vroazijskicentar.

com

2013.

, . 36
. 33 29 205; 33 49 203
E-mail:ipsbgd@eunet.rs
www.ipsbgd.edu.rs

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CONTENTS
Foreword .............................................................................................

EVERLASTING GEOPOLITICAL
AND GEOECONOMIC DYNAMICS OF EURASIA
Milos Knezevic
EUROPE VIS--VIS ASIA EURASIA:
CONTRIBUTION TO THE POSSIBLE UNDERSTANDING
OF EURASIA AND EURASIANISM ..............................................
Branko Krga
POSSIBLE BASIS OF BUILDING EURASIAN
GEOPOLITICAL SPAC ..................................................................
Zeljko . Budimir
MACKINDER`S GEOPOLITICAL ORDER AND
EURASIAN INTEGRATION ...........................................................
Nebojsa Vukovic
GEOCULTURAL EURASIAN ASPECTS IN THE WORK
OF ALEXANDER PANARIN . .........................................................

15
69
89
105

MACRO-REGIONS AND THE GREAT PLAYERS

ON THE EURASIAN CHESSBOARD
Momir Bulatovic
THE ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
AND LOSS OF ITS ATTRACTIVE POWER ................................
Yu Hongjun
PROMOTING CHINA-CENTRAL EASTERN EUROPE
AND CHINA-SERBIA RELATIONS TO ACHIEVE
GREATER DEVELOPMENT . .........................................................
Dragana Mitrovic, Dragan Trailovic
GEOPOLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE CHINESE
ENERGY STRATEGY IN CENTRAL ASIA . .................................

129

161
177

Ivan M. Zaric
EURASIAN GEOPOLITICAL AND GEOS TRATEGIC
PERSPECTIVES OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC
OF CHINA ..........................................................................................
Zoran Petrovic Pirocanac
ARGUMENTS WHY THE EUROASIAN UNION INSTEAD
OF EUROPEAN UNION EXEMPLE OF CHINA . ...................
Marko Pejkovic
THE GEOPOLITICS OF INDIA IN THE EURASIAN
CONTEXT ..........................................................................................

195
231
255

EURASIAN INTEGRATION: SERBIAN

GEOPOLITICAL AND GEOECONOMIC
VIEWPOINT
Milomir Stepic
GEOGRAPHIC AND ETHNO-CIVILIZATION
FOUNDATIONS OF THE EURASIAN GEOPOLITICAL
INTEGRATION OF SERBIA ...........................................................
Elena Georgievna Ponomareva
RUSSIAN ENERGY DIPLOMACY AS A FACTOR
OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION (SERBIAN EXAMPLE) ..........
Branimir Kuljanin
THE SERBS AND FOUR DIRECTIONS OF RUSSIAN
EUROASIANISM . .............................................................................
Dusan Prorokovic
EURASIANISM, ATLANTICISM AND THEORY
OF CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS IN THE BALKANS . ...........
Blagoje S. Babic
SERBIA AND NEO-EUROASIA: GEOECONOMIC ASPECT...
Aleksandar Sasa Gajic
INSIDE GEOPOLITICAL GAP: SERBIA BETWEEN EU
AND EURASIAN UNION ...............................................................

277
313
351
387
407
427

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Milos Knezevic
EUROPE VIS--VIS ASIA EURASIA:
CONTRIBUTION TO THE POSSIBLE UNDERSTANDING
OF EURASIA AND EURASIANISM
Resume
The land boundary between Europe and Asia is mainly im
plied, but it is almost never accurately derived. That bound
ary is geographically conventional. The dilemma if Europe is
only the furthest western and the biggest peninsula of Asia, is
being eliminated by the usual two-continental discourse. The
old continent Europa, is being treated as a special geographi
cal macro phenomenon a continent and its peninsular
character is being tentatively mentioned. On the other hand,
Eurasiansm presupposes both one-continent and two-conti
nents. If seen abstractedly and holistic, it points to the unique
land mass, while from the particular starting points within
the spatial unity, two-sidedness can be noticed.
The only two countries which by their real position and place
on the world map point to the Eurasian character are Russia
and Turkey. Both are partly European and Asian country,
respectively. Yet, Eurasianism, both in theoretical and doc
trinal approach, is mostly being associated with Russia and
its foreign policy and strategy.
In the local Eurasian overview, there is a differentiation
between positive and negative Eurasianism. The first is be
ing spotted by the positive attitudes of most Serbs towards
the Eastern, Orthodox, Slavic and Russian factor, while the
other manifests itself by the averse and negative attitudes to
wards also Eastern, but islamic Turkey.
Actually, there are two possible types of interpretation of
Eurasia: the autochthonous Eurasianism, but also indirect
and derived, allochthonous Eurasianism in the countries
that dont have Eurasian geographic character, nor represent
the Eurasian ideology. Those countries include most Balkan
people, South Slavs, Serbs and of course, Serbia.
Still, Eurasianism is on the Balkan reflected more intensly
than in other European areas. That reality is a consequence
63

of the centuries-long exposure to the Oriental influences dur

ing the Turkish occupation. Also, the orientation of the South
Slavic and Serbian people towards the biggest Slavic people
and state on the East Russia caused Eurasian feelings.
The Eurasianism in the Serbian area and among the Serbs is
ambivalent. It shows itself as an repulsive attitude towards
the islamic Orient, and as the Orthodox reciprocity and
sence of the Eastern European identity. The Eurasian sedi
ments and sentiments are being expressed on a specific man
ner in the mentality of the South Slavic Bosniak muslims.
Therefore, the experience of Eurasia and the interpretative
approach towards Eurasianism are by no means unique, nor
can be reduced to Western, mostly negative stances. Also,
one must make a difference between the interpretation of
the authentic Eurasianism of the Russian Eurasians, and the
local political, geopolitical and geocultural comprehension
which are not ultimately alike to the Russian Eurasianism.
The academic interpretations in the area of review of the
history of the Eurasian ideas from the past are not enough,
one must question and think over alive and influental forms
of the Eurasian sensibility and mentality in these areas. In
that manner, without doubt, the existing local experience of
the European East and Eurasia, i.e. Orient and Eurasianism
will be more relief and therefore more comprehensible.
Key words: Serbian area, Balkan, East, Europe, Asia, Eur
asia, Russia, Turkey, Europeanism, Occidentalism, Euro
Americanism, Asiatism, Orientalism, Eurasianism

,
64

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.
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.
,
, ,
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84

...

,
,
. ,
.

, ,

,
. , (
)
. ,
,
: ,
, ,
, ; ,
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.

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, . 12

.
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85

, .
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:

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,
;
.
Branko Krga
POSSIBLE BASIS OF BUILDING
EURASIAN GEOPOLITICAL SPACE
Resume
The idea of Euro-Asian integration of geopolitical realm be
came frequent arguments in theoretical discussion. However,
there is more practical movements in planning of its reali
zation. The process is still pending due to: Firstly, in Russia
where the idea is coined, the approaches differs, secondly, the
foundation of idea are still not established, the question is
where to establish those ideas of Euro-Asian Integrations,
what could be used to motivate the countries to join, its geo
graphical position, economy, security, common values, com
mon civilization, etc... Third aspect, the reality is that the
carriers of Euro-Atlantic ideas are strong opponents to new
projects which would eventually jeopardize its domination.
Serbia is divided ti its stance towards Euro-Asian idea.
Key words: geopolitical realm, Euro-atlantic idea, foun
dations of Euro-sian integrations, Euro-asia, Euro-asian
Union, Serbian stance
86

...

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87

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; , , 2009.
, , ,
, , 2011.
, , , , ,
1999.
, , ,
; , , 2013.
, , , , , 2004.
, , ,
, , 2009.
, . ., ,
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, , , ;
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, , - 90- 20.
, , 1-2/2009,
, , 2009.
, , , , ,
2013.
, , ,
, .
, , 2008.
, ,
, , , 2010.
, ,
, ,
1-2/2009, , ,
2009.
, , ,
, , 2013.
, , , , ;
, , 2000.

88

 . *

327::911.3(4/5)

,

.


, , .

()
,
(Heartland),
.
,


.
, .

,
19. 20. . ,
20. ,

. ,
,
,

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*

oj .

89

,
.
,

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: , ,
,

(Halford Jhn
Mackinder, 1861-1947)
.
, ,
.
,

. ,
20.
.


.
(On
the Scope and Methods of Geography),
1887. .
,
(
). (New
Geography)
.1

.
1

Brian Blouet, Helford Mackinder: A Biography, A&B Universety Press, Texas,

1987., p. 43.

90

...

,

(Britain and British Seas),
.2

,
.
,
20. .

, .

,
25. 1904. .

.3
, -
,
.
,4
20.
,
.
,

.
2

Halford Mackinder, Britain and the British Seas, D. Appleton and Company, 1902

Halford Jhn Mackinder The Geographical pivot of History, Geographical jour

nal 23, (Reprinted, The Scope and Methods of geography and Geographical pivot of
History, RGS, London , 1969., . 421 437.)

. ,
,
. , , ,
. . .


. . .

. , , , , 2004. . 53.

91

.
5 (Pivot area)
, ,
, .

(Inner or Marginal Crescent) , ,
, .6
(Outer or Insular Crescent)
, , ,
, .7 ( 1)
1:
1904. .

: Halford Jhn Mackinder, The Geographical pivot of History, in: (Ad

ditional papers), Democratic Ideals and Rality, National Defense University
Press, Washington, 1996, . 191.

- ,

5

Pivot area .

Halford Jhn Mackinder, The Geographical pivot of History, in: (Additional pa

pers), Democratic Ideals and Reality, National Defense University Press, Washing
ton, 1996, . 191.

Ibidem, . 191.

92

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H. Mackinder, The Geographical pivot of History, in: (Additional papers), Dem

ocratic Ideals and Reality, op.cit., . 186.

93

.


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.
.10

,
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.

20. .

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.


,
(Democratic Ideals and Rea
lity) 1919. .
-
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,
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() . ,
10

H. Mackinder, The Geographical pivot of History, in: (Additional papers), Dem

ocratic Ideals and Reality, op.cit., . 190.

94

...

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,

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(buffer zone)14, -
.

11

Brian Blouet, Global Geostrategy, Mackinder and Defence of the West, Frank Cass,
London, 2005, . 1.

12

. Mackinder, Democratic Ideals and Reality, op.cit., . 78.

13

1904.
.

14

95

, , , , , , ,
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.17



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15

. Mackinder, Democratic Ideals and Reality, op.cit., . 106.

16

17

. Mackinder, Democratic Ideals and Reality, op.cit., . 121.

96

...

1943.
(The Round World and the Wining of the Peace)
.

. O je

,
.18
,

.
. ,

.
(Le
naland), , .
/
,
. ( 2)
2: 1904. 1919. 1943.

: Saul Cohen, Geopolitics of the World System, Rowman & Littlefield Pu

blisher, London New York, 2003, p. 18.
18

97

,
19
,
, .
,

, , .


.
16. .
,
.
,
20.
.
3:

,
,
.
19

. Mackinder, The Round the World and the Winning of the Peace, in: (Addi
tional papers), Democratic Ideals and Reality, op.cit., . 201.

98

...

, .
,
,
.
,

.
.

19.
.20
, ,
.
,
, 20.
.
1917. ,

. ,
.

.

.
,
.
,
, .

,
.
(strategy of containment)

.


20

9.288,2 .

99

,
, ,


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20. .


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.
. ,
,
,

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.
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. ,
,
,
. ,
,
.
21

, , , , 2007, .
150.

100

...

.

,
. (
)
(The Grand Chessboard),

22,
,
.23 ,
,


.


.

,24 ,
.

. -
,
.

.
,
.
,

.
22

, , - , , 2001, . 33.

23

Ibidem, . 85.

24

, , ,
, , .

101

Zeljko Budimir
MACKINDER`S GEOPOLITICAL ORDER
AND EURASIAN INTEGRATION
Resume
Proposed by the British geopolitician and geostrategist Hal
ford Mackinder more than a century ago, the global geopoli
tical order in his Heartland theory became a geostrategic pa
radigm of confronting major naval and continental powers.
The Heartland theory became a model for studying relations
between major Eurasian countries and the maritime (tha
lassocratic) West led by Great Britain, later followed by the
USA. Mackinders geopolitical order as a seat of global po
wer determines continental (dry-land) core of Eurasia which
he names Pivotal region or Heartland. This area is the
geostrategic key for control over the entire Eurasia. Along
with Heartland in Mackinders global political order, there
is a term Inner or Marginal crescent which encompasses
the most important countries of Eurasian rim. Outer or in
sular crescent covers the major naval powers like the USA
and Great Britain. The control over Heartland is crucial for
the Eurasian process of integration. Russia was the major
carrier of such control through entire 19th and 20th centuri
es. However, the 1990s saw the collapse of the Soviet Union,
which was a major geopolitical catastrophe for the Russian
people. Modern Russian Federation remains in control over
northern and central parts of the Heartland, whilst southern
part is now under the control of the former Soviet central
Asian Islamic states. Without the control over the Heartland,
there is no Eurasian integration, in a broader or a narrower
form. Geopolitical imperative for the modern Russian state
has to be an integration of Heartland mainly through some
form of uniting former Soviet republics with the Russian Fe
deration along with strategic alliances with the most impor
tant Eurasian countries like India and China.
Key words: geopolitics, geostrategy, geopolitical order, Eura
sia
102

...

,

,

.


,
.

,
'' '', .. (Heartland)
.
,

,
.
,
.
,

I- - .
, 20 ,
,
.
, ,

,

.

.
\
103

,
,

, .
: , ,
,

Blouet, Brian, Halford Mackinder: A Biography; A&B Universety Press,

Texas, 1987.
Blouet, Brian, Global Geostrategy, Mackinder and Defence of the West,
Frank Cass, London, 2005.
, , , - ,
- , 2001.
, , , ,
, 2007.
Cohen, Saul, Geopolitics of the World System, Rowman & Littlefield Pu
blisher, London New York, 2003.
, ,
, , , 2004.
, , ,
, , 2004.
Mackinder, Halford, The Geographical pivot of History, Geographical
journal 23, (Reprinted, The Scope and Methods of geog raphy
and Geographical pivot of History, RGS, London , 1969.,
Mackinder, Halford, Democratic Ideals and Rality, National Defense
University Press, Washington, 1996.
Mackinder, Halford, Britain and the British Seas, D. Appleton and Com
pany, 1902.
Mackinder, Halford, The Round World and Winning of the Peace, in (Ad
ditional Papers), Democratic Ideals and Rality, National De
fense University Press, Washington, 1996.

104

316.7::911.3(4+5)+1 Panarin A.

(1940-2003)
.
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,


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,, .
1

Milan Suboti, Put Rusije: evroazijsko stanovite, Plato, Beograd, 2004, . 247.

106

...

.
(1940-2003) ,

20. 21. . 250 ,
18 .
,
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.


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, , ,
, , 2000, . 219.

107

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. 212.

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10

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, (
), op. cit., . 251.

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, 2002, . 278.

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16

, , op. cit., .
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41

Marlne Laruelle, Russian Eurasianism: an ideology of empire, Woodrow Wilson

Center Press, Washington DC, 2008, p. 90.

42

, . 91.

121

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Nebojsa Vukovic
GEOCULTURAL EURASIAN ASPECTS
IN THE WORK OF ALEXANDER PANARIN
Resume
Alexander Panarin (19940-2003) is one of the greatest con
temporary philosophers and political scientists of Russia.
Also, Panarin is one of the most important theoreticians of
euraisanism in Russia. His concept of the eurasianism has
some specific features:
Panarin perceives Russia as a unique civilization, whose ba
sic characteristic is russo-turanic cultural synthesis develo
ped during the centuries of common life of the russian and
the turkish (muslim) peoples. In his theory, Russia is a sort of
cultural amalgam, which facilitates communication between
West and East. Russia can be depicted as a given continuum
whose both poles mark the principle of Individualism from
46

, . 93.

123

the West and the principle of Sobornost from the East, re

spectively.
Panarin has advocated productive dialogue between the
russian culture andthe cultures of the muslim world, India
and China. He assumed that both Russia and muslim world
can find common language and that in ethical centrism and
cosmical-centrism one may find common sources of ortho
dox christian religion and of hindu civilization too. He had
a great respect toward confucianism, esteem
ed it as a great
spiritual heritage, which could be used in creation of a new
global alternative ideological platform. At the same time he
thought that the orthodox christian religion is the best star
ting point with which the western ideology could be depreca
ted and new eurasian doctrine could be formed.
Finally, Panarin has formulated specific cultural strategy,
whose main task was to facilitate realization of the eurasian
project. First, it should serve as a sort of filter by which all the
negative western influences would be distilled, and second,
regarding ex-soviet states, it should promote three principles:
transparency, cooperation an integration.
Panarin, who uses his geocultural approach concerning pro
blems of the eurasian integration, distiguinshes himself from
all other contemporary theoreticians of eurasianism. His
work is a precious contribution to the european thought and
can be a pattern for further contemplation in similar direc
tion.
Key words: traditions, religions, civilizations, Russia, Eura
sia.

(1940-2003)

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Laruelle, Marlne, Russian Eurasianism: an ideology of empire, Woo
drow Wilson Center Press, Washington DC, 2008.
, , (
), , , 1994.
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Suboti, Milan, Put Rusije: evroazijsko stanovite, Plato, Beograd, 2004.

126

II

338.124.4(4-672 U)+ 327::911.3(497.11)

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december 2012, World Economics Association, Bristol, 2012.

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is a huge risk, Black Swan Capital, February 16, 2012.

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: BIS Locational Statistics, Table 5A: Cross-border euro-deno

minated claims and liabilities of eurozone banks How much time is left on
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14

Stratfor Global Intelligence

143

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151

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Street Insight&Indictment, April 22nd, 2013.

154

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Morning, May 15, 2013.

155

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157

Momir Bulatovic
THE ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
AND LOSS OF ITS ATTRACTIVE POWER
Resume
The Serbia demonstrates the indisputable determination to
join the EU. Independently of political reason, there is no
another reason to mention for support this decision which is
supposed to protect and realize the state interests of Serbia.
The analisis shows that the EU is in a serious crisis. The
ir economic parametres in totality but also in the members
states separately cause the concern and the conflicts and de
mand the action which, because of its constructional chara
teristics, it is not able to accomplish. The divisions between
the states members are more and more deep, although the
state of their public finances looks tragically, in the way that
there are no succesful and careless states, independently of
wishes of some power member states to prove the opposite.
Given the reality and inevitability of restructuring of EU, the
Serbia would have to take into account another options as
soon as possible. Especially the possibility to join the Euroa
sian union, with Russia as leader.
Key words: financial crisis, internal disagreements beetwe
en Member States, decline in power, the European Union,
Eurasian alternative.

().
,
,
158

...

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.
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,
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.

Bulatovi, Momir, Ekonomija i demokratija, Jumedijamont, Podgorica,

2011.

Gilani, Shah, Why Big Bank Safety Is an Illusion, Wall Street In

sight&Indictment, April 22nd, 2013.
Elsner, Wolfram, Financial Capitalism at Odds With Democ
rasy, Real-world economics review, issue 62/december
2012, World Economics Association, Bristol, 2012.
Engdahl, William, Bogovi novca, Wall Strett i propast amerikog
stoljea, Detecta, Zagreb, 2010.
Lizoain, David, The Emperor Has No Clothes, Social Europe Jo
urnal, 16 April, 2013.
Madison, Greg, Bank of Amerika and JP Morgan, Oh How Illegal
Activity Pays, Money Morning, August 13, 2013.
Melvin, Tim, Best Investments 2013: Why Hedge Funds Love
Greece, Money Morning, May 15, 2013.
159

Peetz, Dietmar; Genreith, Heerbert, The financial sector and the

real economy, Real-world economics review, issue 57/
december 2011, World Economics Association, Bristol,
2011.
Shin, Hyun Song, Is the Euro Crisis Over?, Princeton University,
Bendheim Center for Finance, Spring Alumni Event,
New York, April 18, 2012.
Fitz-Gerald, Keit, Enjoy the Rally While it Lasts, Super Mario
Draghis Bazooka is a Dud, Money Morning, September
7, 2012.
Fitz-Gerald, Keith, QE Infinity Wont Work, But Here, Money
Morning, ctober 18, 2012.
Hutchinson, Martin, The Secret System that Blew Another Hole
in the Euro, Money Morning, april, 25. 2012.
Crooks, Jack, If it works for ECB, Black Swan, April 03, 2012.
Crooks, Jack, Currency Currents, Black Swan Capital, August 13,
2013.
Crooks, Jack, Currency Currents, Black Swan Capital, August 30,
2013.
BIS Locational Statistics, Table 5A: Cross-border euro-denominated cla
ims and liabilities of eurozone banks
BIS reports Bank Exposure to Euro area countries facing market pres
sure (by Calculate Risk), BIS Quarterly Review, June 2010.

Statement by the Heads of State or Governement of the Euro Area

and EU Institutions, July, 2011.
How much time is left on the clock, The Economist, November
21, 2011. by R.A.
Current Currency Conundrum: Dollar and Euro dependence is a
huge risk, Black Swan Capital, February 16, 2012.
Eurostat
Stratfor Global Intelligence
www.blackswantrading.com

160

327+339.92(510:4-11-191.2)(510:497.11)

. ,
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(Halford Mackinder) :
Heartland-;
*

(IDCPC)
(CCCWS)

161

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, .

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. 2011.
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163

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. 2011.
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.
Yu Hongjun
PROMOTING CHINA-CENTRAL EASTERN EUROPE AND
CHINA-SERBIA RELATIONS TO ACHIEVE GREATER DE
VELOPMENT
Resume
Starting from Mackinder's postulates about importance of
the Central and Eastern Europe in the international affa
165

irs, we can conclude that these regions play a pivotal role

in the upcoming Eurasianism and multipolarism. Without
denying that Eurasianism originally comes from a Russian
geopolitical thought, now other states and civilizations have
their own approach to this concept, and vision of polycen
tric world order.China is among them, as rising power in
various aspects. Since it is the most powerful autochthonous
power in Eurasia, globally confronted with the U.S., conse
quently, its influence in Central and Eastern Europe is gro
wing noticeably. For now, it is the most represented in the
field of trade, investment, finance, infrastructure, tourism
and some manufacturing sectors, and also in different as
pects of the political, cultural, scientific and other coopera
tion. This interdependence between two European regions
on the one hand, and China on the other hand, is raised to
higher levels. This new relationship also involves Serbia,
which has traditionally good relations with China. China
provides concrete support to Serbia in a very delicate period
- when its territorial integrity and economic survival are
threatened. Although there is strategic partnership between
two countries, China is interested in intensifying of the rela
tions and other forms of cooperation. Outstanding geopoliti
cal position of Serbia in the Balkans has significant potential
for the realization of mutual interests.
Key words: Eurasianism, trade, strengthening cooperation,
Central and Eastern Europe, Serbia, China.

,
,
,
166

...

.
,



. -
.

, ,
.
,
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.
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: , ,
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167

Yu Hongjun*

327+339.92(510:4-11-191.2)(510:497.11)

PROMOTING CHINA-CENTRAL EASTERN

EUROPE AND CHINA-SERBIA RELATIONS TO
ACHIEVE GREATER DEVELOPMENT
Abstract
The author claims that Chinas influence in Central and Eastern Europe is rapidly growing. For now, it is the most represented in the field of trade, investment, finance, infrastructure, tourism and some manufacturing sectors, and also in
different aspects of the political, cultural, scientific and other
cooperation. This interdependence between two European
regions on the one hand, and China on the other hand, is
raised to higher levels. This new relationship also involves
Serbia, which has traditionally good relations with China.
China provides concrete support to Serbia in a very delicate
period - when its territorial integrity and economic survival
are threatened. Although there is strategic partnership between two countries, China is interested in intensifying of
the relations and other forms of cooperation. Outstanding
geopolitical position of Serbia in the Balkans has significant
potential for the realization of mutual interests.
Key words: Eurasianism, trade, strengthening cooperation,
Central and Eastern Europe, Serbia, China.
The British eminent Geopolitician Halford Mackinder had a famous remark: Who rules Eastern Europe commands the Heartland; Who rules the Heartland commands the World Island; Who
rules the World Island commands the World. With the development of geopolitical theory Mackinders theory is facing more
and more queries and criticism, but this cant weaken Central and
*

Vice Minister of the International Development of Central Committee of Communist Party of China (IDCPC), Director of China Center for Contemporary
World Studies (CCCWS)

169

Eastern Europes (CEE) strategic position in the world especially

in Eurasian geopolitics. Looking back to the world history, from
Ancient Greece to Macedonia, Sarajevo Assassination to the end
up of Cold War, CEE has played a very significant role in pushing
human development. Along with the development of multi-polarization, economic globalization and social informationization,
different values, ideologies, institutions and developing modes
co-exist. The confrontation and communication between them
facilitate the mutual learning, cultural fusion, and civilization integration. Located in the border region of different civilizations
and undergoing a difficult transformation, CEE countries are still
facing a variety of dilemmas, including problems of nations, religions, ideologies, institutions and so on. Well, just because of this,
the explorations of CEE countries are significant for the whole human society.
Though the concept of Eurasianism originated from the Russians introspection and exploration of their developing road, it is
no longer just a Russian concept. Some other countries like Turkey also have their own Eurasianism. In fact, even those countries
which still dont have this concept are also thinking about similar
propositions. As a trend of thought, these propositions have affected the national strategies in dimensions of both geo-cultures
and geopolitics. For example, the debates on how to deal with the
relations between Europe and Eurasian integration, and the relations between Eurasian and Euro-Atlantic integration are prevailing in CEE. In a similar vein, Chinese people are constantly redefining themselves: is China an East Asian Country or an Asian
Country, what is our common goal, and so on. These questions,
which reflect problems about cultures, identities, and developing
strategies, have linked us together and are promoting the formation of human community.
The exchanges between China and CEE date back to ancient
times. As early as over 2000 years ago, the silk road has closely
linked the two sides together. Most countries in CEE established
diplomatic ties with the Peoples Republic of China immediately
after its founding, opening a new chapter of our friendly relations.
Over the past several decades, although the international and domestic situations of both sides have undergone big changes, the
170

Yu Hongjun

PROMOTING CHINA-CENTRAL EASTERN EUROPE ...

two sides always enjoyed mutual respect, mutual trust, mutual understanding and mutual support. Our traditional friendship has
constantly deepened and cooperation in various fields has made
tremendous progress. Since we entered the new century, China
and CEE relations develop gradually in a multi-channel, widerange, and deep-level direction. First, the two-way trade grows
rapidly. In 2000, Chinas trade with CEE countries was only 3 billion U.S. dollars. In 2011, this figure came to 52.9 Billion U.S. dollars, representing an annual average growth of 32 percent. Second,
the two-way investment has been burgeoning. CEE countries have
set up approximately 2000 enterprises in China. And investment
by Chinese enterprises in these countries has also seen dynamic
growth. Third, cooperation areas have been expanding. In addition of the traditional trade and investment, our cooperation in
finance, tourism, legal service, green economy and infrastructure
has gradually increased. In the same time, the non-government
exchanges and mutual sense of identity have been constantly
strengthened. Fourth, the cooperation mechanisms have been improving. A series of bilateral agreements on economic, industrial,
scientific and technological cooperation have been signed in recent years, providing sound institutional guarantee for economic
cooperation and trade between the two sides. The joint economic
commission mechanism which has been put in place can address
major issues in our business cooperation through regular consultations. Moreover, various kinds of business forums, products
exhibitions and trade fairs we have held can provide important
platforms for business community to intensify exchange and cooperation.
Currently, the two sides are becoming increasingly interdependent with growing common interest. Enterprises from the
two sides have a strong wish for deeper cooperation. It is true
that the trade and investment scale is still relatively modest, but
as the economies of the two sides are highly complementary, we
have great potential and broad prospect for business cooperation.
China cherishes its time-honored and deep friendship with the
CEE countries. We find in you a reliable friend and key partner in
cooperation. China takes CEE as a strategic priority to implement
its market diversification and go global strategies. So, China
stands ready to work with CEE countries to innovate cooperation
171

ways and broaden cooperation areas. It is sure that the economic

and trade cooperation between the two sides will come to a larger
scale, broader scope and deeper level.
China has deep traditional friendship with Serbia. In 1955, the
two sides established formal diplomatic relationship. In the past
several decades, the international situation and domestic situations of both the two sides have changed a lot while China-Serbia
relationship enjoyed a smooth development. In the 1990s, when
Yugoslavian people were suffering the disaster of war, Chinese
government and people firmly stood with Yugoslavian people. In
2006, when Serbia inherited the status of Serbia and Montenegro
in international law, China timely changed the embassys name
from Embassy of the peoples Republic of China in Serbia and
Montenegro to Embassy of Peoples Republic of China in the
Republic of Serbia. In August of 2009, China and Serbia issued
a joint statement on the decision to build a strategic partnership,
opening a new page of China-Serbia relationship. In recent years,
the two sides maintained close high-level contacts and deepened
political trust. Meanwhile, the two sides maintained close communication and mutual support in international affairs. Both sides
insist that, people from different countries have rights to choose
the development road according to their own circumstances. The
difference of institutions, ideologies and values system shouldnt
be an obstacle of international relations. China respects Serbias
sovereign independence, territorial integrity, and the development road. And China appreciates Serbias support in certain issues. China respects Serbias strive to blend in the process of European integration. China is willing to deepen China-Serbia mutual
beneficial cooperation and push the strategic partnership to gain
further development.
Along with the healthy development of political relations, the
two sides also actively promote economical and cultural cooperation. The inter-party exchanges and parliamentary exchanges are
in a trend of constantly increasing. The cooperation in terms of
culture, education, science, technology, sports, agriculture, military sector are in a sound situation. The local and people-to-people exchanges are on the rise. The two-way trade is growing with a
sound development momentum. In 2011, China-Serbia trade has
172

Yu Hongjun

PROMOTING CHINA-CENTRAL EASTERN EUROPE ...

come to 475 U.S. million dollars, with a growth of 18.7%. In 2012,

this figure has come to 514.5 million U.S. dollars, with an increase
of 8.5%. Of course, we need to recognize that the two-way trade
volume is still relatively low, so in future years, we should continue
our endeavor of strengthening political communication, enlarging the trade and mutual investment volume, and deepening cultural communication. Working for the peoples tangible benefits
of the two countries is our great historical mission.

,

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Yu Hongjun

PROMOTING CHINA-CENTRAL EASTERN EUROPE ...

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, , Is it really possible to
decouple GDP Growth from EnergyGrowth? http://ourfiniteworld.
com/2011/11/15/is-it-rea lly-possible-to-decouple-gdp-growth-from-energygrowth/ ( 12. 2013.)

, 8,36
2012. . http://www.worldbank.org/en/
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http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/statistical-review/Country%20reports/
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2011.
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2001, Centre for Civil-Military Relations, Belgrade, (03. June 2005 - Occasional
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10

Non-fossil fuels to take up 11.4% of Chinas energy use, 2011-03-04, Xinhua

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11

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13

: http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/10/10/data-show-chinapassing-us-as-biggest-oil-importer-as-economic-growth-car-sales/

14

. , http://cornerstonemag.net/chinas-changing-energymix-an-interview-with-fan-bi/ ( 12. 2013.)

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Asia:the Changing Roles of Iran,Turkey, Pakistan and China, SAPRA Foundation,
New Delhi, 2003, pp.1-20.

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Emilian Kavalski, Whom to Follow? Central Asia between the EU and China,
China Report, Institut of Chinese Studies, SAGE publications, 43:1, 2007, p.52.

18

Emilian Kavalski, Whom to Follow? Central Asia between the EU and China,
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ons, Journal of Democracy, National Endowment for Democracy and The Johns
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. 113-130.

22

Venera Galyamova, Central Asian Countries and China: Managing the Transi
tion, in Zhang Yunling (Ed.), China - Central Asian Countries: Making New Part
nership, Social Science Academic Press, China, 2010, pp.296-303.

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25 Bruce Pannier, Radio Free Europe, Pipeline Explosion Raises Tensions Between
Turkmenistan, Russia April 14, 2009. : http://www.rferl.org/content/

188

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Pipeline_Explosion_Stokes_Tensions_Between_Turkmenistan_Russia/1608633.
html
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190

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Dragana Mitrovic, Dragan Trailovic

GEOPOLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE CHINESE
ENERGY STRATEGY IN CENTRAL ASIA
Resume
Enormous surge in Chinese energy demand that was result
of her rapid and high economic growth for the lasts thirty fo
ur years has made tremendous impact on world energy mar
ket as well as on the geopolitics of energy. When trying to im
prove her energy security with an attempt to geographically
diversify its regions of supply of oil and gas China turned
towards Russia and Central Asia states that are her part
ners from Shanghai Cooperation Organization - the region
over which an intense geopolitical power game was going on
since 1991. Chinese win-win strategy for economic coope
ration with no political preconditioning, enormous financial
surpluses and ability to do business even in the most dif
ficult
surroundings have robustly built up Chinese geopolitical in
fluence in the region.
Key words: China, Central Asia, energy security, win-win
cooperation, geopolitical influence
,

34
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of Iran,Turkey, Pakistan and China, SAPRA Foundation, New
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, , . 1/2011,
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,

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The Diversified Employment of Chinas Armed Forces, April 2013.

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Americas Military Leadership, . 12-13.

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Carrier Ambitions: An Update, Naval War College Review, Annapolis, Vol.63,
No.1, Winter 2010. ,

.
: Evans Michael, Power and Paradox: Asian Geopolitics
and Sino-American Relations in the 21st Century, Orbis , Foreign Policy Research
Institute, Vol.55, Issue 1, 2011.

36

18. , 2012. ,
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2013. 12.
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http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/special/18cpcnc/index.htm, 25/11/2012.
37

Maritime power key to Chinas future, http://english.peo

pledaily.com.cn/90786/8351462.html, 10/08/2013.

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: Nan Li, The Evolution of Chinas Naval Strategy and Capabilities: From Near
Coast and Near Seas to Far Seas, : The Chinese Navy: Expanding
Capabilities, Evolving Roles, (eds: P hillip C. Saunders, Christopher Yung, Michael
Swaine and Andrew Nien-Dzu Yang), Center for the Study of Chinese Military
Affairs, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, Was
hington DC, pp. 109-140.

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Security, World Security Institute, Vol. 6, No.3., 2010, p.8.

40

2013.
,
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(), ,
, . Li Xiaokun, China sails through first
island chain, , http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2013-08/02/con
tent_16863833.htm, 05/08/2013 Chinese naval fleet enters Pacific Ocean thro
ugh Osumi Strait, http://eng.mod.gov.cn/Photos/2013-08/23/content_4463103.
htm, 25/08/2013.

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30/10/2011.
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2013.
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Chinese paper advises PLA Navy to build overseas military bases, http://www.
china-defense-mashup.com/chinese-paper-advises-pla-navy-to-build-overseasmilitary-bases.html, 12/01/2013.

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Brookings Institution Press, Chatham House, Washington D.C. and London, 2008,
pp. 56-72.

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ilway and Chinas Grand Strategy, Naval War College Review, Annapolis, Summer
2013, Vol.66, No.3. p.53. ,
(Wang Jisi),
,
(
). Wang Jisi, Marching Westwards:The Reba
lancing of Chinas Geostrategy, International and Strategic Studies Report, Center
for International and Strategic Studies, Peking, No.73, October 2012.

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225

Ivan M. Zaric
EURASIAN GEOPOLITICAL AND GEOSTRATEGIC PER
SPECTIVES OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Resume
Geopolitical changes in the modern world have led to a diffe
rent roles of individual international subject related to their
Cold War position. The most significant change was obser
ved related to the position of PR China, which is, due to its
economical growth, searching the way to redefine its appro
ach to international affairs. Strong Chinese economic growth
produced the rise of its military power, while the geograp
hic concentration of industry in coastal areas has led to the
shifting of its geopolitical pivot from continental toward sea
power strategic option, putting China into a position of gre
at power that can generate integrated geopolitical, land-sea
orientation. Active approach to two strategic directions in
the future will be closely linked, given that further strengthe
ning of the primary thalasocratic option largely depends on
maintaining a situation of reduced strategic pressure at the
Eurasian flank. In order to maintain a situation of reduced
strategic pressure at thelurocratic direction, Chinese basis ac
tion toward Eurasia will be economic initiatives. The goal
of these initiatives will be making favorable relations with
Eurasian countries, especially with Russia, having in mind
the history of relations between those two countries. Thala
socratic direction will be primary Chinese geopolitical ori
entation, with objective to prevent the U.S. containment in
the Asia- Pacific region and to create favorable geostrategic
conditions to meet the national interests at both oceans, the
Pacific and the Indian, which are vital for the Peoples Repu
blic of China.
Key words: geopolitics, geostrategy, geoeconomics, energy
security, China, Eurasia.

226

...

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, , 2012, vol. 64, . 1.
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Bulletin on the Preliminary Verification Data of GDP in 2012.

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Republic of China, International Energy Agency, 2012.
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The National Military Strategy of the United States of America: 2011
Redefinig Americas Military Leadership, February 2011.
Chinas National Defense in 2010, March 2011.
China Statistical Database 2011
http://comtrade.un.org/db/default.aspx.
Shen Dingli, Dont shun the idea of setting up overseas military ba
se,
http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2010-01/28/con
tent_19324522.htm.
Li Xiaokun, China sails through first island chain, http://www.china
daily.com.cn/china/2013-08/02/content_16863833.htm,

John Mauldin, The Geopolitics Of China, http://www.investor

sinsight.com/blogs/john_mauldins_outside_the_box/
archive/2008/06/12/the-geopolitics-of-china.aspx.
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content_28130104.htm.
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fence Markets in APAC by 2015, http://press.ihs.com/
press-release/defense-risk-security/china-exceed-com
bined-defence-budget-all-other-key-defence-marke.
http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/special/18cpcnc/index.htm.
Maritime power key to Chinas future, http://english.people
daily.com.cn/90786/8351462.html, 10/08/2013.
Chinese naval fleet enters Pacific Ocean through Osumi Stra
it,
http://eng.mod.gov.cn/Photos/2013-08/23/con
tent_4463103.htm.
Chinese paper advises PLA Navy to build overseas military ba
ses, http://www.china-defense-mashup.com/chinesepaper-advises-pla-navy-to-build-overseas-military-ba
ses.html.

230

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, ,
.
Zoran Petrovic Pirocanac
ARGUMENTS WHY THE EUROASIAN UNION INSTEAD
OF EUROPEAN UNION EXEMPLE OF CHINA
Resume
The idea of harmony, which emerges from the Chinese cul
ture since milleniums, is enriched today by the principles of
the authentic non allignement too, and by the efforts for the
development of all countries of the world, for the diminishing
of the powerty, and a chance for all to have a sustainable
development. China, as an important lever of the BRICS, is
a good example for the justifiableness of all assertions on a
planetary prospective of gradual uniting of countries on the
principles qualitatively different from thoseimposed to the
world by the American/NATO - economic - political - mi
litary conception. BRICS emerges not only as a powerfull
international institution, united in the principle of the more
just organizing of the economic life of the important part of
the planet, but also as a space which clearly wants more har
mony in relationships and a life for a future too. With this
deep entering into the waters of the nonalignment BRICS
meets, as a matter of fact, the philosophical principles of the
ancient Chinese Confucian geopolitics. Serbia, for a long ti
me tortured by the choice of which way to go, its political
class first of all, at this hour too, does not know where are the
allies. The author sees BRICS as an option that will help to
our country to relatively quickly straighten itself, to move to
wards development helped by the more decided relationships
with BRICS, after decades of stagnation and decline, dange
rous for its survival. Throwing light upon economic and poli
tical principles of China, the author finally also supports re
solutely the realization of the century long Serbian economic
251

dream, the construction of the Water bridge Belgrade-The

saloniki, Inland navigation line Morava - Vardar. This is a
project that China and Russia are able to support financially
and it will influence decisivelly the development of Serbia, its
geopolitical position and its strong start for a happier future.

Key words: BRICS, nonalignment, global governance, mul

tipolar world, Spenglerian ruin, Full Spectrum Dominan
ce obsession, Second Eurasian land bridge, Water bridge
Belgrade-Thesaloniki

,
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, Full Spectrum Dominance,
,
.

Barthlmy, Courmont, Chine, La grande sduction. Essai sur le soft po

wer chinois, Paris, ditions Choiseul, 2009.
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1997.
, ; , ; , ;
, ; , ,
-: -,
, colibri, , 1995.
Engdahl, William F., Eurasian Economic Boom And Geopolitics: Chi
nas Land Bridge to Europe; The China-Turkey High Speed
Railway, Global Research, Centre for Research on Globaliza
tion (CRG), Montreal, April 27, 2012.
Liang, Qiao; Xiangsui, Wang, La guerre hors limite, prface de Michel
Jan, Rivages poche/Petite Bibliothque, Paris, 2006.
, , 21. ,
, e a
, , ,
2004.
253

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Inevitable? International Security, Vol. 30, 2, Fall 2005.
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H.J. Mackinder, Democratic ideals and reality, Constable and company LTD,
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256

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4

: Graham . Chapman, The Geopolitics of South Asia From

Early Empires to the Nclear Age, Farnham, Ashgate, 2009, p. 285, 287-288.

: ( )
( ). sarvatra ()
: , varjayet () : () -
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( )

:
-
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, ( )
.

: David M. Malone, Does the Elephant Dance Contemporary

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257

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.

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Syam Saran, Present dimensions of the Indian foreign policy, : Indian Foreign
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Jane R. McIntosh, The Ancient Indus Valley New Perspectives, ABC-CLIO,

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Burton Stein, A History of India, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, 2010, p. 47; Her

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16. ,
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Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, op. cit., p. 159.

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Ibid, p. 214.

13

Shivshankar Menon, Indias Foreign Policy: The Challenges Ahead, (Talk delive
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, ,
( - 1962.

),
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.

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14

David M. Malone, op. cit., p. 158.

15

Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, op.cit., pp. 352-353.

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Harsh V. Pant, Contemporary Debates in Indian Foreign and SecurIty Policy, Pal
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260

...

, -90 .

.
,

.17 2013.
,

- (

).18
, .
2004-2009.
, -
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.20
.
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50 .21


, . 2011.

.22 , ,
, .23
.
17

Ibid, pp. 47, 48.

18

http://www.jagran.com/news/
national-aircraft-carrier-gorshkov-to-begin-final-acceptance-trials-10534578.
html (1.9.2013)

19

David M. Malone, op.cit., p. 236.

20

http://indiainbusiness.nic.in/trade/trade_commercial_relation.html (1.9.2013)

21

Harsh V. Pant, ibid, p. 48; David M. Malone, op.cit., p. 239-240.

22
23

http://hindi.ruvr.ru/2011/12/17/62402143/
(1.9.2013)

- http://www.jagran.com/news/worldrussia-wants-india-pakistan-in-sco-9243853.html (1.9.2013)

261

.
-

, ,
,
,

.24


.
,

.


.

.
.25
,
.
2006.
()
. A
,
( )

,

.26
-,
24

Rup Narayan Das, The BRICS New Delhi Summit: The Way Forward, Indian
Foreign Affairs Journal, Vol. 7, No. 2, AprilJune 2012, p. 201.

25

Indias explanation of vote delivered by Ambassador Asoke Kumar Mukerji,

Permanent Representative at the United Nations General Assembly - Resolution
on Syria on May 15, 2013 http://www.un.int/india/2013/pmi36.pdf (2.9.2013)

26

Harsh V. Pant, op. cit, p. 126.

262

...

quid pro quo

.

.

,
,

.

.

.
,

.27
.

.
,

.28
.

.29


,

.30 ,
27

How India dealt with Iran without treading on U.S. toes http://www.thehindu.
com/news/national/how-india-dealt-with-iran-without-treading-on-us-toes/artic
le4715350.ece (2.9.2013)

28

: David M. Malone, op. cit., pp. 240-241.

29

: http://www.
deshbandhu.co.in/newsdetail/185740/1/20 (2.9.2013)

30

David M. Malone, op. cit., p. 241.

263

( -
), .31
- :


-
,
.32

,
()
.33
2005. ,
,

, ,
.34

/
(, , ).

,


.35
.
31

India-Kazakh pipeline can extend to Russia http://www.thehindu.com/news/na

tional/indiakazakh-pipeline-can-extend-to-russia/article4479632.ece (3.9.2013)

32

Anjali Ghosh, The New India-US Relationship, in: Indias Foreign Policy (ed:
Anjali Ghosh et al.), Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2007, p.138.

33

Rup Narayan Das, India-China Relations A New Paradigm, Institute for Defen
ce Studies and analyses, New Delhi, 2013 , pp. 93-94.

34

Ibid, p. 94.

35

H.J. Mackinder, op. cit., p. 92.

264

...

,
.
,
.
1962. .
.
, .
,
. ,


. ,
, ,
.
,
.

- 1962.
, ,
- .
,

,
-
,

1992. .36 ,

1998. ,
II, , ,
,
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36

Abhijit Ghosh, India and Russia: Towards New Strategic Relations, in: Indias
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160.

37

Ibid, pp. 172, 174.

265

2001. .
,
.

-- -e-,


.38
.
, ,
2007.

. ,

, -
, 2007.
.39 , -
.

2012. .40

.
,41 .

. -
, , .42
.
.
38

David M. Malone, op. cit., p. 168.

39

Ibid, pp. 139, 169, 170.

40

http://indiainbusiness.nic.in/trade/trade_commercial_relation.html (5.9.2013)

41

http://mea.gov.in/bil at er al-doc um ents.htm?dtl/19158/Fou rth+BRICS+Sum

mit++Delhi+Declaration (5.9.2013)

42

Abhijit Ghosh, op. cit., p. 174; David M. Malone, op. cit., p. 188;
-
http://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases-hi.htm?dtl/639/
UNSC+resolution+on+Libya++Indias+Explanation+of+Vote (5.9.2013);

266

...

,
,
- ,

.43


, ,
.


, .
:
,

.

67 ..,

3.000
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,


.
.

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43

-
http://hindi.ruvr.ru/2013_09_04/240698381/?bottom=news
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44

Jawaharlal Nehru, The Discovery of India, Oxford University Press, Oxford-New

York, 1985, pp. 192-200.

267

,
,
.45 ,
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,

1976.
1979. .

1988. .


,
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1998.

, (

),
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,
.

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.

.49
45

David M. Malone, op. cit., p. 155.

46

Li Li, Indias Security Concept and Its China Policy in the Post-Cold War Era,
Chinese Journal of International Politics, Vol. 2, 2008, p. 246.

47

Ibid, p. 244.

48

Ibid, p. 250.

49

http://indiainbusiness.nic.in/trade/trade_commercial_relation.html (7.9.2013)

268

...

,
,
,
,
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. ,
(
)
.
,
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. ,

1999.
.50 , -
- .
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.
, ,
.

-.

,
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. ,
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.
50

David M. Malone, op. cit., p. 146.

51

Vinod Khanna, Indias Soft Balancing with China and the US in the Twenty-first
Century, Indian Foreign Affairs Journal, Vol. 6, No. 3, July-September 2011, p.
295; Rup Narayan Das, op. cit., pp. 104-105.

269

.
,
.
,
, ,
.
, .


,
, .52
Marko Pejkovic

THE GEOPOLITICS OF INDIA

IN THE EURASIAN CONTEXT
Resume
This paper will analyze the geopolitics of India. The under
standing of contemporary geopolitical processes of the eura
sian soil is not possible without considering the geopolitics
of India. Also, contemporary geopolitical research is incom
prehensive without taking into account some historical and
geographical coordinates. Therefore, the paper begins with
an overview of a geopolitical tendencies in the Indias hi
story until Indias independence in 1947, and the position
which South Asia occupies in the classical geopolitical con
cepts. Three successive parts of the paper are dedicated to the
Indias relations with three other key geopolitical players in
Eurasia Russia, USA and China.
Key words: geopolitics of India, India, South Asia, Eurasia,
non-alignment

52

Rong Ying, China-India Relations: New Starting Point and New Framework
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272

...

- http://www.jagran.com/
news/world-russia-wants-india-pak istan-in-sco-9243853.
html
How India dealt with Iran without tread
ing on U.S. toes http://www.
thehindu.com/news/national/how-india-dealt-with-iran-wit
hout-treading-on-us-toes/article4715350.ece
: http://
www.deshbandhu.co.in/newsdetail/185740/1/20
India-Kazakh pipeline can extend to Russia http://www.thehindu.
com/news/national/indiakazakh-pipeline-can-extend-to-rus
sia/article4479632.ece
-
http://hindi.ruvr.
ru/2013_09_04/240698381/?bottom=news
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mework
http://www.ciis.org.cn/english/2011-08/10/con
tent_4395790.htm
http://indiainbusiness.nic.in/trade/trade_commercial_relation.html
Indias explanation of vote delivered by Ambassador Asoke Kumar
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www.un.int/india/2013/pmi36.pdf

273

III
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chatterbelt . , .

, ,
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(The Eastern Europe Gateway), ,
21. , chatterbelt.
: Saul B. Cohen, Geopolitics of the World System, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,
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. ()
,
. : Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of
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S. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, . 154.

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,
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: 1)
, 2)

3)
.
Milomir Stepic
GEOGRAPHIC AND ETHNO-CIVILIZATION
FOUNDATIONS OF THE EURASIAN GEOPOLITICAL
INTEGRATION OF SERBIA
Resume
Integration processes have become a synonim of the postmodern period. Globalization, as the creation of the overall
planetary system, is projected as the ultimate outcome, and
the Western, transatlantic integrations are functioning in
that direction. Their expansion is in uncompromising con
flict against any kind of resistance. The political nomencla
ture of Serbia has proclaimed its pro-Western orientation as
without alternative under the endless ultimative requests.
That course is being justified by the still outstanding super
iority of trans-Atlanticism, personified in EU and NATO,
and also by the fact that their expansion has already inclu
ded most of Serbian neighbours. However, the analysis of the
long-term, strategic wold geopolitical trends puts in question
306

- ...

the usefulness of the Serbian inclusion into the Euro-Atlantic

integration.
Geographic, ethno-civilization and geopolitical arguments
point to the essential incompatibility of the Serbian factor
with trans-Atlanticism. According to that, joining the EU
and NATO as economic-political-military organizations
of the West would have negative effects for the long-term
Serbian national interests. On the other hand, (neo)Eura
sianism appears as an integration version. The analogous
application of the geographic, ethno-civilization and geopo
litical estimation points to the far greater degree of consent
between the features of Serbian nation and space and that
conception. In the context of future (neo)Eurasian multipo
lar structure of the world, the projected Serbian position in
the geopolitical rift which (again) divides Balkan will be
very delicate.
Key words: geographic and civilization heterogeneity, geo
political trends, integration, Serbia, Eurasia.

-

. ,
,
, ,
.

.

''
''.
,
,
307

. ,
,

-
.
, -

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Mackinder, Halford John, The Geog raphical Pivot of History, Geo
graphical Journal, 23(1904), The Royal Geographical Society,
London, 1904.
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Peace, Democratic Ideals and Relity, National Defense Uni
versity Press, Washington, DC., 1996. / /
( : H. J. Mackinder, The Round World
and the Winning of the Peac e, Foreign Affairs, July 1943, Co
uncil on Foreign Relations, Inc., New York, 1943.)
Mackinder, Halford John, Democratic Ideals and Reality, National De
fense University Press, Washington, DC., 1996. /
/ ( : H. J. Mackinder, Democratic
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; , , 2001.
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and/or Euro-asianism, Megatrend review, Vol 2 (2) 2005, Me
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, , 2008.
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, , 2012.
, , :
, ,
VIII, vol. 14, 2/2012, ,
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, , 2012.
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, , , 2013.
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24-25. 2013. -
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- , 2013. (
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Huntington, Samuel P., The Clash of Civilizations?, Foreign Affairs, vol.
72, 3, summer 1993, Council on Foreign Relations, Inc.,
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World Order, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1996.
, , , , ,
2, ; ;
; , 1991.

310

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Cohen, Saul B., Geopolitics of the World System, Rowman & Littlefield
Publishers, Inc., Lanham /Maryland/, 2003.
* * *
, , , 2001.
* * * , , , 2007.
www.geopolitica.ru/Maps/3/ ( 25.08.2013.)
www.geopolitica.ru/Maps/4/ ( 25.08.2013.)
www.imf.org ( 24.08.2013.)
www.nspm.rs ( 22. 2013.)
www.sipri.org ( 26.08.2013.)
, 14.08.2013.

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H. Kissinger, Interview in Business Week. 23 December 1974. (Reproduced in

Department of State Bulletin), 27. January 1975. . 106.

(23% 47,5
); 6,3% (14,7 ) /
/ www.mnr.
gov.ru/old_site/part/?act=print&id=622&pid=122; . . ,
, , , 1993. . 383;
BP // Statistical Review of World Energy 2009.

314

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644257B160051BF7F

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29. 2004.
12. 1999.
29. 2004.
29. 2004.
12. 1999.
29. 2004.
29. 2004.
29. 2004.
1. 2009.
12. 1999.
29. 2004.
323

28. 2009.
1. 2007.
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12

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325

, , -
, . , ,
- ,
.
* * *
-
,
. ,
,
.

,
.
1990. ,
,
, :

(...),
.
,
, .13
, ,
,

.
,

,
,
.

,
.
13

. , , www.kazez.net/book_52092_glava_13_
VZGLJAD_S_KARUSELI.html

326

 e ...

,

,
, ,
,
. ,
.

. ,
,
.
Elena Georgievna Ponomareva
RUSSIAN ENERGY DIPLOMACY AS A FACTOR
OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION (SERBIAN EXAMPLE)
Summary
Energy diplomacy is in modern conditionsone of the most
effective mechanisms to promote state interests in global eco
nomy and politics. This relatively new type of foreign policy
is a logical consequence of the development of society in postindustrial era, when the energy component determines the
strength, weight and role of a state in the world economy.
That is precisely why energy diplomacy is one of Russian
priorities. A special place among spaces associated with the
energy interests of the Russian Federation is undoubtedly oc
cupied by the Balkans, namely, Serbia. It is not only con
nected with the construction of the South Stream and the
activity of Zarubezhneft and other Russian companies in
the region, but also determined by political and geostrategic
return of Russia in this historically and culturally close and
important region and by including it into the Eurasian inte
gration project.
Key words: energy diplomacy, geopolitics, South Stream,
Eurasian integration, Serbia,Russia

327

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, . ... , 2012.
, .., I
, . I ,
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, .., ,
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, , 3. . 2011.
Statistical Review of World Energy 2009.
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va_13_VZGLJAD_S_KARUSELI.html
2030. (

13 2009 . 1715-.) www.minenergo.gov.
ru/activity/energostrategy
. www.mid.ru/bdomp/ns-dipe
con.nsf/466c59993f439bf843256a0c003fb8c4/8bc9fec539eaca
72c32570bd002c1684!OpenDocument

, 24. 2013. www.news.
kremlin.ru/ref_notes/1461
,
.. 12. 2013. www.mid.ru/brp_4.
nsf/0/6D84DDEDEDBF7DA644257B160051BF7F.
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H. Kissenger, Interview in Business Week. 23 December 1974. (Reproduced in

Department of State Bulletin), 27. January 1975. . 106.

(23
% 47,5 ); 6,3 % (14,7 ) /

332

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, , 1993. . 383; BP //
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347

Elena Georgievna Ponomareva

RUSSIAN ENERGY DIPLOMACY AS A FACTOR
OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION
(SERBIAN EXAMPLE)
Resume
Energy diplomacy is in modern conditionsone of the most
effective mechanisms to promote state interests in global eco
nomy and politics. This relatively new type of foreign policy
is a logical consequence of the development of society in postindustrial era, when the energy component determines the
strength, weight and role of a state in the world economy.
That is precisely why energy diplomacy is one of Russian
priorities. A special place among spaces associated with the
energy interests of the Russian Federation is undoubtedly oc
cupied by the Balkans, namely, Serbia. It is not only con
nected with the construction of the South Stream and the
activity of Zarubezhneft and other Russian companies in
the region, but also determined by political and geostrategic
return of Russia in this historically and culturally close and
important region and by including it into the Eurasian inte
gration project.
Key words: energy diplomacy, geopolitics, South Stream,
Eurasian integration, Serbia,Russia

, ..,

, , 3, 2010.
, ., ,
. 21. , . 2010.
Kissenger, H., Interview in Business Week. 23 December 1974. (Repro
duced in Department of State Bulletin), 27. January 1975.
, ..,
, . ... , 2012.
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va_13_VZGLJAD_S_KARUSELI.html
2030. (

13 2009 . 1715-.) www.minenergo.gov.
ru/activity/energostrategy
. www.mid.ru/bdomp/ns-dipe
con.nsf/466c59993f439bf843256a0c003fb8c4/8bc9fec539eaca
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,
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327:911.3(470+571:497.11)

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42

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, 17, 13 2009 , http://news.kremlin.ru/ref_notes/424

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374

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. Modus vivendi

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381

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,
,

.
Branimir Kuljanin

THE SERBS AND FOUR DIRECTIONS

OF RUSSIAN EUROASIANISM
Resume
The Fourth World War that the United States started in or
der to finally master the region of Eurasia (after the collapse
of east-european socialism and the end of the Soviet Union)
is ongoing. It began with attack on Serbs in 1991, and it is
raging in Syria nowadays.
Modern Russian Eurasian (geo) politics contains three areas
of particular interest for the Serbs: 1) civilization-EasternChristian or Orthodox, 2) ethnic-Slavic and 3) Slavic-Tur
kish or Christian-Islamic. We must also take on account
fourth area- Asia-Pacifics beacause the center of the world
moves from the Atlantic to the Pacific basin. What is the
relationship between Serbian and Russian geopolitics and
where do they converge or perhaps diverge?
Serbs are now divided in several states, and so are the Russi
ans, this opens question of building the common strategy to
overcome the situation in which we find ourselves. The que
stion is twofold: to determine the position of our civilization
in the idea of Eurasian unity and how to achieve it. The defi
nition of goals is only the first task. We may encounter many
dif
ficulties in implementing the Eurasian geopolitics not only
because of the opposition of others, but also because of the
382

...

alien
ation of political elites, and even the people themselves,
as the result of its own recklessness and modern war waged
against them.
The world enters into a global depression which is likely to
lead to the emergence of macro-region, a kind of restoration
of the old empires. Russia has the capacity to develop infra
structure with which it creates its macro-region relying on
the historical and cultural ties with fellow countries.
Key words: The Fourth World War, the Byzantine civiliza
tion, Slavs, Muslims, political ideology, Indo-European ide
as, geopolitical strategy, global depression.

,
,

.
1991 ., .
, ,
,
: 1)
, 2)
3) -, ..
-.
- ,

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?
, ,


,
383

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,
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.
: a ,
, , ,
, - ,
,

, ., ,
, 5, , 2013.
, ., ,
, 1 (1637), , 2013.
, , , , , 1999.
, ,

-.: M, M, 2011.
, , , 1 2,
, , 2008.
, , ,
(. , .),
- , , 2012.
384

...

, , ,
, 2/2012,
, , 2012.
, , ,
, , 2010.
, ,
, 3/4 (1632), , 2012.
, , , , ,
1996.
, ., ,
,
, M, 1995.
, ., ,
, 2000.
, ., , , ,
2001.
, .,
. http://www.
patriotica.ru/books/panar_globprog/
, ., , , ,
2006.
, ., (),
5, , 2013.
, .,
, , , 2009.
, M, ,
, , 2004.
, .,
, , ,
, , 2003.
, ., ,
, , , 1995.
, , ,
, http://fakti.org/globotpor/quo-va
dis-orbi/ivas ov-amer ika-postaj e-glob alni-bandit-zato-odobame-pravi-novog-firera (9. 9. 2013.)
, -, M, 2008.
385

National Security Strategy of the United States of America, May 2010,

http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/na
tional_security_strategy.pdf
National Military Strategy of the United States of America, 2011, http://
www.jcs.mil/content/fil es/2011-02/020811084800_2011_
NMS_-_08_FEB_2011.pdf

2020 , 13 2009 , http://news.kremlin.ru/ref_no
tes/424
http://www.b92.net/vid eo/vid eo.php?nav_cat eg ory=907&nav_
id=748836 (1. 09. 2013.)

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. ,
divide et impera,
,

.

Rimland-o
. , Rimland-
,
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: , ,
, , , ,
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, .

387

,
(Samuel Huntington)
.

( )
(Arnold Toynbee). ,
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, , --,
, , , , , (
) (-).
,
( - )
: ,
.

, -
,

1.
,
,
: ,
, , , , , ,
( ), , ,
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-, -,
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neses of Civilizations. Volumes I-IV. Oxford University Press, New York, 1974.

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,
:
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, . ,
:

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,
.

1993-1994. a

(15 20 ),
3.
,
, .
4.
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.
.
,
, .
,
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, .
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!?
( ):
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(Gamal Abdel Nasser)
( ),
6.
:
,
,
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,
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(, , , ,
),
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400

, ...

conditio sine qua non ,

.
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.
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-, .

,
, 28.
Grossraum ,


,
.

, ,
,
.

- , (-
-),
29.

28

, , . 2, , , 2004, .
90.

29

-
-
: Petr N. Savickij, estina svta. Rusko jako zempisn a historick celek. Melan
trich, Praha 1933, str. 147-148.

401

,

( )
.
-
,
- .

,
,
.


,

.
,
,

.

.30


, ( ).
.
,

. ,


.
,
30

: Osvald Spengler, Znik Zpadu. Obrysy morfologie svtovch d

jin. Academia, Praha, 2010.

402

, ...

.
, ( )
,
. ,

,
. ,

.

.
Dusan Prorokovic
EURASIAN
ISM, ATLANTICISM AND THEORY
OF CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS IN THE BALKANS
Resume
Contrary to widely extended hypothesis about inevitable
clash of civilizations, orthodox Christians and Muslim pe
ople on the Balkans have to think about the cooperation of
civilizations. The clash of civilizations between orthodox
Christians and Muslims on the Balkans would be damaging
for both sides and at the end would only contribute to put
ting this region under strong and total control of the West.
That is why the existing differences must be solved and the
rising of new differences must be prevented. This can only
be done by changing the existing geopolitical paradigm and
turning towards the euroasianism. This seems to be the only
way to keep the basic cultural and spiritual values which can
significantly help in keeping ethno-religious balance. Only in
such circumstances can there be a talk about stabilization of
relations and mutual cooperation.
Key words: Atlanticism, Eurasianism, The Clash of Civi
lizations, Islam, Orthodoxy, Geo-strategy, Geopolitics and
Balkan.

403

,

.



.,

.

. ,

, -
.

.
: , ,
, , , ,
,

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rije EU integracije, Filip Vinji, Beograd, 2004.
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sophy And Philosophers, Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi,
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Policies. Little, Brown, and Co, Boston, 1900. [Kindle version]
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grad, 2009.
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politika.ru/Articles/1361)
Savickij, Petr, N., estina svta. Rusko jako zempisn a historick celek,
Melantrich, Praha, 1933.
Spengler, Osvald, Znik Zpadu. Obrysy morfologie svtovch djin,
Academia, Praha,2010.
Spykman, Nicolas J., The Geography of the Peace, Harcourt nad Co, New
York, 1944.

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of Civilizations, Volumes I-IV, Oxford University Press, New
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1

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6(1)2009, str. 27-54.

: ,
,
, , 2013.

Karl Ernst Haushofer, Geopolitics of the Pacific Ocean and Studies in the Relationship Between Geography and History (English translation and analysis),
Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston, 2002.

. , .

Zbigniew Brzezinski, A Geostrategy for Eurasia, Foreign Affairs, September/

October 1997, pp. 50-64.

. , , . 165.

409

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Milomir Stepi, Geopolitika orijentacija Srbije: evroatlantizam i/ili evroazijstvo, Megatrend revija, vol. 2 (2), Megatrend univerzitet, Beograd, 2005. str. 10.

410

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Milomir Stepi, Geopolitika orijentacija Srbije: evroatlantizam i/ili evroazijstvo.

10

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15

: Katarina Zaki, Ana Juri, Blagoje Babi, Uloga interkulturnog

menadmenta u strategiji razvoja ekonomskih odnosa Srbije sa Azijom, Zbornik
radova, Megatrend univerzitet, Beograd, 2008.

417

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419

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420

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. 2012.
60,15%, 59,5%. ,

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421

1: 2010 2012.
2010.
:

()

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%

4,235,200,000 57.28
2,468,149,000 33.38
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2010

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-
, .
.
,

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.
422

, , -,
.

. -
.

, .16

- .
.

. ,

.
,
.
, .
.

,
. ,

, .

16

Blagoje Babi, Jedan mogui odgovor Jugoslavije na integracije u Evropi: To

valkaniko paradigma, Meunardni problemi, 1990, br.2, str. 169-186.

423

Blagoje S. Babic
SERBIA AND NEO-EUROASIA: GEOECONOMIC ASPECT
Resume
Maneuver room for Serbia in the realm of world geopolitics
is very narrow. In world geo-economy this room is a bit la
ger, if ultimately not limited by geopolitical reasons. In such
an environment Serbia is confronted with serious challenges:
Whether to persist on Switzerland type of neutrality? Whet
her the road to Europe is the solution without any alter
native? Whether the Euro-Asia is a better solution? Alt
hough Serbia today is in extremely unfavorable geopolitical
environment, she may not accept the role of an object of the
world geopolitics. She has to be its subject notwithstanding
of the conditioning of her sovereignty. She may not cede her
destiny to anybody else. As innumerable factors determine
the development in international relations, it is not possible
to foresee exactly the shaping of the relations of forces in the
world. That is why in the present relationship of forces in
Europe Serbia may not take any choice as choice without
alternative, to avoid a permanent blackmailing.
Key words: geopolitics, geoeconomics, neutrality, European
Union, Eurasia
.
:

.
,

.
:
? '' ''
? ''''
424

?

,
. ,
.
.

,

. ,
,
- '' '',
- .
: , ,
, ,

Babi, Blagoje S., Ekonomija Azije, Megatrend univerzitet, Beograd,

2008.
Babi, Blagoje S., Geoekonomija stvarnost i nauka, Megatrend revija,
Vol. 6(1)2009, Megatrend univerzitet, Beograd, 2009.
, ., ,
, 128,
, , 2009.
Babi, Blagoje S., Jedan mogui odgovor Jugoslavije na integracije u
Evropi: To valkaniko paradigma, Meunarodni problemi,
2/1990, Institut za meunarodnu politiku i privredu, Beograd,
1990.
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, A Geos trategy for Eurasia, Foreign Affairs, Sep
tember/October 1997.
Zaki, Katarina; Juri, Ana; Babi, Blagoje S., Uloga interkulturnog
menadmenta u strategiji razvoja ekonomskih odnosa Srbije
sa Azijom, Zbornik radova, Megatrend univerzitet, Beograd,
2008.
, . .; , . . ( ),
-

425

: ,
, , 2008.
, . ( ),
, ,
, , 1945 1949.
, ,
, , ,
2013.
Stepi, Milomir Geopolitika orijentacija Srbije: evroatlantizam i/ili
evroazijstvo, Megatrend revija, vol. 2 (2) 2005, Megatrend
univerzitet, Beog rad, 2005.
Haushofer, Karl Ernst, Geopolitics of the Pacific Ocean and Studies in the
Relationship Between Geography and History (English transla
tion and analysis), Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston, 2002.

426

327:911.3(497.11:4-672 U+470+57)

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4

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24.04.2012, http://srb.fondsk.ru/news/2012/04/24/rusiia-i-balkan-preko-beogra
da.html, 12.09. 2013.

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, Advance 10.09.2013, http://www.standard.rs/alen-horvat-

430

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geopolitika-evroazijske-unije-ili-od-crne-rupe-do-veze-medju-svetovima.html,
11.09.2013.
6

: ,
, http://www.nspm.rs/kuda-ide-srbija/evroazij
ska-unija-kao-otpor-kulturnoj-i-politickoj-hegemoniji-zapada.html,
12.09.2013, .

: ,
, (.
) , , 2008, . 40-41.

,
, , 1-2/2009, V, vol 5,
, , 2009, . 63-64.

431

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(-, ),
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buffer zone
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2015.

, ,
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10.
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9

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: : 2016.
, http://www.nspm.rs/hronika/igor-pana
rin-zelim-da-vec-2016-godine-beograd-postane-cetvrti-glavni-grad-evroazijskeunije.html, 13.09.2013.

11

: Anton Barbashin, Hanna Thoburn, The Kremlin Colapsing Euro

asian Sandcastle, The National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/
the-kremlins-collapsing-eurasian-sandcastle-9042, 12.09.2013.
, , .

432

: ...

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: Zbignjev Beinski, Velika ahovska tabla, CID, Podgorica,
2001.

14

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. 24-26

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, 2009; Nicholas Spykman, The Geography of Peace, Harcourt, Brace&Co,
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, ,
, , , 1997, . 62.

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, . 1/2010, 17, 27,
, , 2010, . 39.

440

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,
-
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25

,
: , ?
, http://www.standard.rs/kuda-ide-ukrajina-1-ili-petar-is
kenderov-kao-da-pocinje-treci-svetski-rat.html, 17. 09.2013.

441

: 1) 2)
3) (
)26.
,
,

.
.
, ,
,


.

. ,
:


?
Aleksandar Sasa Gajic
INSIDE GEOPOLITICAL GAP:
SERBIA BETWEEN EU AND EURASIAN UNION
Resume
This paper observes geopolitical position of Serbia and Ser
bian lands in the 21. century as a result of geostrategic de
composition at the end of 20. century, when the whole Balkan
area was transformed into the space of domination of atlan
tists geopolitical option while Russian continental influence
has been dramatically decreased. In geostrategic sense, Serbs
and surrounding countries inhabited by Serb went, from
phase of semi-encirclement, throughout last half decade, in
to position of almost fully encirclement with EU and NATO
26

, , ,
, 2010, . 27. , 2010. http://www.fes.ba/publikacije/RUSI
JA201009-1.pdf

442

: ...

member-states. Today, they represent some kind of grey zo

ne yet not fully integrated into the euro-atlantic structures.
Historical constants of Serbia`s position and actual geopo
litical gap in which it is placed are being observed, as its
relations with EU which is experiencing crisis, but also with
alternative process of formation of Eurasian Union as geopo
litical consolidation of continentalists Heartland. Then, the
main geopolitical influences and their strategies on Serbian
lands are being analysed, so as their strength and perspecti
ves which they are bringing onto Serbia and its people.
Key words: geopolitical positon of Serbia, European Union,
atlantism, Mitteleurope, Eurasia.


:

,
I
- ,

,
.
,

, ,

-
,
,
.
,
,



,
443

.


,
.
: ,
, , , .

Barbashin, Anton; Thoburn Hanna, The Kremlin Colapsing Euroa

sian Sandcastle, The National Interest, http://nationalinterest.
org/commentary/the-kremlins-collapsing-eurasian-sandca
stle-9042, 12.09.2013,
Beinski, Zbignjev, Velika ahovska tabla, CID, Podgorica, 2001.
, , -
, , . 2/2012, .
VII, vol. 14, , , 2012.
, , , , (.
, )
, , 2013.
, , , 1 , ,
, 2004.
, ,
21. , , . 17,
,
, 2012.
, , ?
, http://www.standard.rs/kuda-ide-ukrajina-1-ili-petar-is
kenderov-kao-da-pocinje-treci-svetski-rat.html,
17. 09.2013.
, , ,
,
, , 1997.
, , , , ,
, 1995.
444

: ...

, , ,
, , 2009.
, , 2016.
, http://www.nspm.
rs/hron ik a/igor-pan ar in-zel im-da-vec-2016-god in e-beo
grad-postane-cet vrt i-glavn i-grad-evroa z ijske-unij e.html,
13.09.2013
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911.3::327(4)19/20(082)
911.3::327(5)19/20(082)
/
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: ). - 446 . : . ; 25 cm. - ( ; . 4)
300. - . 9-11: / . -
. -
. - Summary, .
ISBN 978-86-7419-268-9
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