Module 4

Configuring EIGRP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

4-1

Objectives
Upon completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe EIGRP features and operation Explain how EIGRP discovers, chooses, and maintains routes

Explain how EIGRP supports the use of VLSM

Explain how EIGRP operates in an NBMA environment Explain how EIGRP supports the use of route summarization
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-2

Objectives (cont.)
Describe how EIGRP supports large networks
Configure EIGRP Verify EIGRP operation

Configure an EIGRP environment and verify proper operation (within described guidelines) of your routers, given a set of network requirements
Configure EIGRP in an NBMA environment and verify proper operation (within described guidelines) of your routers, given a set of network requirements
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-3

EIGRP Overview

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

4-4

What Is EIGRP?
IP Routing Protocols
AppleTalk Routing Protocol

IP Routing Protocols Enhanced IGRP

AppleTalk Routing Protocol

IPX Routing Protocols

IPX Routing Protocols

EIGRP supports:
Rapid convergence Reduced bandwidth usage Multiple network-layer protocols
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-5

EIGRP Features

Advanced distance vector

100% loop free

Fast convergence Easy configuration Less network design constraints than OSPF

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-6

EIGRP Features (cont.)

Incremental updates Supports VLSM and discontiguous networks Classless routing Compatible with existing IGRP networks Protocol independent (supports IPX and AppleTalk)

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-7

Advantages of EIGRP
Multicast instead of broadcast Use of link bandwidth and delay EIGRP metric = IGRP metric x 256 (32 bit versus 24 bit) Unequal cost path load balancing More flexible than OSPF

Manual summarization can be done in any interface at any router within the network

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-8

EIGRP in IP Packets
88EIGRP 6TCP 17UDP
Frame Payload

Frame Header

IP Header

Protocol Number

Packet Payload

C R C

EIGRP is an advanced distance vector routing protocol:

Automatically establishes neighbor relationships with peer devices Relies on IP packets for delivery of routing information
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-9

EIGRP Support for Different Topologies

D
A

Rest of the Core

B

S0
C

Frame Relay

S1

EIGRP supports
Multiaccess (LANs) Point-to-point (HDLC)

NBMA (Frame Relay)

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-10

EIGRP Support for IP Addresses

/16
D

World /24

/30

/27

EIGRP supports:
VLSMs Hierarchical designs
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-11

EIGRP Support for Route Summarization

172.16.0.0 /24 192.168.42.0 /27 10.0.0.0 /18

172.16.0.0 /16

172.16.0.0 /16 192.168.42.0 /24

EIGRP performs route summarization

Classful network boundaries (default)
Arbitrary network boundaries (manual)
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-12

EIGRP Terminology
Neighbor TableAppleTalk NeighborNext Table IPX Destination Hop Neighbor Table IP Destination Next Hop Router Next-Hop Router Interface Router

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-13

EIGRP Terminology (cont.)

Neighbor TableAppleTalk NeighborNext Table IPX Destination Hop Neighbor Table IP Destination Next Hop Router Next-Hop Router Interface Router Topology TableAppleTalk Destination 1 Next Router 1/Cost Topology Table IPX Destination Topology1Table Router IP 1/Cost Destination 1Next Next Router 1/Cost Destination Destination 11 Next Router 1/Cost

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-14

EIGRP Terminology (cont.)

Neighbor TableAppleTalk NeighborNext Table IPX Destination Hop Neighbor Table IP Destination Next Hop Router Next-Hop Router Interface Router Topology TableAppleTalk Destination 1 Next Router 1/Cost Topology Table IPX Destination Topology1Table Router IP 1/Cost Destination 1Next Next Router 1/Cost Destination Destination 11 Next Router 1/Cost Routing TableAppleTalk Routing Table IPX Destination 1 Next Router X Routing Table Router IP Destination Next Router Destination 11 Next XX Destination Destination 11 Next Router X
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-15

EIGRP Terminology (cont.)

Neighbor TableAppleTalk NeighborNext Table IPX Destination Hop Neighbor Table IP Destination Next Hop Router Next-Hop Router Interface Router Topology TableAppleTalk Destination 1 Next Router 1/Cost Topology Table IPX Destination Topology1Table Router IP 1/Cost Destination 1Next Next Router 1/Cost Destination Successor Destination 11 Next Router 1/Cost Routing TableAppleTalk Routing Table IPX Destination 1 Next Router X Routing Table Router IP Destination Next Router Destination 11 Next XX Destination Successor Destination 11 Next Router X
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-16

EIGRP Terminology (cont.)

Neighbor TableAppleTalk NeighborNext Table IPX Destination Hop Neighbor Table IP Destination Next Hop Router Next-Hop Router Interface Router Topology TableAppleTalk Destination 1 Next Router 1/Cost Topology Table IPX Destination Topology1Table Router IP 1/Cost Destination 1Next Next Router 1/Cost Destination Successor Destination 11 Next Router 1/Cost Destination 1 Feasible Successor Routing TableAppleTalk Routing Table IPX Destination 1 Next Router X Routing Table Router IP Destination Next Router Destination 11 Next XX Destination Successor Destination 11 Next Router X
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-17

EIGRP Operation

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

4-18

EIGRP Packets

Hello: Establish neighbor relationships

Update: Send routing updates

Query: Ask neighbors about routing information Reply: Response to query about routing information ACK: Acknowledgment of a reliable packet

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-19

EIGRP Neighbor Relationship

Two routers become neighbors when they see each others hello packet Hello address = 224.0.0.10 Hellos sent once every 5 seconds on the following links: Broadcast media: Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI Point-to-point serial links: PPP, HDLC, point-to-point Frame Relay/ATM subinterfaces Multipoint circuits with bandwidth greater than T1: ISDN PRI, SMDS, Frame Relay
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-20

EIGRP Neighbor Relationship (cont.)

Hellos sent once every 60 seconds on the following links: Multipointcircuits with bandwidth less than or equal to T1: ISDN BRI, Frame Relay, SMDS, and so on Neighbor declared dead when no EIGRP packets are received within hold interval Hold time by default is three times the hello time

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-21

EIGRP Neighbor Relationship (cont.)

EIGRP will form neighbors even though hello time and hold time dont match EIGRP sources hello packets from primary address of the interface

EIGRP will not form neighbor if K-values are mismatched

EIGRP will not form neighbor if AS numbers are mismatched

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-22

What Is in a Neighbor Table?

p2r2

p2r2#show ip eigrp neighbors IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 400 H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num 1 172.68.2.2 To0 13 02:15:30 8 200 0 9 0 172.68.16.2 Se1 10 02:38:29 29 200 0 6

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-23

EIGRP Reliability
EIGRP reliable packets are packets that require explicit acknowledgment: Update Query Reply EIGRP unreliable packets are packets that do not require explicit acknowledgment: Hello ACK
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-24

Initial Route Discovery

A 1
Hello

B
I am router A, who is on the link?

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-25

Initial Route Discovery (cont.)

A 1
Hello

B
I am router A, who is on the link?

Here is my complete routing information. Update

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-26

Initial Route Discovery (cont.)

A 1
Hello

B
I am router A, who is on the link?

Here is my complete routing information. Update

Ack

Thanks for the information!

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-27

Initial Route Discovery (cont.)

A 1
Hello

B
I am router A, who is on the link?

Here is my complete routing information. Update

4
Topology Table

Ack

Thanks for the information!

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-28

Initial Route Discovery (cont.)

A 1
Hello

B
I am router A, who is on the link?

Here is my complete routing information. Update

4
Topology Table

3 5

Ack

Thanks for the information!

Update Here is my complete route information.

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-29

Initial Route Discovery (cont.)

A 1
Hello

B
I am router A, who is on the link?

Here is my complete routing information. Update

4
Topology Table

3 5

Ack

Thanks for the information!

Update Here is my complete route information.

Thanks for the information!

Ack

Converged
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-30

EIGRP Route Selection

IP
A B

IP T1 19.2 T1 AppleTalk IPX

AppleTalk

IPX T1
C
D

EIGRP uses a composite metric to pick the best path

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-31

EIGRP Metrics Calculation

Metric = [K1 x BW + (K2 x BW) / (256 load) + K3 x delay] x [K5 / (reliability + K4)] By default: K1 = 1, K2 = 0, K3 = 1, K4 = 0, K5 = 0 Delay is sum of all the delays of the links along the paths Delay = [Delay in 10s of microseconds] x 256 BW = the lowest bandwidth of the links along the paths BW = [10000000 / (bandwidth in Kbps)] x 256 By default, metric = BW + delay

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-32

DUAL Example (Start)

(a) C (a) EIGRP via B via D via E FD AD 3 3 1 4 2 4 3 Topology (fd) (Successor) (fs)

A (1) (1) B (2) D

D EIGRP (a) via B via C

FD AD 2 2 1 5 3

Topology (fd) (Successor)

(2)
(1) C

(1) E EIGRP (a) via D via C FD AD 3 3 2 4 3 Topology (fd) (Successor)

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-33

Configuring EIGRP

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

4-34

Configuring EIGRP for IP

AS = 109
192.168.1.0
T0

10.4.0.0 Token
Ring

172.16.6.0
E

172.16.7.0
S1
A

172.16.5.0

10.1.0.0
S0
B

172.16.2.0
S2
D

172.16.1.0 172.16.3.0

10.2.0.0

Token Ring

172.16.4.0

router eigrp 109 network 10.0.0.0 network 172.16.0.0

Network 192.168.0.0 is not configured on Router A because it is not directly connected to Router A
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. BSCI v1.24-35

Configuring Summarization
(config-router)#

no auto-summary

Turns off autosummarization for the EIGRP process

(config-if)#

ip summary-address eigrp [as-number] [address] [mask]

Creates a summary address to be generated by this interface

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-36

EIGRP Load Balancing

Routes with metric equal to the minimum metric will be installed in the routing table (equal-cost load balancing) Up to six entries in the routing table for the same destination Number of entries is configurable Default is four

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-37

EIGRP Unequal-Cost Load Balancing

EIGRP offers unequal-cost load balancing variance command

Variance allows the router to include routes with a metric smaller than multiplier times the minimum metric route to that destination
Multiplier is the number specified by the variance command

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

BSCI v1.24-38