Particle Weight Fraction Effect On Bending of Epoxy Particle Composite

International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org, editorijaiem@gmail.com Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847
Particle Weight Fraction Effect on Bending of Epoxy particle Composite

Randa K.Hussain1, Asrar A. Saeed2, Suror Noori Esmaeel3, Sahar Abd Alaziz 4 , Halah F. Daear5
Al-Mustansiriyah University- College of Science, Baghdad, Iraq
ABSTRACT
Epoxy matrix reinforced by particles of silica and alumina with different weight fractions were investigated for mechanical properties such as stress-strain and bending. The filler particles content was varied from 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% by weight of total matrix in the composites were subjected to bending tests. The composites showed improved in bending properties with increase filler content, composite materials have significantly higher modulus of elasticity than the matrix material.
Keywords: epoxy composite, young modulus, bending, stress-strain.
1. INTRODUCTION
Polymer - particle composites have received considerable interest in the materials field because of their potential for large gains in mechanical properties. However, polymers are usually combined with filler materials to improve mechanical, thermal, electrical properties and stability [1]. Epoxy is a thermoset polymers, after curing (the uncured base resins are thermoplastic) have better mechanical properties than most other castable plastics [2]. Epoxies resins may reinforce with organic fillers [3], but it widely reinforced with inorganic particles such as carbon [4], Aluminum-trihydrate [5], Graphite [6]. By inserting the inorganic compounds as fillers, the properties and performances of polymers improve such as enhancing crack resistance, reducing shrinkage, influencing mechanical strength etc, and hence has a lot of applications depending upon the inorganic material present in the polymers. The size of particles, the interfacial adhesion, the dispersed inorganic filler in polymer matrices, compatibility between filler and matrix phases are important effect on performance of composite [7]. Bending properties are strongly affected by the quality of the interface in composites, i.e. the static adhesion strength as well as the interfacial stiffness, which plays a major role in promoting the filler reinforcement [8]. Bending stress-strain could be used to study the changes induced by addition of filler. In the present work, materials have been prepared a series of filled epoxy composites with filler loading to study the effect of the filler content on bending.
2. CHRACTERIZATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS

Article foundation used in this research is the epoxy rating type (Quick mast 105) as it is in the form a viscous liquid at room temperature, which is up to (18-30 oC ) turns to solid-state after add hardener to epoxy rating by (2:1) any (2gm) of epoxy is added to (1gm) of hardener. Then the two types of reinforcement materials (ceramic powder) were used to string the epoxy rating. Alumina Al 2O3 Silica SiO2 Molding method was used hand-layup molding in the sample preparation process, as has been prepared:1-Sample of epoxy minutes alumina compatible 2 - Sample of the epoxy minutes silica compatible Where in this process, in addition to strengthening materials epoxy rating and mix with it before intransigence, as silica foam was added to the mix during mixing to prevent deposition of ceramic materials by (1gm) for each sample as is this article. After the completion of the solidification process for all samples for 24 hours the samples are extracted from the mold is then the process of heat treatment electric oven at a temperature up to (50 oC) for two hours after the cut samples by special models mechanical tests.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Hook's behavior of the material is distinguished by the bending test. The materials were tested by three point test; where the ratio (mass/deflection) is supposed as criteria of material obeys to Hook's law. For epoxy the load to material strain is around unity, which is mean it is obeys linearly Hook's law as shown in figure (1). The (mass/ deflection) ratio for samples reinforced with silica is near unity, this is not for (6 %) sample which gives the highest ratio, samples reinforced
Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2013
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with alumina shows increasing in (mass/deflection) ratio than silica samples as shown in figure (2) and figure (3).That indicates the applied stress to material strain is propionate as one to one, i.e. material is behave in Hook's law, material response to load is not equally where material behave is not Hook's.
300 250 200
Mass(gm)
150 100 50 0 0.1 0.15 0.2 De fle ction(m m ) 0.25 0.3
Figure 1 Mass-deflection of epoxy (gram)

300 250
Mass(gm)
200
2%
150 100 50 0 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 Deflection(mm) 0.2 0.25
4% 6% 8%
0.3
Figure 2 Mass/deflection of epoxy reinforced with silica (gram)

300 250 200
2%
Mass(gm)
150 100 50 0 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
4% 6% 8%
0.25
Deflection(mm)
Figure 3 Mass/deflection of epoxy reinforced with alumina (gram) The stress strain relationship is defined by Hook's law:
E (1) Where is stress ( F / A in Mpa) F: is applied load (in N), and A: is area under test (in mm2), (unitless), and E is Young modulus (Gpa). Form bending test Young modulus is calculated by equation:
E gL3 M x 3 4 * (bd ) S
(2)
is strain
Where: M and S are mass of load (in Kg) and deflection (in mm) respectively and curve variation mass with deflection.
M is represent the slope of S
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The stress-strain relation is diagrammed for epoxy, epoxy-silica composite, and epoxy-alumina composite as illustrated in figures (4), (5), and (6). Materials shows elasticity range behaves, that is compatible with (mass/deflection) ratio criteria.
2.5
2
stress (x10-3Mpa)
1.5
0.5
0 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 strain x10-4
Figure 4 Stress-strain relation of epoxy (MPa)

3 2.5
stress(x10 Mpa)
2% 4%
2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 5 10 15 strainx10

-4
6% 8%
-3
20
25
30
Figure 5 Stress-strain relation of epoxy/silica (MPa)

3.5 3
stress (x10 -3Mpa)
2% 4% 6% 8%
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 5 10 strain x10

-4
15
20
25
Figure 6 Stress-strain relation of epoxy/alumina (MPa) Young modulus (the modulus elasticity), were determined for epoxy composite of silica filler and alumina filler. Generally Young modulus gained increasing with concentration for both fillers. Samples with Silica filler show increasing in elasticity with filler weight and providing maximum elasticity at 6% filler weight, and alumina addition gives maximum Young modulus at 4% , where elasticity give seldom decreasing with filler weight as given in figure (7) and figure (8). Table (1) provides the Young modulus for particles reinforced epoxy matrix composites. It is observed that the modulus increases as the filler concentration increases because of absence of voids in the composite, good mixing of the filler in the matrix, the decreasing is due to decreased availability of epoxy material to bond all the filler particles in the matrix.
Page 371

Table 1: Young modulus of materials Material Epoxy Filler Weight 0% 2% Epoxy-Silica composite 4% 6% 8% 2% Epoxy-Alumina composite 4% 6% 8% Young Modulus 493.5 MPa 432.4 MPa 526.6 MPa 1196.1 MPa 873.2 MPa 614.1 MPa 596.2 MPa 546.1 MPa 692.0 MPa
1300
1100
Young Modulus(Mpa)
900
700
500
300 0 2 4 6 8 10
Filler Weight(%)
Figure 7 Young modulus variation with silica filler weight (MPa)

800
700
Young Modulus(Mpa)
600
500
400
300 0 2 4 6 8 10 Filler Weight(%)
Figure 8 Young modulus variation with alumina filler weight
4. CONCLUSION
Elasticity of composite materials is significantly higher than that of the matrix material and it is progress to the weight fraction of reinforcement material, but it become more effective at 6% for silica. The highest modulus of elasticity is that of the composite with which is 2.423 times higher than that of the matrix material. While of composite with 8% alumina has modulus of elasticity 1.402 times higher than that of the matrix material.
References
[1] A. Akinci, "Mechanical and structural properties of polypropylene composites filled with graphite flakes", Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 35, Issue 2, 91-94, 2009. (Journal style) [2] Polymer data handbook, Oxford University Press, Inc., 1999. (Book style) [3] G. Sui, S. Jana, A. Salehi-khojin, S. Neema, W. Zhong, H. Chen, and Q. Huo, , " Preparation and Properties of Natural Sand Particles Reinforced Epoxy Composites", Macromol. Mater Eng., 292, p.467473, 2007. (Journal style)
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[4] J. Wu, and D.L Chung, "Calorimetric study of the eect of carbon llers on the curing of epoxy", Carbon 42, p. 30033042, 2004. (Journal style) [5] B. Mutnuri , "Thermal Conductivity Characterization of Composite Materials" , MSc. thesis Submitted to the College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University , 2006. (Thesis style) [6] S.Bhagat, and P. Verma, "Effect of Graphite Filler on Mechanical Behavior of Epoxy Composites", International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering , Volume 3, Issue 2,p. 427-430, 2013. (Journal style) [7] D. Dean., R.Walker, M.Theodore, E.Hampton, and E.Nyairo, "Chemorheology and properties of epoxy/layered silicate nanocomposites", Polymer. Vol. 46, p. 3014, 2005. (Journal style) [8] T. Hsieh, and A. Kinloch, "The mechanisms and mechanics of the toughening of epoxy polymers modified with silica nanoparticles", Polymer vol. 51, p. 6284, 2010. (Journal style)
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Particle Weight Fraction Effect On Bending of Epoxy Particle Composite

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)