
Scissor Mechanism According to (Germany Patent No. 5,694,864, 1997), a scissor mechanism is device used to extend or retracted position a platform by mechanical means. In scissor mechanism having two scissor arm which pivotally linked each other. The term scissor come from the mechanism used which is with construct linked, folding in a cross X pattern. The displacement achieves by applying force to one of the support arm. The support arm mounted on slider joint is then roll horizontally resulting an elongation of the crossing pattern. Usually the arm is attached with its coupler with the shaft and bearings. The shaft is attached along with driving member like motor and hydraulic. The shaft functions to transmit power and move the two members of scissor in parallel so that the platform can be elevated or lower evenly. (Patent No. 6679479, 2004)

Base Chassis Most small lifting device are not attached to the ground and therefore they are portable. This means that chassis or base are needed to support the lifting mechanism. The chassis can be as simple as a base or foot mounted to one end of the lifting device as seen. Common mounting base is designed

larger footprint to make lifting device more stable and reduce its ground pressure. To allow for movement simple wheels are commonly engaged along with chassis. (Alex Gibbs) Caster wheels are commonly used in situations where manoeuvrability and durability are priorities. A caster wheel is a wheel that pivots around an axis that is off set to the wheels contact point with the ground, this allows the wheel to track straight when pushed in a straight line however it can still pivot freely when a lateral force is applied . (Patent No. 383787, 1994) Belt and Pulley System A pulley is a wheel work usually with belt to support belt movement along the circumference. Pulleys are used in a variety of ways to lift loads, apply forces, and to transmit power. Meanwhile, belt and pulley system is characterised by two or more pulleys in common to a belt. This allows for mechanical power, torque, and speed to be transmitted across axles. A belt drive is analogous to that of a chain drive, however a belt sheave may be smooth (devoid of discrete interlocking members as would be found on a chain sprocket, spur gear, or timing belt) so that the mechanical advantage is approximately given by the ratio of the pitch diameter of the sheaves only, not fixed exactly by the ratio of teeth as with gears and The example of uses of belt pulley is in agricultural tractors in the early 1950s .It had limited use as the tractor and equipment being powered needed to be stationary. It has thus been replaced by other mechanisms, such as power take-off and hydraulics. (Pulley, n.d.) References Alex Gibbs, R. H. (n.d.). Belly Pan Jack. Saluki Engineering Company. heckert-engineering. (n.d.). A Brief History of Scissors Lifting Tables Used In Automotive Industries. etrieved ecember 1 , 1 , from www.heckertengineering.com fileadmin rief istory T.pdf Langewellpott, E. (1997, December 9). Germany Patent No. 5,694,864. Lift table. (n.d.). Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_table Pulley. (n.d.). Retrieved December 14, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulley U., F. (1994, Feb 1). Patent No. 383787. Watkins, D. (2004, January 20). Patent No. 6679479.