GB - AF - POP - 04 - C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software-68

GB_AF_POP_04_C1 ZTE GSM-BSS After-Sales Competency Certification Training Manual 04
GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software
Curriculum Objective:
Master the principle, performance, structure, purpose and usage of GSM radio network planning and optimization tools and software, including GPS, compass, distance measurement equipment, TEMS drive test scanning tools, SiteMaster, frequency analyzer.
Contents
1 GPS Navigator............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Principle of GPS Navigator............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 GPS12C Performance Indicator ........................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Introduction of GPS12C Performance Panel Buttons ....................................................................... 3 1.4 GPS 12C Operation Instruction ........................................................................................................ 4 1.4.1 Start, Illumination, Power off................................................................................................. 4 1.4.2 Automatic Locating................................................................................................................ 4 1.4.3 Locating and Navigation Operation ....................................................................................... 4 1.4.4 Navigating by route................................................................................................................ 6 1.5 Precautions ........................................................................................................................................ 7 1.5.1 GPS Usage ............................................................................................................................. 7 1.5.2 The reason of difference during locating e-map and how to reduce it ................................... 7 1.5.3 Suggestions for difference about BS data .............................................................................. 7 2 Compass ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 Compass Principle............................................................................................................................. 1 2.2 DQY-1 Compass Structure and its Performance ............................................................................... 2 2.2.1 Performance Indicator............................................................................................................ 2 2.2.2 Basic Structure ....................................................................................................................... 2 2.3 Operation Instruction ........................................................................................................................ 4 2.4 Precautions ........................................................................................................................................ 6 3 Sagem Test-Purpose MS ............................................................................................................................ 7 3.1 Introduction of Sagem Test-Purpose MS .......................................................................................... 7 3.2 Demands of Test Environment .......................................................................................................... 8
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3.2.1 Hardware Configuration .........................................................................................................8 3.2.2 Software Configuration...........................................................................................................9 3.3 Menu and Test Method ......................................................................................................................9 3.4 Test Result Records .........................................................................................................................11 4 Sitemaster Usage.......................................................................................................................................15 4.1 Basic Introduction............................................................................................................................15 4.1.1 Appearance and Function......................................................................................................15 4.1.2 Performance Indicator...........................................................................................................16 4.1.3 Panel and Interfaces..............................................................................................................17 4.2 Operation Instruction .......................................................................................................................19 4.2.1 Feeder Cable and Antenna Measurement .............................................................................19 4.2.2 Spectrum Analysis ................................................................................................................23 4.2.3 Power Survey........................................................................................................................25 4.3 Precautions.......................................................................................................................................26 5 Agilent E4402 Spectrum Analyzer...........................................................................................................27 5.1 Basic Introduction............................................................................................................................27 5.2 Operation Instructions .....................................................................................................................28 5.3 Precautions.......................................................................................................................................30 6 TEMS Investion GSM 2.0.1 .....................................................................................................................31 6.1 Software Environment .....................................................................................................................31 6.1.1 Hardware Architecture..........................................................................................................31 6.1.2 Software Environment ..........................................................................................................31 6.2 Operation Flow ................................................................................................................................31 6.2.1 Start and exit .........................................................................................................................31 6.2.2 Parameter Setting..................................................................................................................32 6.2.3 Dialing test............................................................................................................................43
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6.2.4 Scanning Test ....................................................................................................................... 44 6.2.5 Frequency Locking Test ....................................................................................................... 49 6.2.6 Data replay ........................................................................................................................... 50 6.3 Application Cases............................................................................................................................ 50 6.3.1 Ping-pong Handover ............................................................................................................ 50 6.3.2 Handoff Coverage ................................................................................................................ 51 6.3.3 HIgh call drop ...................................................................................................................... 53
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1 GPS Navigator
Knowledge points This chapter describes the basic principle and usage of GPS navigator, using handhold GPS12C/12XLC navigator as an example.
1.1 Principle of GPS Navigator

GPS (global positioning system) was researched by USA in 1970s, produced in 1994. It is a new generation satellite navigation and positioning system with omni-directional & real-time 3D navigation and positioning capability in sea, land, and air. This system is composed of spatial constellation, land monitoring system, and user system. With its precise and quick positioning capability, this system is extensively used in land measurement, geological monitoring, watercraft & airplane navigation, and forest fireproof. As a positioning and navigation tool, it is necessary during network planning, survey, and drive test. This chapter describes the basic principle and usage of GPS, using handhold GPS12C/12XLC made by GARMIN Company as an example. Front view of handhold GPS 12C is as shown in Figure1.1-1.
Figure1.1-1
Front view of handhold GPS 12C
Handhold GPS navigator is extensively used due to its advantages of flexible, quick response, high precision, easy operating, its positioning principle is: 24 satellites are
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GB_AF_POP_04_C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software
evenly distributed on 6 track surfaces through the earths core, these satellites send satellite positioning information to ground in real-time and round-the-clock. User receiver can realtimely calculate 3D position of the receiver, movement speed, and time information based on received positioning information. So we can reach the purpose of global, round-the-clock, continually precise 3D positioning and navigation. GPS receiver collects different satellite ephemerides, measures pseudo-distance, positions the latitude & longitude and its elevation for the receiver by phase tracking & capturing and locking satellite signal. To capture 3 satellites can implement 2D positioning, to capture more than 4 satellites can implement 3D positioning, more satellites captured, higher precision positioning.
1.2 GPS12C Performance Indicator

1 Receiving performance: Receiver: 12 channels in parallel Positioning time: warm start 15s, cold start 45s, automatic positioning 2 min. Data update rate: 1s/time, continually update Positioning precision: 15m (free SA) RMS GPS precision: 1-3 m (differential positioning) RMS Interface: NMEA0183, RTCM104 standard clause Antenna: internal (12XLC, can be external) Waterproof performance: 1PX7 (1m under water, no water access within 30 minutes) 2 Navigation performance: Navigation points: 500, nearest 9 points are intuitionistic Navigation track: 1024, with returning capability along navigation track, record the track in real-time Navigation course: can save 20 courses, each courses include 30 navigation points Coordinate system: 107, input custom coordinates (can input 54 coordinates to modify parameters)
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1 GPS Navigator
Area calculation: a function to automatically calculate area
3 Physical indices: Size: 5.3cm*14.7cm*3.1cm Weight: 269g (including battery) Display: LED monitor (5.6cm*3.8cm) Temperature: -15 - +70 Celsius degree
4 Power supply: Power supply: 4AA battery or 5-8VDC (GPS12C); 8-35VDC (GPS12XLC) Power consumption: 0. 75W Lithium battery: 10 years available built-in lithium battery Battery lifecycle: 12 hours
5 Secondary function: Exchange data with computer through interface, to do save and edit job; expand application scope to use it easily after selecting antenna and data cable.
1.3 Introduction of GPS12C Performance Panel Buttons

1. Power Supply key, used to switch on/off and control the strength of level 3 screen background light. 2. Page down (multi-pages key), used to display various primary screen or secondary screen to return homepage circularly in sequence. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Input, used to activate highlight parts and confirm menu options and input data. Exit, used to display previous page or restore the value in selected data area. Flag (small flag), press this key to mark current position as a navigation point. Navigate, used to directly driving to certain navigation point. Up, Down, Left, Right key, used to move the cursor to up, down, left or right, Up and Down key also can be used to select number and alphabet. 8. Navigate, input by navigation, and record under emergent case.
1.4 GPS 12C Operation Instruction

1.4.1 Start, Illumination, Power off
1 Switch on: hold and enable horizontal surface of internal antenna facing the heaven. Boot screen displays after pressing lamp key for 1 second. Next, receiving status (captured by satellite) screen displays. 2 Brightness adjustment: press the lamp key for a while to adjust the background light of screen, which is used at night or dark atmosphere. 3 Switch off: press the lamp key for 3 seconds till the display disappears.
1.4.2 Automatic Locating

When receiving more than three satellites, satellite status figure will access to locating screen. The first row in locating screen is direction ruler, the angle between the direction and north. The second row is numeric representation of direction and speed, the direction has the same meaning as the first row, with different representation method. Direction and speed only can be used while receiver is moving, representing the direction and speed for current movement. The third row is voyage and altitude, and the voyage is equivalent to milemeter. Altitude is effective while 3D locating. Relative altitude for two different points can be measured by altitude. The fourth row is north latitude and east longitude for current receiver. The last row is current GPS time.
1.4.3 Locating and Navigation Operation

1. Steps to establish route point and record current position by Flag (small flag) key. (1) After locating, press small flag key to access to position marking screen; (2) Get average by locating at single point. Use Up/Down key to move cursor to the average position, and the average color is reversed. After pressing input key, GPS begins do average till number at error position is fixed or reaches expected value; (this step is optional) (3) Press Up/Down key to move cursor to point name, press Input key to access to
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1 GPS Navigator
input status. Use Up/Down key to input required code, which is composed of number and alphabet; (4) After pressing input key, the cursor is moved to store position, and press Input key to confirm it; (5) Remained row in marking position screen is additional route, in which you can input route name, that is, you can add this route. 2. Navigation operation, do navigation by navigation screen.
(1) Press Navigate key to route point screen; (2) Use Up/Down/Left/Right key to select the target route point number or name; (3) After pressing input key to confirm, GPS will automatically change to navigation screen, and calculate existing azimuth angle and passed mileage parameters. 3. Begin navigation
(1) Press Page Down key several times till compass or highway displays, press Input key to show select menu. By Up/Down key to select one from compass and highway, reverse its color, and press Input key to access to this screen; (2) In compass screen, right upper is route point name in the navigation direction, middle is compass, the arrow represents deviation angle. If arrow directs to right upper, it indicates no angle deviation. Other information includes azimuth, distance, direction, and speed. (3) In highway screen, direction is above azimuth, voyage, speed, and content. 4. Navigate by track screen, press one or more Page Down key, track screen displays. (1) Whole screen scale, press Right key to move the cursor to left upper corner of the screen, press Input key to select it. Press Up/Down key to adjust screen scale, and press Input to confirm after adjustment; (2) Move screen, Press Up/Down/Left/Right key to move the screen, and press Exit to quit from the screen. 5. Remove route points
(1) Press Page Down key to display main menu;

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(2) Press Up/Down cursor to route point menu; (3) Press Input key to display route point screen; (4) Press Up/Down key to select the route point to be removed, and press Input key, select menu displays, press Up/Down key to remove it, press Input key to show Query screen, press Up/Down key to select Yes, and press Input key to remove this route point. There is the option to remove all route points at the last row of Route point screen. Select the option to remove all route points. 6. Measure the distance and azimuth between two points. There are the nearest route points in setup page, including the current distance and azimuth of saved route points in the page. Using navigation function, you can measure the distance and azimuth from current point to navigation point in ream-time.
1.4.4 Navigating by route

(1) Establish various points along the route (same as above), and you also can directly refer to original established route points; (2) Press Page Down key to function setting main menu, move cursor on route, press Input key to route screen; (3) Stay cursor on route number, press Input key to select route number. Press Up/Down key to select route number 0~19; (4) Press Input key to confirm, and cursor will be automatically moved to next row. Input route number after press Input key. Press Up/Down/Left/Right key to input route point, and press Input key to confirm after input is complete; (5) After inputting all route points by above mentioned methods, you can configure the direction of route at the bottom row and can clear this route. Positive direction represents to start from the first route point, shipping in positive order; (6) Route modification. Route modification includes clear, modify, add, and delete route. In route screen, you shall first select the route number to be modified, and then press Up/Down key to select the route point to be modified, press Input key to the screen to be modified, press Up/Down key to select modification mode, press Input key to confirm it.
1 GPS Navigator
1.5 Precautions
1.5.1 GPS Usage
1. GPS need 3 satellites to locate it. The signal cant be stable until you wait for a while after locating. In general, the waiting time shall be 10 minutes after measuring a base station, and you can open GPS before next measurement point. Thus, GPS can quickly locate it while measuring next point; 2. 3. Select WGS84 while GPS measuring projection mode; Measured reading number shall be in the unit of degree, such as longitude 119, 44690; latitude 35, 42317 4. Do your best to close to planned site position during measurement. You cant measure the latitude and longitude away from planned site position, because the data error is too large, no any meaning. Measurement personnel shall enhance responsibility, if necessary, you can do measurement at building top. If longitude and latitude cant be measured at planned site, you can directly add base stations at e-map based on position, to avoid larger errors.
1.5.2 The reason of difference during locating e-map and how to reduce it
1. Accuracy issue of e-map: current e-map accuracy includes 5m, 20m, 50m, 100m, etc. 2. Error during GPS measurement: GPS measurement error is related with satellite signal received during locating, the error to use GPS currently can be 5m at least. For the reading number with error on GPS, the error shall be kept within 10m for reading number. If this error requirement cant be reached, the reading number of error shall be recorded; 3. If measurement point is not consistent with actual planning point, it must be avoided during actual engineering; 4. In addition, many errors may occur while inputting, if error exceeds 100m, it may be wrong input value, please check it.
1.5.3 Suggestions for difference about BS data

After importing base station data, check whether base station position is consistent with actual one, if inconsistent, you can process it by following methods:
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1.
If there are field surveyors, they shall check whether the data is correct, move the position on e-map depending on records, drag it to proper position (labeled by manually);
2. 3.
Re-measure longitude and latitude; If some cant measure longitude and latitude for base station, it is recommended to do measurement during actual BS installation, to correct planned sites.
2 Compass
Knowledge points In this chapter, geological compass is used as a compass to explain its basic principle and usage.
2.1 Compass Principle

Normally, compass is named as magnetic needle, an instrument to measure magnetic azimuth in the direction of straight line. Its principle is to use a magnetic object (that is, magnetic needle) to indicate the feature with certain direction for magnetic meridian, in conjunction with readings on scale loop, you can determine the target direction relative to magnetic meridian. Based on two selected points (or existing measurement points), you can measure another unknown target position. Compass has simple structure, easy to use. Normally, it is used to measurement with low accuracy. This chapter will consider DQY-1 geological compass as an example to explain its principle and usage. This compass is produced by Harbin Optical Instrument Factory, main purposes as follows: Measure direction, slope, and angle Measure landform: including azimuth (that is, intersection at fixed point), measure slope and angle, and determine horizontal level Measure vertical angle During network planning & optimization jobs, it is mainly used during site survey and antenna azimuth measurement. DQY-1 compass is shown as Figure2.1-1.
Figure2.1-1
DQY-1 compass
2.2 DQY-1 Compass Structure and its Performance

2.2.1 Performance Indicator
1 Damping time for magnetic needle is 30~60s (the time for magnetic needle from 90 degree deflexed to original position). 2 Readings error Angle error indicated before or after rotation of magnetic needle 0.5
Error caused by eccentricity at 0-180 degree and 90-270 degree for magnetic needle 0.5 0.5
Readings error for angle meter
3 Flexibility of water level Long water level is 15' 3'/2mm Circular water level is 30' 5'/2mm
4 Instrument outline dimension (L X W X H) 85 x 73 x 35 mm 5 Instrument weight =< 0.27kg
2.2.2 Basic Structure

Circular DQY-1 compass is composed of magnetic needle, scale, slope meter, alidade, and water level installed within a cooper, aluminum, or wood circular basin, as shown in Figure 2.2-1.
Compass
1. Reflector 5. Vertical scale
2. alidade 6. Vertical scale indicator
3. Magnetic needle 7. Vertical water level 12. Glass cover
4. Horizontal scale 8. Chassis water level 13. Circular basin for compass
9. Fixed bolt for magnetic needle 10. Thimble 11. Lever
Figure 2.2-1
DQY-1 Compass Structure
1 Magnetic needle Normally, it is prism steel needle with wide middle and sharp at both sides, mounted on thimble at the center of chassis. It can freely rotate, and brake bolt shall be tightened during idle, raise the magnetic needle and cover it on the glass to avoid magnetic cap collided with the needle tip to protect the tip of thimble and extend compass usage time. Loosen fixed screw during measurement, enable the needle swung freely, the direction of static magnetic needle is its meridian direction finally. Because China is located north hemisphere, the magnetic force is not equal at two sides and balance of the needle will be broken. To keep the needle balance, several cooper wires are winded on the south end of the needle, which is convenient to distinguish the north and south ends. 2. Horizontal scale Horizontal scale is marked by these methods: one graduation every 10 degrees by anticlockwise beginning from zero degree, continually to 360 degree, 0 and 180 degrees are N and S, respectively, 90 and 270 degrees are E and W. By using the scale, you can directly measure the magnetic azimuth angle with the straight line between two points on ground. 3. Vertical scale
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It is used to read obliquity and slope, E or W position as 0 degree, S or N as 90 degree, and corresponding number is marked every 10 degrees. 4. Suspended wimble It is an important part of slope gauge, suspended below the needle shaft. The wimble can be rotated by alidade handle at chassis. The graduation indicated by the tip at the center of suspended wimble is the inclining angle or slope. 5. Water level Normally, there are two water levels, respectively mounted in a circular glass tube. Circular water level is mounted on the chassis, and rectangular water level is mounted on slope gauge. 6. Aimer It includes object lens and eye lens, thin thread in the middle of reflector, transparent hole at the bottom, keeping eye, thread, and target object in a straight line, used for aiming.
2.3 Operation Instruction

2.3.1.1 Correction of magnetic declination You must correct magnetic declination before use. Because geomagnetic south and north poles are not fully consistent with those geographic poles, that is, magnetic meridian is not coincided with geographic meridian. Magnetic north is not consistent with the north at any point on the earth; the angle between these two directions is named as magnetic declination. If the north end of magnetic needle at certain point on the earth is declined in the direction of north by east, it is named as east declination; if it is in the direction of north by west, it is named as west declination. East declination is (+), west declination is (-). Magnetic declinations on different positions on the earth are calculated by phase, announced for reference. If magnetic declination is known at certain point, the relation between magnetic azimuth A and north azimuth A at the first test line is A = magnetic azimuth A +/- magnetic declination. Depending on this principle, we can correct the magnetic declination. During correction, you can screw the compass graduation, enabling horizontal scale rotating left or right (right if magnetic declination north by east; left if north by west), the angle between south & north graduation line at bottom
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Compass
of compass and horizontal scale 0-180 line equals to magnetic declination. The readings during measurement shall be real azimuth angle after correction. 2.3.1.2 Measure Target Azimuth To measure the relative position relation between target object and measurement person is to measure target azimuth (azimuth angle means the angle from meridian to this test line by clockwise mode). 1 Measurement method while target is above the line of sight (horizontal line) Hold the instrument tightly by your right hand, the back of upper cover facing to the viewer, arm pressing close to your body to reduce shake. Adjust alidade and reflector by your left hand, rotate your body, enable the image of target and alidade tip mapped into the reflector and evenly divided by mirror line, keeping circular bubble at the center. So the readings indicated by north end of the magnetic needle is the direction of this target. 2 Measurement method while target is below the line of sight (horizontal line) Hold the instrument tightly by your right hand, viewfinder at the opposite side to the viewer, arm pressing close to your body to reduce shake. Adjust alidade and reflector by your left hand, rotate your body, enable the image of target and alidade tip mapped into the reflector and evenly divided by mirror line, keeping circular bubble at the center. So the readings indicated by north end of the magnetic needle is the direction of this target. 2.3.1.3 Measure Antenna Azimuth Previous section introduces how to measure the azimuth relative to the measurement person beyond. This section describes how to measure antenna azimuth by using similar method. The sightign board at previous section is facing to the measured object, but measurement antenna directed angle is facing to the center line in primary direction of antenna coverage. On the field, we only can direct the rough direction, so the measurement result is approximate value, mainly used to check whether there is big deviation for antenna directed angle. During network planning, north direction is 0 degree. The angle between antenna direction and north direction is antenna directed angle along clockwise direction. Steps to measure antenna azimuth are as follows: 1 Measurement person holds the instrument and stands under the antenna or
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antenna tower; 2. Enable the back of upper cover of compass facing to measurement person, and alidade facing to antenna direction; 3. Keep circular bubble at the center, read the degrees indicated by north end of magnetic needle after it is static, the reading is antenna directed angle. 4. Metal may has great influence on compass, so it shall be away from metal items, such as iron tower, during measurement. 2.3.1.4 Measuring obliquity It is the angle while measurement direction is perpendicular to horizontal plane: 1. Open upper cover to the limit position. Side edge of the instrument is perpendicular to the movement direction and close to the feature surface to measure inclined object, adjust long bubble at the center; 2. Read the degrees of steering wheel indicated by the indicator, that is, obliquity of this feature surface.
2.4 Precautions
1 Magnetic needle, thimble, and carnelian bearing are the main parts. These parts shall be carefully protected, keeping cleanness, to avoid affecting sensibility of magnetic needle. If idle, the instrument shall be switched off. After instrument is swithed off, the magnetic needle shall be raised automatically by movement of switch and level, enable thimble fall off carnelian bearing, preventing from thimble damaged. 2 Don't remove all hinges if not neccessary, to avoid affecting accuracy. 3 You shall do your best to avoid the instrument exposed in high temperature, preventing from bubble leakage and fault. 4 Watch lubricant shall be frequently filled in the rotating portion of hinge, preventing from dry abrasion and broken. 5 If unused for a long time, it shall be kept in a ventilated and dry place against moldiness.
3 Sagem Test-Purpose MS
Knowledge points This chapter considers Sagem 0T290 as an example to describe the function, structure, and usage of common test-purpose MS.
3.1 Introduction of Sagem Test-Purpose MS

Sagem test-purpose MS can be used while base station is opened or during troubleshooting. It can read threshold value base station frequency, CI, LAC, BCC, NCC, and different parameters, also can read the information of measurement service cell and 6 adjacent cells. It can dynamically measure and trace system parameters, lock and test base station signal during coverage test, and measure network coverage quality and signal attenuation value. Sagem test MS is an essential and powerful weapon during base station installation, commissioning, and network optimization. We consider common used Sagem OT290 as an example to describe how to use test MS. 1 Functions in idle status BCCH channel in service cell and 6 adjacent cells: Channel number Receiving level BSIC Receiving threshold level Country and operator code of the service cell.
2 Call status function Whether adopts the frequency hopping mode. Channel type (service channel and dedicated control channel) Receiving quality TA
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BCCH occupied in communication status Receiving level (dBm)
3 Special functions Locking BCCH Setting the SIM card information: Accessing the cell with negative C1 value Testing the field strength of the RF channel Scan GSM900/DCS1800 frequency band Scan BCCH Forcibly handover (handover, no handover, handover once and circularly handover) Accessing the CELL_BAR cell
3.2 Demands of Test Environment

3.2.1 Hardware Configuration
A test-purpose MS A power supply charger Three mountable plugs Two serial port cables A connector for changing MS to serial port A connection wire from connector to PC Two batteries
Wiring between MS and PC is as shown in Figure 3.2-1.
Figure 3.2-1 Wiring MS and PC
3.2.2 Software Configuration

A SAGEM ot Trace Mobile CD
3.3 Menu and Test Method

You can see the menu after starting, scrollin up/down the middle scrolling keypad can see MS menu, main menu including phonebook, SMS, multimedia, wap, game, accessories, MS setting, and test tool. Other functions are similar with our used MS. However, it has more powerful functions, no more explaination herein. Below sections will mainly explain the test functions of test tools. As shown in the figure, there are two symmetrical small function keys around the middle large scrolling key. Left bottom is hook-on key, right bottom is dial key, left upper is menu shortcut and function exit key, right upper is select key and menu confirm key.
After menu option is selected on test tool, click the Select key at right upper corner, access to test tool submenu, including 6 options as trace, forcing, scanning, trace storage, infos & settings. 1 Trace usage: after selecting Trace option and clicking Confirm key at right upper corner, you can see GPRS and GSM menu options while accessing to submenu. GPRS options include mobility, PDP context, DATA transfer, Ciphering, Measurement, Paging, and Packet bursts. Where, selecting Mobility menu can see two options as Decach and Attech. These two options are status of cell and secondary cell. If you handover by Confirm key at right upper corner, you can see PTMSI, TLLI, NCC, LAC, RAC, and CI in the cell. Press Exit to Upper-Level Menu, select GSM to see QoS Info and Network menu. To select Network menu can measure the information service at service cell and 6 ajacent cells, BCCH channel in the cell and 6 adjacent cells. Channel number Receiving level BSIC Receiving threshold level Country and operator code of the service cell Cell Identity (CI) CRH value. Whether GPRS exists Using Scroll key at the same time can gradually read BCCH and BSIC values in ajacent 6 cells.
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2 Click Select menu after selecting Forcing menu, you can see five options as BCCH, reselection, Negative C1, Cell bar access, and Handover, its functions as follows: Locking BCCH Accessing the cell with negative C1 value Testing the field strength of the RF channel Forcibly handover (handover, no handover, handover once and circularly handover) Accessing the CELL_BAR cell
3 BCCH Scanning, RF Scanning, and RF measurement menus occur after selecting Scanning menu. After using Select key, you can Scan GSM900/DCS1800 frequency band Scan BCCH Dynamically measure maximum and minimum for RX of RF
4 Trace Storage menu includes five options as Recording, Marker, Memory, Setting, and Records Manager: Finish data recording Finish storage space reading
5 Setting submenus include to select and cancel L1 Report, MM Information, L3/GMM Message, and Scanning. You also can extract recorded file in Records Manager for reading 6 There are Serial link 1 speed, Mobile info, and SIM info under Infos & Setting submenu. Its function is to configure IMEI number and version number for SIM card.
3.4 Test Result Records

Actions: : return previous menu
^: Upper item
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V: Next item : Select
1 ~ 9:Shortcut key
3 Parameters displayed by NETWORK: Contents displayed under IDLE Mode: CH: 0118 RM: -104 RX: -59 BA: 12 TS: 0 TX:5 C1: +46 5.0 /* x.y : y: CCH_CONF common control channel */ ; x : BS_PA_MFRMAS-2 Structure of
BSIC : 50 CI: LAI: 02323 460 01 032800
NEXT CELL 1 CH 0097 RX: -66 RM: -104 C1: +38
TX: 5 BSIC 052 FN: +0 HBN: +6 STAT 2
..
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Contents displayed under Dedicated
Mode:
CH: 0118 PL: 12 RX: -58 TYP: TC
TS: 2 TA: 1 RQ: 0 DTX : Y
(no frequency hopping)
RFBCCH :0118 RXBCCH : -62 BSIC : 50 CI: 02323
NEXT CELL 1 CH 0097 RX: -66 BSIC 052
FN: +0 HBN: +6 STAT 2 ..
4 Computer connection test function Control MS by instruction set Mobile Control Command : Sending a call
Terminating a call
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Sending the last call answering a Call
Mobile Behaviour Change Command : Forcing a BCCH in idle mode Ignoring Cell Barring access list Suppressing a handover Overiding Path loss Forcing a handover Scanning mode Display options
Report Idle Mode report Dedicate Mode report Sync report s Idle channel description
Dedicated Channel description Cell ID description
Acknowledge mode message -Layer 1/Lafer 3 SACCH reports Complete SACCH information reports
reports
Channel request /Immediate assignment command reports Paging reports BCCH information reports
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4 Sitemaster Usage
Knowledge points This chapter considers Anritsu Sitemaster_S332D as an example to describe the function, installation, and usage of this kind of instrument.
4.1 Basic Introduction

4.1.1 Appearance and Function
SiteMaster is a kind of handhold cable and antenna analyzer. Most existing SiteMaster also has the function to analyze frequency. SiteMaster can be used to measure standing wave ratio (SWR), return loss (RL), cable loss (CL), RF fault in power and locating antenna system. During network optimization, common case is to use SiteMaster to test SWR of antenna feeder system and transmitting power of base station equipment. If SWR of antenna feeder system is too large, valid power shall be decreased for the transmitter, and valid coverage area shall be reduced for single base station. If you find base station power is low or coverage distance is not sufficient through drive test, we can use SiteMaster to measure carrier or combiner output power, feeder cable SWR to eliminate or solve some hardware faults. Front view of SiteMaster is as shown in Figure 4.1-1.
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Figure 4.1-1
SiteMaster Front View
4.1.2 Performance Indicator

4.1.2.1 Relevant Indices for Cable and Antenna Frequency range: Frequency accuracy: Frequency resolution: Output power: Measurement speed: Quantity of data points: Return loss Range: Resolution: Range: Resolution: Transmission cable loss Range: Resolution: Measurement accuracy: 4.1.2.2 Relevant Indices for Spectrum Analysis Test Frequency Range: 100 KHz ~ 3 GHz Display frequency width: Scanning time: 10 Hz ~ 2.99 GHz 100 KHz ~ 3 GHz
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25 MHz ~ 4 GHz =< 75 PPM 100 kHz =< 3.5 ms / data point 130, 259, or 517 0.00 ~ 60.00 dB 0.01 dB 1.00 ~ 65.00 0.01 0.00 ~ 30.00 dB 0.01 dB > 42 dB
< 0 dBm (standard is -10 dBm)
Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)
Sitemaster Usage
Resolution bandwidth (-3 dB): Video bandwidth (-3 dB): Amplitude ranges: Dynamic range:
100 Hz ~ 1 MHz
3 Hz ~ 1 MHz
-135 dBm ~ +20 dBm > 65 dB
4.1.2.3 Relevant indices for power measurement Frequency range: Detection Range: Precision: 10 MHz ~ 3 GHz -80 dBm ~ +80 dBm 1 dB
Maximum input power: +43 dBm (without attenuator) Warning: Output power of testing base station shall be connected to attenuator. You can't directly test base station carrier or CDU output power without attenuator. We know the output power of carrier on V2 station is about + 43 dBm, output power at BS30 may reach +46 dBm. If testing directly, SiteMaster may be burnt.
4.1.3 Panel and Interfaces

4.1.3.1 Front Panel Description Keys layout and its funtions on SiteMaster front panel are shown in Figure 4.1-2.
Figure 4.1-2
SiteMaster Front Panel Keys
Keypad HardKeys include numeric input and controllable SoftKeys, with instable functions. Key functions and SoftKey Menu information correspond to Function HardKeys. There are four keys with following functions:
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1.
MODE: three measurement modes as follows
(1) Freq - SWR: measurement SWR in frequency domain mode Return Loss: measurement return loss in frequency domain mode Cable Loss - One Port: measurement feeder cable loss in frequency domain mode (2) DTF - SWR: measurement SWR in distance domain mode Return Loss: measurement return loss in distance domain mode (3) Spectrum Analyzer: spectrum analysis 2. FREQ/DIST: based on selected measurement mode, the function key can display default frequency or distance in Softkey menus area in screen. 3. AMPLITUDE: based on selected measurement mode, the function keys that can adjust amplitude or proportion are displayed in Softkey menus area in screen. 4. MEAS/DISP: based on selected measurement mode, the function key that can measure or display are showed in Softkey menus area in screen. Display zone in front panel is as shown in Figure 4.1-3.
Figure 4.1-3
Some Key Info on SiteMaster Display
4.1.3.2 Testing Connecting Panel SiteMaster power supply and signal connection ports are arranged at the top of the instrument. There are English comments on each port to describe its function. Below is a simple description about the functions of some main ports. Connecting ports at the top of SiteMaster is as shown in Figure 4.1-4.
18
Sitemaster Usage
Figure 4.1-4
Connecting ports at the top of SiteMaster
BATTERY CHARGING: used to charge battery. EXTERNAL POWER: external power supply. SERIAL INTERFACE: used to connect computer, using the software tools provided by the manufacturer to support printer.
RF OUT: radio frequency output. It is used to measure return loss, max input can't exceed +23 dBm.
RF IN: radio frequency input. It is used to measure and analyze spectrum, max input can't exceed +43 dBm, the smallest at the initial age.
EXTERNAL FREQ REF/EXT TRIGGER: input external reference signal or trigger spectrum analysis.
4.2 Operation Instruction

4.2.1 Feeder Cable and Antenna Measurement
4.2.1.1 Instrument Calibration To guarantee accurate results, you shall calibrate SiteMaster before measurement. When configured frequency is changed, temperature exceeds calibrated temperature range, test cable is moved or replaced, calibration shall be conducted again. To get desired measurement results, SiteMaster calibration shall configure the range of measuring signal frequency. There are two methods to configure frequency: one is to select signal standard (such as GSM), the other is to use F1 and F1 softkeys. 1. The method to automatically configure frequency (1) Press <FREQ/DIST> Key, then press [Signal Standard] softkey;
19
(2) Use <UP/DOWN> arrow to select the standard about signal measurement, press <ENTER> to confirm selection. 2. The method to manually configure frequency
(1) Press <FREQ/DIST> key; (2) Press [F1] softkey, then use keypad or <UP/DOWN> key to input start frequency for frequency range, and then press <ENTER> to confirm input; (3) Press [F2] softkey, then use keypad or <UP/DOWN> key to input end frequency for frequency range, and then press <ENTER> to confirm input; (4) Confirm whether the frequency range showed in display is correct. SiteMaster has two calibration methods, one is open-short-load (OSL), the other is flexible cablibration (FlexCal). FlexCal is applicable to whole band (25MHz ~ 4GHz), without recalibration after changing frequency; OSL method is abbreviation of Open, Short, Load process. It shall be recalibrated after modifying frequency range. This is default calibration method, specific operation process as follows. SiteMaster standard OSL calibration method is as shown in Figure 4.2-1.
Figure 4.2-1
SiteMaster standard OSL calibration method
3.
Standard OSL calibration
(1) Press <SYS> key, then select [Options], current selected calibration method will be displayed at bottom status bar. Use [CAL Mode] to select OSL calibration
20
Sitemaster Usage
method; (2) Automatically or manually configure frequency range as above mentioned method; (3) Press <START CAL> key, "Connect OPEN or INSTACAL module to Port" message box displays; (4) Connect Open calibration connector, press <ENTER>, it prompts "Measuring OPEN", and display "Connect SHORT to RF out"; (5) Take off Open calibration connector, connect to Short calibration connector, press <ENTER> after connection, it prompts "Measuring LOAD", you can hear a tip tone after finishing calibration; (6) Confirm whether there is "Cal ON" tips at left upper corner. RF Out
Caution: If using test port cable, the cable must be connected during calibration. Test port cable is a kind of cable with stable phase. It can improve measurement accuracy and repeatability. The cable can be moved and bent during measurement, no any influence on measurement results. 4.2.1.2 Feeder Cable Loss Measurement (1) Press <MODE> key, then use <UP/DOWN> key to select [Freq-Cable Loss], press <ENTER> to confirm input; (2) Automatically or manually configure start and end frequency by using the method introduced in 4.2.1.1; (3) Calibrate using standard calibration method introduced in 4.2.1.1 and save calibration result; (4) Connect test port cable with stable phase to SiteMaster by feeder cable equipment, only if SiteMaster is in scanning mode, you can see a track in screen; (5) Feeder cable loss displays at status bar in the window, as shown in Figure 4.2-2.
21
Figure 4.2-2 Transmitting Feeder Cable Loss Measured by Standard Calibration
4.2.1.3 Measuring the SWR of an Antenna Feeder By this test, you can detect the SWR of an antenna feeder system, in combination of antenna itself SWR and feeder length, to check whether SWR test value of its antenna feeder system meets requirement. Steps to measure the SWR of an antenna feeder: (1) Press <MODE> key, then use <UP/DOWN> key to select [Freq-SWR], press <ENTER> to confirm input; (2) Automatically or manually configure start and end frequency by using the method introduced in 4.2.1.1; (3) Calibrate using standard calibration method introduced in 4.2.1.1 and save calibration result; (4) Connect feeder equipment to Sitemaster by test port cable with stable phase, to do SWR test, press <AMLITUDE> will display adjustment function menu to adjust coordinates; (5) Press <MARKER> key, then press [M1] softkey, the SWR at one point displays, using <UP/DOWN> key and <ENTER> to move frequency band. 4.2.1.4 Measure SWR Distance To Fault (DTF) SWR DTF is to diagnose feeder fault in distance domain. This test can find unmatched position in antenna feeder system, assisting field persons to accurately determine DTF. The measurement steps are as follows: (1) Press <MODE> key, then use <UP/DOWN> key to select [DTF-SWR], press <ENTER> to confirm input;
22
Sitemaster Usage
(2) Automatically or manually configure start and end frequency by using the method introduced in 4.2.1.1; (3) Calibrate using standard calibration method introduced in 4.2.1.1 and save calibration result; (4) Connect feeder equipment to SiteMaster by test port cable with stable phase to do SWR test; (5) Press <FREQ/DIST> key, configure segmental distance value D1, D2 by softkey; (6) Press [DTF Aid] softkey to select feeder cable type to configure correct propagation speed and attenuation factor; (7) Press <MARKER> key, then press [M1] softkey, the distance from one point can be read out, and multiple values can be displayed. below displays the distance values at 4 different positions. The peak position displayed below reflects the condition of different feeder connectors, if the peak is too high at certain point, a problem may occur here, as shown in Figure 4.2-3.
Figure 4.2-3 Measure SWR Distance To Fault (DTF)
4.2.2 Spectrum Analysis

To measure channel power is one of the commonly used functions. It can measure output power of the transmitter. When we know the signal frequency range to be measured, we can use spectrum analysis function of SiteMaster to measure signal strength and frequency to find out frequency and strength of interference signal. Below is operation steps:
23
(1) Press <Mode> key, then use <UP/DOWN> key to select [Spectrum Analyzer], and then press <ENTER> to confirm input; (2) Use [Signal Standard] softkey to select network standard, press <ENTER> to confirm; (3) Press [Select Channel] softkey and input channel value, press <ENTER> to confirm it; (4) Press <AMPLITUDE> key, then configure reference standard by [Rel Level] sofeky; (5) By using [Scale] softkey, configure the proportion as 10dB/division; by using [Preamp On/Off] or [Preamp Auto], manually or automatically activate preamplifier. Default value is automatic, press [Back] to return previous menu; (6) Press <MEAS/DISP> key, then configure BW, RBW and VBW as Auto, press [Back] to return previous menu; (7) By using [Trace], [Max Hold], configure graphic display range, press [Back] to return previous menu; (8) Press [Measure] softkey, then press [Channel Power], select [Int BW], then press <ENTER>; (9) Configure frequency range by using [Center] or [Span]; (10) Press [Measure] to measure, and SiteMaster will display measurement results;
Figure 4.2-4 Example for Power Measurement of Spectrum Analysis Channel
24
Sitemaster Usage
Note
When measuring electric signal by spectrum analyzer, to reduce measurement errors, we often need configure resolution bandwidth (RBW), video bandwidth (VBW) and scanning speed (or time) based on measured signal features. These parameter settings are three basic configuration used in spectrum analyzer. The noise before wave detection can be reduced by narrower resolution bandwidth, so as to decrease the noise output level of wave detector; the noise wave after detection can be reduced by narrowband video filter, but average power level can't be decreased for the noise. RBW determines the energy of the signal that arrives at detector, and VBW takes charge of level detection display. If RBW is larger, more noise can reach the detector. To select a VBW narrower than RBW can implement smooth display, but it will add scanning time. Normally, we hope the instrument can display relevant measurement results at the rapidest speed during measurement, whether we can configure the scanning speed to any value? The answer is no, because we know there are different working bandwidth limits for any electronic circuit, the circuits with different bandwidths have different response time for signal. In general, the circuit with broader bandwidth can be faster than that with narrower bandwidth on response. If scanning speed is too high, errors will occur due to no time to respond for circuit. When measuring signal using spectrum analyzer, we often configure different resolution bandwidth, so scanning speed of the instrument can be configured correspondingly, thus can reduce the display error.
4.2.3 Power Survey

(1) Press <Mode> key, then use <UP/DOWN> key to select [Power Meter], and then press <ENTER> to confirm input; (2) Automatically or manually configure start and end frequency by using the method introduced in 4.2.1.1; (3) Press <ZERO> key, and SiteMaster returns to zero; (4) Press <OFFSET> to select actual attenuation value for the attenuator; (5) Press <UNITS> to select power unit as nW or dBm; (6) Press <AMPLITUDE> key, then press [Rel] softkey, SiteMaster will consider
25
the input power as reference, to display the ratio between current measured power and reference power. Note
1 Function of <Zero> key: enable load input as zero, the instrument display -80dBm or 0.01nW after pressing this key; 2. Change display unit: call [UNITS] softkey by using <AMPLITUDE>, select W or dBm as power unit, press <FREQ/DIST> return to power measurement menu.
4.3 Precautions
During calibration, the measurement port for calibration (connecting position for calibration parts) shall be as close as possible to the port of measured parts.
26
5 Agilent E4402 Spectrum Analyzer

Knowledge points This chapter considers Agilent E4402/4404 as an example to describe its main performance and usage.
5.1 Basic Introduction

Basic Functions of the Spectrum Analyzer: A spectrum analyzer is used to test performance of a frequency domain, such as spectrum, power of adjacent channels, quick scanning of time domain, spurious radiation and inter-modulation attenuation. Commonly used purposes: test and interference. Features
(1) The HD color monitor with broad view angle and 16.8cm height is convenient to recognize the interested signal. (2) Next generation user interfaces improve the usage convenience. Buit-in help can provide instant assistance and needn't use manual. When manual is required, it will be provided in printing mode or through CDRON and global network. (3) Several single button measurements, such as adjacent channel power (ACP), bandwidth occupied, channel power of transmitting bandwidth, 10 peak tables, and harmonic distortion measurement can quickly give out the better measurement results. (4) With threshold and qualified/unqualified limit, to simplify production test. With built-in frequency counter with 1Hz resolution, to accurately measure individual signal. Performance
(1) Measurement speed: update 28 times/second (2) Measurement accuracy: 1dB

27
(3) Optional 10Hz resoluton bandwidth filter (4) Cabinet can accommodate 6 optional slot cards (5) 97dB 3-order dynamic range
5.2 Operation Instructions

1 Connecting referential source signal for spectrum analyzer Connect an external referential source (recommended) for precise 10MHz clock at [10M REF INPUT] port at the bottom of spectrum analyzer. If no external referential source, you can use the analyzer signal at [10M REF OUTPUT] port to connect [10M REF INPUT] and [10M REF OUTPUT] ports by using short circuit module or coaxial cables. If measuring equipment indices (such as TRX), output signal of FCLK clock on TMU (or MCK) handle bar can be introduced at [GATE TRIG/EXT TRIG IN (TTL)] port of spectrum analyzer, as shown in Figure 5.2-1.
GATE
TRIG/
EXT TRIG IN (TTL)
10M OUT
Figure 5.2-1 Wiring diagram 1 of referential source signal
10M IN
If measuring external interference, you can only connect interence level at antenna side to input port for test signal, also can connect to omnidirectional antenna; if interference source is required to locate, directional antenna shall be connected.
28
Agilent E4402 Spectrum Analyzer
If measuring equipment indices (such as spurious emission and inter-modulation of TRX), measured signal (such as transmitting port signal of TRX) shall be connected to output port of test signal by a approximate 30dB attenuator, as shown in Figure 5.2-2.
Frequency
SPAN AMPLITUDE
Connecting antenna or equipment
Figure 5.2-2 Wiring diagram 2 of referential source signal
2 Switch on power supply, check whether the instrument enters normal working status and different keys can work 3 After switch on, spectrum analyzer enters into [SPECTRUM ANALYZER] (scanning) mode by default. If measuring external interference, you can operate by following steps: 1 Press [FREQUENCY] key, input central frequency (such as 900M); 2 Press [SPAN] key, input scanning bandwidth; 3) Press [AMPLITUDE] key, configure referential level (such as -40dBm);
4 Press [MARKER] key, input frequency signal to be searched; You can read out the frequency and level values at cursor point at right upper corner in the screen. You can press [PEAK SEARCH] key to enable the cursor locate level peak point
29
of the signal. 4 If it is required to measure test equipment indices, you can operate it by following steps (for example, to test whether TRX itself has interference (spurious emission)). (1) Connecting attenuator at input port, then connecting to TRX receiving input port (both primary/secondary trunking, note that you shall select BCCH carrier); open TRX, and don't start test until TRX normally functions. (2) Press [MODE] key, select [GSM900 ANALYZER], entering into GSM900 test interface. (3) Select Spurious Emision, to test spurious emission for this TRX. (4) If level of spurious spectrum is lower than -80dBm, it is normal; if it is higher than -80dBm, it is interference. (5) If interference spectrum is drifting, it is self activated by TRX.
5.3 Precautions
Because maximum level at test input port for different spectrum analyzers are 30dBm(1W), if the level of measured signal is too high, access spectrum analyzer may be burnt. Therefore, when using spectrum analyzer, you shall obey the rule: regardless of level value, measured signal shall first pass at least one 30dB attenuator, then test it by connecting spectrum analyzer.
30
6 TEMS Investion GSM 2.0.1

Knowledge points This chapter considers TEMS as an example to describe its main performance and usage.
6.1 Software Environment

6.1.1 Hardware Architecture
One notebook computer. A PCMCIA serial card. A TEMS R320s MS and a TEMS MS data cable. A set of GPS.
(1) A GPS receiver. (2) A GPS antenna. (3) A GPS data cable.
6.1.2 Software Environment

It is more reliable to install TEMS Investigation GSM 2.0.1 on Windows 2000 or above.
6.2 Operation Flow

6.2.1 Start and exit
Welcome interface is as shown in Figure 6.2-1.
31
Figure 6.2-1
Welcome interface
The sequence of correct exit is to stop record, disconnect equipment, and close the software.
6.2.2 Parameter Setting

6.2.2.1 Customize own working interface
Figure 6.2-2
Customize own working interface
32
As shown in Figure 6.2-2, you can select several interfaces as own working interfaces through the Presentation=>MS1 options, which is related with test types and test habit. Commonly, we use Serving+Neighbors, Radio Parameters, Current Channel, Line Chart and Map. Where, at begining, the settings for some windows are not compliant with our habit. For example Line Chart, it only display the receiving level with Full value at the begining. It is poorer than commonly used SUB, and you can't find BER. You can right-click Presentation in Line Chart window to enter into Layer Chart[MS1] Presentation. You can add one Chart to represent BER, as shown in below figure.
Figure 6.2-3
Add the Chart that represents BER
After adding it, you can edit selected Chart, as shown in Figure 6.2-4 and Figure 6.2-5. You can select many required parameters for editing Chart from left pane, and you can select proper color or legend to represent corresponding parameters by using Edit IE button. Parameter setting is same for other windows.
33
Figure 6.2-4 Edd new added Chart(1)
Figure 6.2-5 Edd new added Chart(2)
6.2.2.2 Import GPS layer 1 In MAP window, click button, as shown in below figure.
34
Figure 6.2-6 Import GPS Layer (1)
2 In Layer Control window, click Add button to add GSM map layer, as shown in Figure 6.2-7.
3 After selecting corresponding layer in Layers, the layer can be automatically displayed when selecting Automatic Labels. Selecting Display button is to configure corresponding layer display, as shown in Figure 6.2-8.
35
6.2.2.3 Edit and import cell library file Edit cell library file
1 Click menu bar Configuration=>Cell Definition, as shown in below figure.
Figure 6.2-9 Edit cell library file (1)
2 Cell Definition window pops up. Click shown in Figure 6.2-10.
New button, click
button, as
36
3 Fill in corrresponding cell information in displayed window, as shown in Figure 6.2-11.
4 Click OK button, click Save button, save the file as *.cell file, as shown in Figure 6.2-12 and Figure 6.2-13.
37
5 In the directory to save the file, open *.cell file in Excel mode, as shown in Figure 6.2-14.
As such, we can use corresponding cell data to fill in or overwrite original data in this format. Please note that the first and second rows can't be modified, and the data filled in shall correspond to corresponding properties. Subsequently, when updating cell data, we only requires modifing this file. Now, cell library file is done.
38
Import cell library file button, then select cell library file, then save it. as shown in Fig. .
1 Click
Figure 6.2-15 Import cell library file (1)
2 Click menu bar Configuration=>General. Popup interface is as shown in Figure 6.2-16.
3 Double-click GSM icon, its result as shown in Figure 6.2-17.
4 Select Use Cell Name option box, and then click "Browse..." button to import cell library file. Finally click OK button. Now, cell library file is imported.
39
6.2.2.4 Dynamically display current service cell in the map 1 In MAP window, click pops up. button, the window as shown in Figure 6.2-18
Figure 6.2-18 Dynamically display current service cell in the map (1)
2 Select "New Layer..." button, as shown in Figure 6.2-19, Figure 6.2-20, Figure 6.2-21, Figure 6.2-22, and Figure 6.2-23.
Figure 6.2-20 Dynamically display current service cell in the map (3) 40
You can configure line colors or display the field intensity for current cell by using different colors.
41
Herein, you can determine which line segment will be displayed. It can be the connection line, handover line, and all lines for current service area. The later two items are mainly used to observe cell coverage. The first item is useful for checking whether cell handover is normal.
3 Its effect is as shown in Figure 6.2-24.
Figure 6.2-24 Dynamically display current service cell in the map (7) 42
6.2.3 Dialing test

6.2.3.1 Connecting device 1 Connect different hardware equipment. Open TEMS software, click button in toolbar, when system may automatically search various serial ports and display searched equipment (the equipment herein mainly indicates GPS and TEMS mobile phone), as shown in Figure 6.2-25.
Figure 6.2-25 Connecting equipment (1)
2 Sometimes, the software may not find any equipment. At this time, you shall add the hardware mannually. Click equipment, as shown in below figure. button, mannually define unsearched
Figure 6.2-26 Connecting equipment (2)
3 Click
button to connect all connected equipment. Operation state of the .
equipment displays at lower right corner in software interface, as shown in
4 Now, equipment is connected. You can do dialing test now. During test, click
43
button to start save test data. Attention: you shall insert PCMCIA serial card before starting TEMS software, otherwise the software can't find the serial card. This can be solved by restarting TEMS software. 6.2.3.2 Insert Bookmark during Test During test, you may require record the description about landform and terrain. You can insert FileMark to record wireless environment during test, such as doorway, outdoor, and indoor at claim point. You can view FileMark during data replay. Press key F5 to insert FileMark, click OK after inputing description information, as shown in Figure 6.2-27.
Figure 6.2-27 Insert bookmark during test
6.2.4 Scanning Test

During scanning test, the problem you shall note is test-purpose MS shall be in standby state during scanning. Configure BCCH frequency that requires scanning.
1 Select menu bar Control=>Frequency Scanner. The window as shown in Figure 6.2-28 may pop up.
44
Figure 6.2-28 Configure BCCH frequency that requires scanning (1)
2 Click
measurement settings or press Shift+Q. "Measurement settings"
window pops up, as shown in Figure 6.2-29.
3 Under Scanned Channels bookmark, select Manual Selection option box, then click subsequent "Select..." button, Channel Selection menu pops up, as shown in Figure 6.2-30.
45
4 As shown in above figure, there are three options like ALL Channels, E-GSM, and 1800 in Channel drop box. Normally, we may select ALL Channels. We can configure BCCH frequency that shall be scanned by clicking Selected frequencies. We also can select a frequency band to scan. Firstly, select a frequency as starting point. Then press and hold Shift key to drag scroll bar, click the terminated frequency, its result is as shown in Figure 6.2-31.
46
5 Press and hold Ctrl key, select a frequency at blue area, you can find all frequencies in blue area are selected. Click the OK button. So the setting for scanning BCCH frequency is finished. Configure whether BSIC code is required to be decoded.
1 Select Advanced label, as shown in Figure 6.2-32.
Figure 6.2-32 Configure whether BSIC code is required to be decoded 47
2 Select Decode BSIC, configure the value of "Number of samples per reported" to 10. Select OK button. So setting of BSIC code is finished. Configure scanned frequency sorted by received level button, Bar Chart Display Properties window pops up, as shown in
1 Click
Figure 6.2-33.
Figure 6.2-33 Configure scanned frequency sorted by received level (1)
2 Select "Decreasing signal strength", so sort setting is finished. 3 Click button to save records. Click the button to start scanning. To click
the button, you can see scanned BCCH frequency and decoded BSIC code. Click Stop Scanning, then close scanning window. 4 Figure 6.2-34 is scanning interface.
48
Figure 6.2-34 Configure scanned frequency sorted by received level (2)
6.2.5 Frequency Locking Test

Lock frequency test is similar to dialing test. We only need note the usage in toolbar . From left to right, it is telephone redialing, disable handover, lock frequency, clearance, equipment property, connect equipment, and disconnect equipment. The below interface shows after clicking "lock frequency" button. You can see we only need select a frequency, to click OK button is ok. To select again, it is ok to select again in lock frequency screen after pressing Clear key.
Figure 6.2-35 Lock Frequency Test 49
6.2.6 Data replay

The button to control data replay function is placed on toolbar The first button is used to open test file. The second and fifth keys are used to control replay. The later two keys are used to find and display information. .
6.3 Application Cases

6.3.1 Ping-pong Handover
There are a lot of ping-pong handovers during test. It is judged that no primary service area exists in this area, similar levels occur for several cells. It can be solved by adjusting antenna declination angle. Before adjustment, it is as shown in Figure 6.3-1.
Figure 6.3-1
Drive test diagram before ping-pong handover and adjustment
50
After adjustment, it is as shown in Figure 6.3-2.
Figure 6.3-2
Drive test diagram after ping-pong handover and adjustment
6.3.2 Handoff Coverage

Obvious handoff coverage exists in certain cell (32604). By adjusting its antenna declination angle, the problem is solved. Before adjustment, it is as shown in Figure 6.3-3.
51
Figure 6.3-3
Drive test result before adjusting handoff coverage area
Figure 6.3-4
Drive test result after adjusting handoff coverage area
52
6.3.3 HIgh call drop

During test, lots of call drops occur in certain area, through analysis, severe congestion is found in certain cell within this area. By adjusting handover control parameters, traffic balance is implemented. Before adjustment, it is as shown in below figure.
Figure 6.3-5
Drive test result before adjustment in high call drop area (1)
53
Figure 6.3-6
Drive test result before adjustment in high call drop area (2)
Figure 6.3-7
Drive test result after adjustment in high call drop area 54

GB - AF - POP - 04 - C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software-68

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GB_AF_POP_04_C1 ZTE GSM-BSS After-Sales Competency Certification Training Manual 04

GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software

1.1 Principle of GPS Navigator

Front view of handhold GPS 12C

GB_AF_POP_04_C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software

1.2 GPS12C Performance Indicator

Area calculation: a function to automatically calculate area

1.3 Introduction of GPS12C Performance Panel Buttons

GB_AF_POP_04_C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software

1.4 GPS 12C Operation Instruction

1.4.2 Automatic Locating

1.4.3 Locating and Navigation Operation

(1) Press Page Down key to display main menu;

GB_AF_POP_04_C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software

1.4.4 Navigating by route

1.5.3 Suggestions for difference about BS data

GB_AF_POP_04_C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software

2.1 Compass Principle

GB_AF_POP_04_C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software

2.2 DQY-1 Compass Structure and its Performance

Readings error for angle meter

4 Instrument outline dimension (L X W X H) 85 x 73 x 35 mm 5 Instrument weight =< 0.27kg

2.2.2 Basic Structure

1. Reflector 5. Vertical scale

2. alidade 6. Vertical scale indicator

3. Magnetic needle 7. Vertical water level 12. Glass cover

9. Fixed bolt for magnetic needle 10. Thimble 11. Lever

DQY-1 Compass Structure

GB_AF_POP_04_C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software

2.3 Operation Instruction

GB_AF_POP_04_C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software

3.1 Introduction of Sagem Test-Purpose MS

GB_AF_POP_04_C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software

BCCH occupied in communication status Receiving level (dBm)

3.2 Demands of Test Environment

Wiring between MS and PC is as shown in Figure 3.2-1.

Figure 3.2-1 Wiring MS and PC

3.2.2 Software Configuration

3.3 Menu and Test Method

GB_AF_POP_04_C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software

3.4 Test Result Records

GB_AF_POP_04_C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software

V: Next item : Select

BSIC : 50 CI: LAI: 02323 460 01 032800

NEXT CELL 1 CH 0097 RX: -66 RM: -104 C1: +38

TX: 5 BSIC 052 FN: +0 HBN: +6 STAT 2

Contents displayed under Dedicated

CH: 0118 PL: 12 RX: -58 TYP: TC

TS: 2 TA: 1 RQ: 0 DTX : Y

(no frequency hopping)

RFBCCH :0118 RXBCCH : -62 BSIC : 50 CI: 02323

NEXT CELL 1 CH 0097 RX: -66 BSIC 052

FN: +0 HBN: +6 STAT 2 ..

GB_AF_POP_04_C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software

Sending the last call answering a Call

Dedicated Channel description Cell ID description

4.1 Basic Introduction

GB_AF_POP_04_C1 GSM Network Planning and Optimization Tools and Software

SiteMaster Front View

4.1.2 Performance Indicator

< 0 dBm (standard is -10 dBm)

Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)

-135 dBm ~ +20 dBm > 65 dB