Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 2 outcome No: 1 Reinforced Concrete Structures

Reinforced Concrete Structures

This type of works involves the measurement of a number of components comprising a combination of concrete, steel reinforcement and formwork. The measurement of a reinforced concrete structure requires a clear and logical approach to the order of the take-off so that items are not missed. The work may be subdivided into several parts of the building then taken off floor by floor, measuring the concrete, formwork and reinforcement for each floor. In some instances it may be more practical to measure all of one type of structural components, such as columns, throughout the building. It is also advisable to measure the associated formwork after the concrete so that is not overlooked, and in any case the same dimensions are usually applicable.

Columns
Columns should be measured between floors; in counting the number of columns, one column is taken at each grid point on every floor level. n two story building there would therefore be two columns at each point, one on the ground floor and one on the first floor. The concrete is measured in cubic metres. The formwork to simple columns is measured as a superficial item, taking the concrete length multiplied by the girth and stating the total number of columns. This allows the estimator to value the cost of forming the column kickers, which are not measurable, and to add on allowance per square metre to the column formwork

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Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 2 outcome No: 1 Reinforced Concrete Structures

Structural Floors and Roof

'tructural floors and roofs are measured to the overall dimensions to the outside edge of the columns or beams. The slab concrete is measured as a cubic item, the thickness of the slab being identified as not e(ceeding !)*mm, !)*to to +)*mm, and e(ceeding +)*mm ,slabs in the same class can be grouped together-. The soffit formwork is measured as a superficial item to the net area e(cluding beam soffits and column heads. .urther information is given in the description, such as the thickness of the concrete and the support height. /epending on the comple(ity of the floor plan a typical bay si0e could be measured and then be multiplied by the number of bays or the area could be measured overall and then the beam and column areas deducted. .ormwork will also need to be measured to the slab edges and should be measured as a liner item, stating the height in accordance with '112 3, 4*.5

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Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 2 outcome No: 1 Reinforced Concrete Structures

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Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 2 outcome No: 1 Reinforced Concrete Structures

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Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 2 outcome No: 1 Reinforced Concrete Structures

Beam
%eams should be measured between the columns. 6here these are attached to concrete slabs then the volume of concrete is added to the slab concrete ,/+.a-. this does not affect the description of the slab because it is the general thickness that is given in the description. The formwork to the sides and soffit of the beams is measured as a superficial item using the concrete length and cross - section si0es to obtain the superficial area. 6here beam sides and floor edges coincide, the floor edge is added to the girth of beam formwork. There is no need to make any deduction from the measurements for 7unctions of members,1!!-.

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Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 2 outcome No: 1 Reinforced Concrete Structures

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Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 2 outcome No: 1 Reinforced Concrete Structures

Walls
6alls are measured in the same way as slabs and it should be noted that they include attached columns in the same way that the beams were added to the slabs. It is common practice to cast a small part of the wall with the slab. This is called a wall kicker, although it makes no difference to the concrete measure, it does affect the formwork. & linear item is taken for the wall kicker and measured on the center line of the wall; the price is to include for formwork to both sides. .ormwork to walls e(ceeding 5m high needs to be identified and kept separate.

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Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 2 outcome No: 1 Reinforced Concrete Structures

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Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 2 outcome No: 1 Reinforced Concrete Structures

Reinforcement
The '11 requires that the weight of bars shall include that for bends and hooks2 for each hook, one can usually add nine times the diameter of the bar rounded to the ne(t !* mm. if the length of the concrete is used for calculating the length of the bar, then the concrete cover must be deducted, i.e. in the case of a !4mm bar !!*mm must be added at each end less the amount of concrete cover. It is measured linear and then converted to weight prior to billing. The calculation of number of bars generally follows the approach used in dealing with rafter or floor 7oist. The distance between first and last bars is divided by the spacing of the bars, and by adding one to the result the number of bars can be calculated. .abric reinforcement is measured superficially to the actual area covered, the estimator allowing in the price for the loss of material due to the laps.

Reinforced Concrete Staircases

The in situ concrete in the steps, waist, string beams and base block are all grouped together in reinforced in situ concrete, stating the mi( or strength, in staircases ,3!*.!5-. this is followed by the formwork measured in meters to the stairflights, stating the number and widths of stairflights and describing the waists, risers and giving the width of strings,34*24).!.!.*-. &lternatively, dimension diagrams may be used. .ormwork to stair flights is deemed to include soffit, risers and strings ,34*2C)-. .ormwork items are however required to spandrel ends and the base block, and dimension diagrams have been incorporated to help the estimator. .ormwork to soffits of landings is dealt with in the same way as soffits of slabs ,34*2;.!-4.!-5.!-4-. ;
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Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 2 outcome No: 1 Reinforced Concrete Structures

The concrete and formwork items are followed by the steel reinforcement measured linearly in the firs instance, to subsequently converted to weight. 'traight, bent and curved bars are distinguished from those in links, which include stirrups and binders, and each diameter of bar is kept separate ,35*2.!.!.!-+.*-. The remaining items in the staircase are then taken, including the surface treatment of concrete, where appropriate, granolithic paving to treads and risers and associated work. The metal balustrading is measured under an appropriate heading in metres with a dimensioned or component drawing ,$5!2.4-, followed by e(tra over enumerated items for ornamental ends and the likes to handrails. .inally painting to balustrading is measures in m< as 18*29.!.!.*

E05:13

E20:9

Group E ercise =ead the 'ection 3!*, 34* and 35* and identify the relevant classification, measurement rules, definition rules and coverage rules which describe the above work items.

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Advanced Measurement Lecture note No: 2 outcome No: 1 Reinforced Concrete Structures

References
Standard Method of Measurement of Building Works, Seventh Edition Revised 1998 ,$ondon2 =IC' %ooks, !;;:-. >atric ,#. ? >atric, 1. ,4**9-SMM7 Ex lained !nd "llustrated, =IC', pp)9 to ;4 'andra, $.,6illiam, T.,?6illis, &. ,4**)- Willis#s Elements of $uantit% Surve%ing& 5rd,ed., %lackwell, pp 4**-4*5

'eely I, @. ,!;:;- !dvanced Building Measurement' Macmillan

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