COURSE WORK ON MARINE DIESEL ENGINE Module Name: Marine Design and Technology Module Code: 5070ENG ISSUE

DATE: 04/11/13 SUBMISION DATE: 29/11/13

Ella David Inalewgu Student ID: 670432

Q1.0: using the solid works drawing that you produced during semester 1 design week, describe the operation of a fuel injector filted on a medium marine diesel engine. Introduction Fuel injector is a vital part of diesel engine as it provides fuel in a good condition for combustion to take place at the right time. Fuel injector consists of two main parts, the nozzle and the body. The fuel is measure by means of timing the delivery and the atomisation of the fuel.

Operation of fuel injection

Figure1

NB: The diagrams using the solid works to draw the fuel injector system are yet to be completed From the diagram above, when fuel enters and moves down in a surrounding in a body at a very high pressure and then travels down into a nozzles passage and finally goes down into a passage in a needle valve, there is a vertical spindle that is spring loaded which holds the needle valve on a mitred seat with a pressure of about 140bar will lift the nozzle when the preset pressure reaches its value, before it will allow the fuel to be injected into the cylinder. When the fuel pressure acting on the needle as to overcome the compression spring, the needle valve will open and the fuel will then flows into the lower chamber and forced out through a series of small holes in the nozzle to form a fine spray in engine combustion chamber. As the timing valve cuts

off the fuel supply, the needle valve will shut immediately under the spring compression force. Reference; D.A Taylor(1996) Introduction to Marine Engineering Reverse second edition Reed Educational and professional publishing 0 7506 2530 9 R.S. Khurmin,J.K. Gupta(1978) Thermal engineering First EditionR.S.Khurmi & J.K Gupta 81-219-25738 H D McGeorge(1995) Marine Auxiliary Machinery 7th Edition ButterWorth-heinemann 0 7506 1842 4 http://www.brighthubengineering.com/marine-enginesmachinery/53000-how-steering-gears-work-on-ships/ http://www.machineryspaces.com/fuel-injector.html

Q2: Rotary vane steering gear: Introduction Steering gear allows the rudder to moves as it receives respond from the bridge. The whole system comprise of three parts, power unit, control equipment and transmission of rudder stock. It works when ship is moving and not when it is stationary. Most of the ships are provided with steering gear, an auxiliary steering gear. All modern ship uses a steering gear system which is fully electrical, hydraulic and electro-hydraulic.

Figure2

Construction of rotary vane steering gear: From figure2 above, Rotary vane steering gear system are made up of two parts, the rotor and the stator. The rotor is the moving part and is key to the ruder stock. The rotor has vane that is projected radially outwards into the surrounding that is formed by the stator vanes. The stator (static part) is of

cylindrical casing, it has three internal vanes that is projected radially inwards. Steel sealing trips are filted on the moving faces. A relief valve is filted to prevent excess pressure from the system. The vanes are made up cast iron which is secure to the iron rotor and stator. The strength of the rotor depends on the key filted full length of the rotary vane. it also has compact actuator inside a close housing . The two anchor bolts which are held in a fixed bracket with runner stockabsorbing sleeves prevent the rotation of the gear. The outer bolts are of cast iron bushes which prevent wear from the steering flange. When the oil manifold grooves have been machined, is then the bottom and stator flanges will be welded. Reference http://www.brighthubengineering.com/marine-enginesmachinery/53000-how-steering-gears-work-on-ships/ http://alsafeenah.com/Uploads/CategoriesDetail/13c1e04d-c2cb-4da3b358-37df4c619376.pdf H D McGeorge(1991) General Engineering Knowledge Third Edition Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd 0 7506 00063 H D McGeorge(1995) Marine Auxiliary Machinery 7th Edition ButterWorth-heinemann 0 7506 1842 4

figure3

Operation of rotary vane steering gear:

From figure3 above, in the rotary steering gear the rotor moves in a housing that are attached to the ships structure. There are chamber which are formed between the vanes on the rotor and the vane in the housing, this chamber are connected to the separate pipe system on either side of the moving vanes. The rudder stock turn anti-clockwise (i.e. the rudder will turn to starboard) when hydraulic fluid is supply to the left of the moving vane and drawing fluid from the entire chamber on the right. it turn clockwise(i.e. the rudder will turn to port side) if pressure and suction are reverse. Angular movement of 70degree (that is 35degree in each direction) are usually permitted by three vanes. Delivery pump supplied the hydraulic fluid and is control by electrical. Reference http://alsafeenah.com/Uploads/CategoriesDetail/13c1e04d-c2cb-4da3b358-37df4c619376.pdf A.Tayor(1996) Introduction to Marine Engineering Reverse second edition Reed Educational and professional publishing 0 7506 2530 9 H D McGeorge(1995) Marine Auxiliary Machinery 7th Edition ButterWorth-heinemann 0 7506 1842 4

Q 3.0 in no more than a couple of paragraphs for each, explain the function of the following maritime organisations;
International maritime organisation(IMO) Classification societies(such as Lloyds Register of Shipping) Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA)

FUNCTION OF INTERNATIONAL MARITINE ORGANISATION (IMO)

Is the United Nations agency which ensures safety and security of shipping, and prevention of marine pollution. IMO has about 170 member state and three associate member, is also specialise agency of unite nation. The IMO's primary responsibility is to improve and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping and its law today includes safety, environmental concerns, legal matters, technical co-operation, maritime security and the efficiency of shipping.IMO have administration, inspector and a team of survey to inspect and monitor the ship that does not comply with the rules. Reference : http://www.imo.org/About/Pages/Default.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization http://www.gobookee.org/get_book.php?u=aHR0cDovL3BvbW9yY2kuY29tL0V kdWthY2lqYS84MC0xMDAvQmFzaWNzJTIwb2YlMjBQb3J0JTIwU3RhdGUlMjBD b250cm9sJTIwKFBTQykucGRmCldoYXQgaXMgUFNDPyAtIFNhanQgemEgUE9NT 1JDRSBJIE5BVVRJxIxBUkU=

FUNTION OF CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES

This is an organisation responsible for maintenance of technical standards for construction and operation of ships and offshore structures. The society ensures that any ship build will be according to the standard. Classification society has technical rules, which make sure that design and calculation meet th standard, survey vessel to make sure they continue to meet the rules, surveying of ship and structure during the construction and also commissioning.

Reference;
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/classification_ society

Port state control

This is the inspection carrying out on a foreign ship into a national ports to confirm that the ship coming a country is in a good condition, has good

equipment and comply with the international regulation requirement and also manned and operated in compliance with the rules.example;solas,STCW e.t.c. The role of of Maritime Coastguard Agency(MCA) is to ensure high standards of safety at sea, minimising loss of life amongst seafarers, responding to maritime emergency 24hours a day and protect the environment by minimising pollution from ships. Some flag state are sailing in an unsafe condition therefore putting the lives and marine environment at risk, port state control set standard for inspection procedure and design ,that this standard must meet the requirement before designing a ship. Reference; http://www www.dft.gov.uk/mca/1._role_of_mca-4.pdf .imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Implementation/Pages/PortStateControl.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_State_Control http://www.gobookee.org/get_book.php?u=aHR0cDovL3BvbW9yY2kuY29tL0V kdWthY2lqYS84MC0xMDAvQmFzaWNzJTIwb2YlMjBQb3J0JTIwU3RhdGUlMjBD b250cm9sJTIwKFBTQykucGRmCldoYXQgaXMgUFNDPyAtIFNhanQgemEgUE9NT 1JDRSBJIE5BVVRJxIxBUkU=