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Week 1: The history of pharmacy and its evolving scope of practice

Objectives
Subsequent to viewing the video modules relating to the history of pharmacy and its evolving scope of practice, the attentive student should be able to describe:

What is meant by a profession and how social utility, social sanctions, and social responsibilities define what it means to be a professional. How pharmacy practice has changed over time The roles Hygeia, Galen, Paracelsus and Paul Ehrlich played in pharmacy's history. The emergence of an independent profession of pharmacy separate from the practice of the physician.

What is meant by a pharmacopeia and how pharmacopeias have evolved since ancient times.

The evolution of the practice of pharmacy in America and significant 20th century changes that help shape contemporary practices.

Content Videos
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Orientation: Course Overview Welcome to Week 1 What is a Profession? What is Pharmacy? Pharmaceutical beginnings and the emergence of a distinct profession of pharmacy

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The evolution of pharmacopeias The evolution of pharmacy practice

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Interview Videos

Doc Lamberjack April Delahunty Cathy Kuhn Denitza Davis

ssignments
Required: Write a short (200-300 words) definition of "pharmacy" Optional: Tweet an abbreviated version of you definition of pharmacy to @Prof_Hale

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1. 2. 3. Is pharmacy a profession? (Hint: Think about the social sanction of "autonomy ") What would you add to the Webster's Dictionary definition of "pharmacy"? Eugene White had a vision for a different approach to community pharmacy practice in 1960. What is your vision for how community pharmacists may practice differently in the years to come? 4. 5. Are counterfeit drugs still a significant problem in the 21st century? How do we reconcile the contemporary emphasis on collaborative practice with historical trends separating the medical and pharmaceutical professions?

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Pay special attention to historical trends in the separation of the work of physicians and pharmacists, drug quality, the dynamic between didactic and experiential training for pharmacists, and the evolution of pharmacy practice.

'harmacy #"ndamentals
Adulteration: To corrupt, debase, or make impure by the addition of a foreign or inferior substance or element; especially: to prepare for sale by replacing more valuable with less valuable or inert ingredients. (Websters Dictionary) Apothecary: General medical/pharmacy practitioners dating back to 2600BC. Bowl of Hygeia: A symbol of pharmacy from Greek Mythology. Compounding: The preparation and mixing of various ingredients to make a dosage form of a drug in accordance with a prescription. Covenant: a usually formal, solemn, and binding agreement (Websters Dictionary Online) Dispensing: Reviews, record keeping, drug product preparation and labeling, checking, and patient counseling when distributing prescription medications. Evidence-Based Medicine: The use of therapies proven to be effective through sound research to guide the treatment of patients. Formulary: A listing of medications approved for use within an institution or covered by third-party payors. Hospitals typically appoint a Pharmacy & Therapeutics (P&T) Committee to select medications for formulary inclusion. Galenicals: Crude (impure) medicinal extractions, usually from plants. Health Maintenance Organization (HMO): A type of health insurance plan that usually limits coverage to care from doctors who work for or contract with the HMO. It generally won't cover outof-network care except in an emergency. An HMO may require you to live or work in its service area to be eligible for coverage. HMOs often provide integrated care and focus on prevention and wellness. (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services) I.V. Admixture: The sterile preparation of small volume intravenous fluids containing medications for patient administration. These medications are usually piggy-backed by administration through an existing i.v. fluid line.

Licensure/License: permission granted by a competent authority to engage in a business or occupation or in an activity otherwise unlawful (Websters Dictionary Online) Over-the-Counter: Medications approved by FDA for use without a prescription (non-prescription). Personalized Medicine: The individualization of a patients therapy based on his or her unique characteristics using genetic and other available information. Pharmaceutical Care: The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving outcomes that improve a patients quality of life. (Hepler & Strand, 1990) Pharmacopeia: Official listings of medicinal drugs with standards for their preparation and use. Unit Dose: Drug distribution systems which utilized single-unit packaging with label identification on each dose. These systems improve medication safety because the drug can be identified until administration to the patient and produce cost savings due to the ability to re-use returned doses. Unit dose systems are routinely used in hospital and other health-system practices.

To (earn )ore Introduction to Pharmacy (review avatar module) Pharmacy: A Brief History of the Profession, by Joseph L. Fink, B.S> Pharm, J.D. Royal Pharmaceutical Society, Museum information sheets: Objects in the history of pharmacy

#"rther *eading Sonnedecker G. Kremers and Urdang's history of pharmacy. 4th ed. Madison, Wisconsin: American Institute of the History of Pharmacy; 1976. Higby GJ, Stroud EC. American pharmacy (1852-2002): A collection of historical essays. Madison, Wisconsin: American Institute of the History of Pharmacy; 2005. Tone A, Watkins ES, eds. Medication modern America: Prescription drugs in history. New York, NYL New York University Press; 2007.