RESEARCH PROJECT

STUDY ON DAYLIGHTING FOR REDUCING ENERGYCONSUMPTION IN HOSPITALS.

LABEEBA K B090319AR S9 B ARCH DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

AIM OF THE RESEARCH To find out the extend of energy saving possible in hospitals in hot humid climate through day lighting by maintaining the required healing environment through a case study of a government hospital.

1. RELEVANCE OF THE RESEARCH

Lighting is one of the largest energy consumers in hospitals. Various studies have shown that some 20% of the total energy consumption in a hospital is accounted for by the lighting installation. Hardly any other application area demands such complex lighting solutions as health and care facilities, where an extremely wide range of requirements have to be met in order to create perfect conditions High energy usage by artificial lighting is a serious issue in present times due to percentage it contributes to the carbon dioxide emissions. The percent is comparable to the emissions from light duty vehicles even. .Hence, as day lighting in certain areas can reduce this; different strategies of day lighting should be thought of. After centuries of painstakingly and ingeniously manipulating our buildings to suit the vagaries of natural light ,we find paradoxically that we have very little aptitude for manipulating our new wealth of artificial light. Hence we should keep it to the minimum and bring in more nature to the buildings. Government hospitals in India due to poor day lighting and artificial design find it difficult to provide patients with a good healing environment due to the booming energy consumption. In india more than .60% of people(lower and middle income families) depend on the government hospitals too.Hence,from the national perspective too it is important to have a research in to various strategies that can be adopted to make a government hospital energy efficient and patient friendly. However, it is easy to calculate that, on a national scale, this consumption reduction can be very important and participate in a significant way, to the CO2 emission reduction. For many years, a great number of studies dealing with the reduction of energy consumption in buildings have already been done. However, the impressive progress that have been done in the electronic field these last years open new prospects in the field of lighting energy savings. Some of the literature studies that have been done are by (1)M Bodart Global energy savings in offices buildings by the use of daylighting. Daylighting design: enhancing energy efficiency and visual quality by K Steemers(2), Daylight saving time transitions and hospital treatments due to accidents or manic episodes by T A Lahiti (3).

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH PROGRAMME

a. To establish through comparative case study(IMCH) ,the percentage of energy consumption contributed by lighting sector in a typical government hospital in south india. To compare the energy consumption value to other few hospital standards worldwide. b. to verify if the lighting management as a function of the daylighting has an influence on the building global consumption, under kerala hot humid climate environment. c. To formulate the various work elements whose manipulation can result in a lower energy consumption. d. Study about and compile the various daylight design strategies for the work elements already listed down and analyses their efficiency from data collection and case study which includes. -site planning strategies for passive day lighting -day lighting in wards -interior open spaces. -active day lighting strategies -sunlight protection devices. e. To make a simulation model that applies the abouve work elements or strategies in the spaces of the case study.to calculate the reduced energy consumption after this measure.

3.WORKPLAN
A.METHODOLOGY 1. Importance of lighting in hospitals and factors affecting energy consumption(through case study) 1.1 energy consumption in various spaces 1.2 factors effecting energy consumption 2.influence of day lighting on global consumption general study 2.1In other occupancies 2.2 can they be applied in healthcare sector as well 3. Space lighting requirements in various spaces 3.1 standards -quantity 3.2 healing standards-qualitative 4.spaces where day lighting can be employed

4.1 active and passive day lighting through case study 4.2 application in different hospital spaces A.Waiting areas B.Circulation spaces C.Open atrias D.Wards E.Icu 4.3 innovative strategies for day lighting -literature Energy or economy consumption in day lighting protection devices 6. CONCLUSIONS OF A INTEGRATED lighting scenario for a pediatric ward.

B. ORGANIZATION OF WORK ELEMENTS Various work elements or influential factors are identified in the first part of the methodology through the case study in IMCH ,Calicut medical college campus. This requires the use of various scientific equipments and computer simulations. The varios factors identified will be - the glazing luminous transmission coefficient, - the faade configuration, - the opening orientation - the room width. -the wall reflection coefficients -site planning of spaces -humidity and temperature in study area. Out of these ,those that are easier to be applied on an existing building are given special importance,with minimum modifications to the existing structure. The site zoning of spaces are given less importance as in an urban context it will be very difficult,and hospitals look for functional importance rather than other factors.

METHODOLOGY CHART

C. WORK BREAKDOWN AND TIME SCHEDULE

It changes according to the different activity in the research process Act. 1-this involves identifying a suitable case study.this can be done only through visiting a few hospitals surfing about it etc,let us assume IMCH ,CALICUT MEDICAL COLLEGE is considered as the case study.once identified ,we should make sure that the permissions drawings etc will be provided. This process can take a period of 1-1.5 week maximum. Act 2.This is an activity that should be done simultaneously with act.1 or even way before activity 1.It involves procurement of books ,journals,internet surfing.Then,collecting analyzing and compiling data . This can go for a long period of time ,hence should be started well before the case study.-1 month max.

Act 3 .This process is the most hectic one.Before starting this activity care should be taken to hire personnels for survey, procure the equipments required(lux meters etc for measuring lighting intensity). As the case study hospital(imch) is of remarkable size and shape,no:of personnels required: Surveyors-3 Draftsman-1 Equipment personnel-2 Lux meters required -3 Time required with these many resourses are- 2 weeks. For survey,measurement and compiling data. -1 week for analysis Act 5.Once the survey is the analysis compiles the percentage of energy consumption .This is done by the researcher himself .Once the percentage is obtained it is correlated with other studies done and compiled. Time schedule -1 week Act 4. Time schedule-1 week Act 5. Simulation model of the spaces to be prepared. Equipments required-a computer,softwares and a personnel knowing the softwareTime schedule-2 weeks to 1 month Act 6-energy consumption reduction value from the simulated model-2 days. Total time till validation-4 months Act 7-sent the simulation model and findings for validation .-2 years-5 years. Act 8 I will not be able to estimate the time period-it might take years to decades to be implemented in a government hospital project in kerala.

C. STUDY AREA
My study area only concerns with government hospitals ,not private hospitals as energy efficiency and cost reduction is very important in their case as they are subsidized centers and requires a cost reduction in services to channel the money to other important aspects such as good health services. It is limited to hospitals in hot humid climate, basically in south India, because it will be difficult to study in entire India because of the variation in daylight hours at all places.

4.APPROXIMATE BUDGET No: of personnel:7 -14,000 Computer -20000 Softwares-2000 Literature books-4000 Travel expenses -1000 Publishing in journal expenses-4000 Conference expenses-2500

5. DELIVERABLES EXPECTED Existing condition mapping of the case study in drawings ,charts etc for lighting energy consumption. Existing percentage energy consumption and comparison with other hospital standards. A simulated model of case study with the proposed strategies Energy consumption reduced values from the simulation model.

6. METHODS OF DISSEMINATION AND SCOPE Conducting seminars for IMA or indian public health mission Conducting conferences Publishing papers in journals on building serviceseg.el sevier Conducting programmes and studies to students within the case study hospital .

7. ABSTRACT OF RESEARCH PROJECT. The objective of the work was to evaluate the methods and impacts of lighting energy savings on global energy consumption in hospital buildings in hot humid climate through case studies done. This evaluation comes from an integrated approach combining the day lighting and the thermal aspects. The study presented here is based on simulation results. Several faade configurations have been modeled, for the four main orientations and three combinations of internal wall reflection coefficients. These simulations were performed by coupling a daylighting simulation tool (ADELINE) and a dynamic thermal simulation software (TRNSYS). These simulations allows me to determine the main parameters playing a rule on

lighting consumption. I learned that daylighting can reduce artificial lighting consumption from certain percentage . The global primary energy saving coming not only from the reduction of the lighting consumption but also from the reduction of lighting internal loads could then reach 40%, for a type of glazing usually used in hospital buildings. Research in daylighting of hospitals focuses on increasing how much natural light we can use in imch, so as to decrease energy consumption for lighting, heating and cooling, improve comfort and well-being, generate aesthetical value, and provide a connection to the outside. Simulation based tools have been used for getting to the final result.