Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 4 outcome No: 1Drainage

Drainage
Subdivision
The measurement of drainage may be divided into the following sections: Manholes or inspection chambers Main drain runs and fittings between manholes Branch drain runs and fittings between outlets and manholes Accessories (e.g. gullies) Sewer connection Testing f the foul water and the surface water drainage are separate systems! then usually each would be measured independently using the above se"uence. There may! however! be a possibility of combining manhole measurement if the construction is similar. #hen measuring surface water drainage! there must be liaison with the person measuring the roads and pavings in order to ascertain the position of gullies and channels. Similarly! there will have to be consultation with the person measuring the roofs in order to ascertain the position of rainwater pipes and to decide who will measure the connections if re"uired. #hen measuring foul water drainage! there will have to be similar discussion with the person measuring the plumbing in order to find out the position of soil pipes and outlets and again to establish who is to measure the connections. The opportunity should be ta$en during these discussions to chec$ that the drawings show drain runs leading from all service outlets.

Manholes
n moist cases the position of manholes will be shown on the drawings together with invert levels. f the e%isting and finished ground levels ad&acent to the manhole are not shown then these will have to be ascertained from the site plans! possibly by interpolation. A basic decision will have to be made as to whether e%cavation is to be measured fromt he e%isting gound level or! if there is e%cavation for other wor$ in the vicinity of the manhole! from the reduced level. 'sually the reduced level e%cavation ta$es place prior to the drain e%cavation and it would be correct to e%cavate drains from the reduced level! although one should state in the bill the method used. f there is filling ad&acent to the manhole! then an assessment has to be made as to whether the filling is li$ely to be carried out prior to the drain e%cavation. #hen this is the case the depths could be ta$en from the cover level! as e%cavation through fill is measured as normal e%cavation. f the filling is li$ely to be carried out after the drain e%cavation! for e%ample hardcore fill under roads! then the drain e%cavation will be measured from the original ground level. (rior to the measurement of manholes! it is wise to prepare a schedule of similar format to that shown below but there are several formats used by different "uantity survey. The
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Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 4 outcome No: 1Drainage schedule will enable manholes with similar plan dimensions to be spotted. Manholes with the same plan dimensions but differing depths may have their depths averaged for measurement purposes! although for e%cavation they must be within the same depth category. f information on the si*ing of manholes is not available then the following guide may be useful: +or inspection chambers up to ,--mm deep! the minimum internal si*e should be .--mm wide X ./-mm long! allowing up to two branches on each side +or manholes over ,--mm and up to 00--mm deep! the minimum si*e should be ./-mm wide X )1--mm long! allowing 0--mm in the length for each )--mm branch and 0./mm for each )/-mm branch. +or manholes up to 1.--mm deep! a cover of si*e 2-- X 2--mm should be provided! increasing to 2-- X ,--mm for deeper manholes. +or deep manholes an access shaft can be constructed at the top to within 1m of the benching. #hen the depth of the manhole e%ceeds ,--mm! step irons should be ta$en at 0--mm intervals.
MA34567 S8479'67 3r ) 2./ /20X2./mm 1 etc 8han Base /@.2 /20 ./2./ .//20 A02./ A0A/. X A/. 8 BS 73 )1A 9 A:;AM 3 S <7 97(T47 7=8A>AT 53 S <7 )/8538 BAS7 S <7 )/-;8 85>7; 85>7; ? +;AM7

)/- )0) )0)0 X )A1/

,,0 X ))-/

(Manhole schedule contd.) 3r #A66S 537 B; 8B 47 :4T : ;T4 1 2./ C /- D .1/ E )//./ /20 2./ 1F)10@ D 1F1A.2 AF1)/ D @2002

84A3376

B;A384 B739S

B' 69 3 739S +our )--mm

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)--mm Str Two )--mm 2./mm long

2 etc.

The measurement of manholes is generally carried out as for other building wor$ e%cavation is described in terms of pits and the number stated in the description. (recast concrete cover slabs are enumerated! but in situ slabs have to be measured in detail with separate items for formwor$ and reinforcement! builtEin ends of pipes! channels! benching! step irons! covers and intercepting traps are enumerated! but in situ slabs have to be measured in detail with separate items for formwor$ and reinforcement. BuiltEin ends of pipes! channels! benching! step irons! covers and intercepting traps are enumerated and described giving si*es. f preformed manholes are used then the e%cavation and associated in situ concrete wor$ are measured in the same way but the unit itself is enumerated and fully described.
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Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 4 outcome No: 1Drainage

Drain runs
5nce the manholes have been measured! it is a comparatively simple matter to measure the main drain runs between. The depth of the drain e%cavation will usually be the same as that for the manhole at each end! although a small ad&ustment may have to be made if the bed below the manhole is of different thic$ness to that below the drainpipe. The depths at each end of the drain run will be averaged and the depth classified in 1/-mm stages. Trenches for pipes are measured as linear itemsG those up to 1--mm diameter can be grouped together! for those over 1--mm the si*e is given. 7arthwor$ support! treating bottoms! filling and disposal are all deemed to be included with the trench item. Bedding for pipes is classified as one of the following: ). Beds 1. Beds and haunchings 0. Beds and surrounds A. >ertical casings n the case of (1) E (A) the si*e of the pipe has to be given. n the case of ()) and (1) the width and thic$ness of the bed have to be given and in addition in (0) the thic$ness of the surround. n the case of (A) the si*e is given. (ipes are measured as linear items measured over all pipe fittings! described as in trenches with the nominal si*e and method of &ointing. Strictly spea$ing! the pipe length will be longer than the trench to allow for building in to the sides of the manhole. n practice! however! it is unli$ely that measurement could be that accurate! particularly if the drawing is to a small scale. (ipe fittings such as bends are enumerated as e%tra over the pipe. Branch drain runs are measured in the same way as main drain runs and again a schedule should be prepared before measurement. The important difference is that branch runs are connected to the manhole at one end only. At the other end will be either a gully or a connection to a soil pipe or similar outlet. The depth of the trench at this end will depend upon the si*e of the gully or rest bend but for normal circumstances could be ta$en as 2--mm. f bends are used! then it must be remembered that the pipe must be measured to include their length. :ullies and other accessories are enumerated and describedG &ointing to pipes and concrete bedding being deemed included. Bac$ and side inlets! raising pieces and gratings should be included in the description of the gully. 'sually two bends are re"uired in a pipe coming from a gully as there may have to be a change in direction as well as an ad&ustment to achieve the correct fall. 8ircular top or two piece gullies may! however! reduce the need for direction change. The connection to the public sewer! if carried out by the contractor! is enumerated and described. f the connection is carried out by the statutory authority! as is usually the case! then a provisional sum is included to cover the cost of the wor$. 8are must be ta$en to ascertain the e%tent of the wor$ done by the authority and to include for the remainder in the measured wor$. The wor$ fre"uently involves e%cavation across the highway! which would re"uire special provisions such as traffic control! lighting and reinstatement. t should also be noted that wor$ beyond the boundary of the site has to be $ept separate.

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age 0

Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 4 outcome No: 1Drainage Testing the drainage system is included as an item! stating the method to be used. The e%tent of testing re"uired should be ascertained from the appropriate authority.

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age A

Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 4 outcome No: 1Drainage

NTK Lokuliyana BCAS

age /

Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 4 outcome No: 1Drainage

Further Readings
Standard Method of Measurement of Building Works, Seventh Edition Revised 199 (6ondon: ; 8S Boo$s! ),,@). (atric !B. ? (atric! M. (1--.)SMM! E"#lained $nd %llustrated, ; 8S! Sandra! 6.!#illiam! T.!?#illis! A. (1--/) Willis&s Elements of 'uantit( Surve(ing) 0rd!ed.! Blac$well! pp 1/-E1//

vor 4. Seeley ? ;oger! #. (),,,) Building 'uantities E"#lained) /th.ed.! Macmillan!

NTK Lokuliyana BCAS

age 2