Ambs

Bate

Boehm

Chapman

Coltman

Debost

Garner

Gilbert, via Floyd

Goll-Wilson/ Debost

Griswold

Hahn

Kincaid

Kincaid, via Krell

Knight

Montgomery

Morris

Nyfenger

Ott

Putnik

Quantz

Rampal, via Debost

Riley

Taylor

Toff

Underwood

Westphal

To achieve the upper octaves on the flute

version 1.0 push harder with abdominal muscles blow harder; increase breath pressure increase air speed change throat move jaw move jaw forward move chin raise jaw/chin change embouchure change lips relax corners of lips tighten embouchure allow lips to change in response to harder blowing press lips together push lips forward move lower lip forward aperture smaller change shape of aperture change direction of airstream blow higher across hole blow lower into hole cover more of embouchure hole reduce distance from aperture to edge increase distance from aperture to edge roll flute inward

yes no yes yes yes yes yes no no yes yes no yes no slight yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes no no yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes not too far yes yes yes yes, or jaw yes yes yes no as little as possible yes no yes yes no yes optional yes, or lips yes yes yes no yes no yes yes no yes

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Sources
Ambs, Robert F. Approaching the Upper Register. In Woodwind Anthology, vol. 1. Northfield, IL: The Instrumentalist Company, 1999. 85. Bate, Philip. The Flute. London: Ernest Benn Ltd., 1969. 26, 29. Boehm, Theobald. The Flute and Flute-playing. New York: Dover, 1964. 117-118. Chapman, F. B. Flute Technique, Fourth Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973. Coltman, John W. Acoustics of the Flute. In Woodwind Anthology, vol. 1. Northfield, IL: The Instrumentalist Company, 1999. 111. Debost, Michael. Flute: Finding the Paths to Tone and Technique. In Woodwind Anthology, vol. 1. Northfield, IL: The Instrumentalist Company, 1999. Teachings of Jean-Pierre Rampal, 670. Debost, Michel. The Simple Flute. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 18, 68, 143, 155. Floyd, Angelita S. The Gilbert Legacy. Cedar Falls, IA: Winzer Press, 1990. Teachings of Geoffrey Gilbert, 75, 78. Garner, Bradley. The Flutists Guide to Tone Production and Vibrato. In The Flutists Handbook: A Pedagogy Anthology. Santa Clarita, CA: National Flute Association, 1998. 71. Goll-Wilson, Kathleen. and Michel Debost. Basics for Beginning Flutists. In Woodwind Anthology, vol. 1. Northfield, IL: The Instrumentalist Company, 1999. 691 Griswold, H. Gene. Teaching Woodwinds. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008. 17-19, 64. Hahn, Richard R. The Flute Embouchure and the Soda Straw. In Woodwind Anthology, vol. 1. Northfield, IL: The Instrumentalist Company, 1999. 191. Kincaid, William. Rediscovering Kincaids Notes on Flute Performance. In Woodwind Anthology, vol. 1. Northfield, IL: The Instrumentalist Company, 1999. 683. Montgomery, William. Flute Tone Production. In Woodwind Anthology, vol. 1. Northfield, IL: The Instrumentalist Company, 1999. 235. Morris, Gareth. Flute Technique. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. 17. Nyfenger, Thomas. Music and the Flute. Closter, NJ, 1986. 73. Ott, Hal. Flute. In Teaching Woodwinds, edited by William Dietz. Belmont, CA: Schirmer, 1998. Putnik, Edwin. The Art of Flute Playing, Revised Edition. Miami: Summy-Birchard, 1970. 10-11. Quantz, Johann Joachim. On Playing the Flute, translated by Edward R. Reilly. New York: The Free Press, 1966. 53. Riley, James. Toward a Better Flute Tone. In Woodwind Anthology, vol. 1. Northfield, IL: The Instrumentalist Company, 1999. 50. Taylor, Laurence. Difficulty with Upper Notes. In Woodwind Anthology, vol. 1. Northfield, IL: The Instrumentalist Company, 1999. 71. Toff, Nancy. The Flute Book, Third Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 95-96/ Underwood, Jervis. Tone Quality and the Embouchure. In Woodwind Anthology, vol. 1. Northfield, IL: The Instrumentalist Company, 1999. 82. Westphal, Frederick W. Guide to Teaching Woodwinds, Fifth Edition. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1992. 26-27. Knight, John. Flute Intonation. In Woodwind Anthology, vol. 1. Northfield, IL: The Instrumentalist Company, 1999. 529. Krell, John C. Kincaidiana, Second Edition. Santa Clarita, CA: National Flute Association, 1997. Teachings of William Kincaid, 5, 72.

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