LATIN 1: THE EASY WAY (c) 1999 by C.J.

Cherryh
I used to teach th s sub!ect. I use a "ethod that#s a $ tt$e d %%ere&t tha& the sta&dard' a "ethod a "ed at resu$ts' &ot trad t o&' a&d &o &eed to $ear& (ra""ar at the outset' )he& you#*e (ot e&ou(h &e) th &(s to $ear&. I% you $ear&ed by the trad t o&a$ "ethod you "ay % &d th s rad ca$$y d %%ere&t+ but trust "e. I% th s s &e) to you...( *e t a try. ,o)&$oad th s % $e a&d )or- ) th the . eces a&d see % you do&#t th &- th s s eas er tha& $e(e&d says t s. Th &- o% /re& Ca"ero&' ) th "ore tha& s &(u$ar a&d .$ura$ to )orry ) th...a&d try a& a$ e& $a&(ua(e. I#*e %ou&d Lat & %$ue&cy "ore *a$uab$e "yse$% tha& a&y other sub!ect I e*er stud ed: *ocabu$ary' $o( c' )or$d0bu $d &(' h story' cu$ture' reaso& &( a&d (e&era$ -&o)$ed(e. I ca& read sc e&t % c te1ts & sub!ects I &e*er stud ed...because to "e the sc e&t % c !ar(o& "a-es .er%ect se&se. A&d % a (ood &u"ber o% "y * s tors )ou$d $ -e to $ear& ho) to th &- a&d s.eaLat & beyo&d the 2 sess o&s be$o)' I#$$ co&t &ue th s sect o& %ro" t "e to t "e. Let "e -&o). /ASIC INTE3ACTI4N 5 rst o% a$$' &ot e*ery hu"a& bor& th &-s & the sa"e order. E&($ sh s "oderate$y u&usua$' & %act' & the )ay t .atter&s thou(hts. Let "e sho) you the Lat & thou(ht .atter&. 6ACT43 7ACTE,0894N: 6ACTI4N: No)' th &- about that. T)o u& ts. The % rst .ac-a(e s' say' ;<arcus /rutus7Caesar.; 6Actor7Actee: So' )hat' -&o) &( h story' )ou$d you e1.ect the act o& to be= The 6Act o&: s .retty )e$$ e1.ected %ro" the assoc at o& o% the % rst t)o .arts. 4>= We e1.ect...6stabbed or - $$ed or assass &ated:. That#s r (ht.

No) th &- o% a&other 6actor7actee: a&d a rea$$y $o( ca$ 6act o&:. Ho) about ;The "a&7the ru&a)ayhorse; %o$$o)ed by 6cau(ht:. Has to be a s &($e s ".$e act o&. Noth &( %a&cy' yet. Try se*era$ "ore $o( ca$ a&d ob* ous co"b &at o&s. I& Lat &' the *erb ?act o&@ s o%te& a &o0bra &er. 4% course' the hearer says to h "se$%' t#s thus a&d such. E*ery $a&(ua(e has set e1.ectat o&s. I& Lat &' the "ost ".orta&t u&dersta&d &( s the 6actor7actee: set. The 6act o&: s' ) th a $ot o% .ract ce' do)&r (ht (uessab$e. NEAT: Lat & )ords cha&(e e&d &(s accord &( to the r duty. ACT43S ha*e a bas c s.e$$ &(....;<arcus /rutus;. ACTEEs cha&(e that s.e$$ &( to e&d & the 0" sou&d ?0a"' 0u"' or 0e"@. Why th s ha..e&s...as- $ater. Just trust that % ;<arcus /rutus; )ere&#t the h tter' but the h tt0ee' he#d be ;<arcu" /rutu".; Let#s say Caesar sa) <arcus /rutus. I& Lat &' the actor7actee s ;Caesar7<arcu" /rutu"; a&d the act o& s ;sa);. Tu$$ a ?a )o"a&#s &a"e@ sa) <arcus /rutus. 6Tu$$ a <arcu" /rutu": ;sa).; <arcus /rutus sa) Tu$$ a. 6<arcus /rutus Tu$$ a": 6sa).: Neat tr c-: because Lat & sho)s use by cha&(es & s.e$$ &(' you ca& tur& a state"e&t &s de out a&d u.s de do)& a&d the "ea& &( does&#t cha&(e. 6Tu$$ a"7<arcus /rutus: 6sa): s e1act$y the sa"e as 6<arcus /rutus7Tu$$ a": 6sa):. Th s re*ersa$ s & ce %or .oetry...but rare. Sa*e that tr c- %or $ater. ,o t the .$a & )ay. <arcus /rutus Tu$$ a" 6sa):. So"e )ords to use %or .ract ce. <arcus /rutus ?a "a&#s &a"e@ say: "ar0-oos bru0toos+ "ar0-oo"' etc. Tu$$ a ?a )o"a&#s &a"e@ say: T440$ee0ah+ T440$ee0ah". Tu$$ us ?a "a&#s &a"e@ say: T440$ee0oos+ T440$ee0oo". Caesar ?a "a&#s &a"e: th s s o&e o% the 0e" sort' &ot u&co""o&. The actor *ers o& s Caesar+ actee s Caesare".@ say: >Y0sar+ >Y0sar0ay".

%e" &a ?ca& you .oss b$y (uess t#s a& 0a" ty.e=@ "ea&s #)o"a&#. Say: 5AY0 "ee0&ah. <a&y )ords o% th s t "e are )o"e&#s &a"es. So are the )ords %or: casa ?casa"@ "ea& &( #house'# tabu$a ?tabu$a"@ "ea& &( #tab$e#' ur&a ?ur&a"@ "ea& &( #.ot' !ar' co&ta &er#' aBua ?aBua"@ "ea& &( #)ater#' a&d .orta ?.orta"@ "ea& &( #door# or #access# or #(ate.# Not e*ery o% the ty.e has to do ) th houses a&d the r %ur& sh &(s' but a $ot do. .atr a ?a&other 0a"@ "ea&s #cou&try# as & #&at *e $a&d#. Say 9AH0tree0ah. 4h' %or(ot to "e&t o&: Lat & does&#t ha*e a )ord %or ;a' a&' the; a&d rare$y uses ;"y' yours' h s' the rs.; You ca& say ;<arcus /rutus .atr a"; 6 betrayed: a&d t "ea&s <arcus /rutus 6betrayed: ?h s@ cou&try. Trust "e. It does. 4-' there#s a$$ o% $esso& o&e a&d so"e )ords to .$ay ) th.You ha*e&#t $ear&ed the ACTI4N yet. That#s &e1t' a&d t#s &ot that hard' e ther. What you#*e (ot s the "ost bas c a&d ".orta&t )ord0assoc at o& & the )ho$e $a&(ua(e. I% you ca& do 6actor7actee: ra. d$y a&d accurate$y ) th *ar ous )ords' hey' you#re a th rd o% the )ay throu(h Lat & I se"ester o&e & a s &($e $esso&' a&d % you -&e) e&ou(h )ords' cou$d .robab$y (et a "ea$ a&d re&t a roo" & a& && a&y)here & the 3o"a& E". re. C4 T4 LATIN: D TECHNICALITIES: No) (&ore )hat#s be$o) % tech& ca$ )ords are&#t your cu. o% tea: but %or those )ho )a&t to -&o) the (ra""ar' I#$$ re terate )hat I !ust sa d & (ra""at ca$ !ar(o&: You#*e !ust $ear&ed t)o #cases# o% a$$ Lat & &ou& c$asses' the actor ?&o" &at *e case@ a&d the actee ?accusat *e case.@ Lat & &ou&s co"e & % *e c$asses' or s.e$$ &( (rou.s' a$so ca$$ed #dec$e&s o&s#. We ha*e&#t (otte& to .$ura$s' but that ) $$ co"e. ;Cases# are &oth &( "ore tha& # &sta&ces# o% )ords & use. No b ( dea$. Lat & &ou&s ?&a"es o% .eo.$e7.$aces7th &(s7co&ce.ts@ ha*e % *e cases & a$$. <ore o& th s $ater. You -&o) t)o. You &o) -&o) the bas c )ord order o% the Lat & se&te&ce.

LATIN THE EASY WAY: 9art D. (c) 1999 by C.J. Cherryh No) that you -&o) the ACT437ACTEE .atter&' $et#s )or- o& ACTI4N. ACTI4NS (e&era$$y e&d & 0t. It ca& be 0at' 0et' or 0 t' de.e&d &( o& #c$ass# ?s.e$$ &( (rou.@ o% the )ord & Buest o&. ,o&#t )orry about WHEN a th &( ha..e&ed+ $et#s assu"e e*eryth &( )e ta$- about ha..e&s &o) be%ore our eyes. We#$$ &ot say ;/rutus - $$ed Caesar; but rather ;/rutus s - $$ &( Caesar.; ;Caesar sees /rutus.; The ; s ... &(; or the ;...s; %or" s the s ".$est %or": th &- o% t as &e)s.a.er head$ &es...or the re.ort %ro" that %ra&t c %e$$o) ru&& &( to)ard you do)& the street..... 6ACT437ACTEE: 6ACTI4N:. 6<arcus /rutus7Caesare": 64CCI,0 t.: <arcus /rutus Caesare" occ d tE <arcus /rutus - $$s7 s0- $$ &(7"urders CaesarE 65e" &a7<arcu" /rutu": 6FI,0et: A )o"a& sees7s.ots <arcus /rutus. 6<arcus /rutus7Caesare": 6NEC0at:. <arcus /rutus s$ays7s$au(hters7"ess $y0- $$s CaesarE Three d %%ere&t ACTI4N )ords & three d %%ere&t s.e$$ &( c$asses. There are 4CCI,ere ty.es' FI,Gre ty.es' A8, re ty.es a&d NECare ty.es. Ho) to te$$ the e&d &( to use' )hether t#s 0 t' 0et' or 0at= We$$' you#$$ &ot ce %or o&e th &( the e&d &(s do&#t sou&d "uch d %%ere&t. 3o"a&s re(u$ar$y " ss.e$$ed the". ?I% you " sta-e the"' &o o&e#s (o &( to &ot ce % you#re s.ea- &(. Wr t &(' )e$$' I do&#t e1.ect you to do too "uch better tha& the 3o"a&s.@ /ut here#s the )ay you te$$: NECare ty.e *erbs use 0at+ 4CCI,ere a&d A8,Hre ty.es use 0 t' a&d FI,Gre ty.es use 0et. The d ct o&ary a$)ays $ sts *erbs ) th the 0o %or" a&d ) th the 0?I@re %or"' .$us t)o others. Ta-e the ca. ta$ Jed .art o% the )ord' .ut the correct e&d &( o& t' a&d ?tru".et %a&%are@ you#*e (ot t. A sa".$e o% ho) to do th s= occ do...occ dere ?- $$7"urder@ say: 4>0-ee0doh...o-0>EE0deh0reh ?&o "ar- o& the e. I hate to brea- the &e)s that the 3o"a&s d d&#t use those .es-y "ar-s' but they d d&#t. They d d t a$$ by ear. I% there#s &o acce&t "ar-' the acce&t (oes /E543E the 0ere e&d &(. I% there s o&e' t (oes 4N the 0Gre. The other t)o

- &ds' the Hre a&d the Kre ty.es' are a$)ays $o&(: t#s o&$y the #e# that ca& be o&e or the other. The )orst you#$$ do s ha*e 0 t )he& you shou$d ha*e 0et. I% you ha*e to . c- %ast' . c- 0 t: )hy= There are "ore o% that - &d o% *erbE So occ do...occ dere beco"es: occ d t. ?- $$s' "urders' does &' s$ays@ habeo...habGre beco"es habet. ?has' o)&s@ a"o...a"are beco"es a"at. ?$ -es' $o*es@ Cot t= * deo...* dGre...?see' s.ot@ say: WEE0day0oh...)ee0,AY0reh ?that acce&t "ardra(s the acce&t bac- to the G@ Lat & s .ro&ou&ced a $ot $ -e Ita$ a&' by the )ay. ?No sur.r seE@ Wh ch s )hy the 0e0 sou&d s 0ay0 ' .art cu$ar$y to the A"er ca& ear. /ut )hy s the 0*0 .ro&ou&ced #)a#= It a$)ays s. &eco...&ecKre ?- $$ "ess $y7s$au(hter@ say: NAY0-o...&ay0>AH0reh Let#s $ear& so"e "ore cheer%u$ act o&s: a"o...a"Kre ?$o*e@ AH0"o...ah...<AH...reh ca. o...ca.ere ?catch7ta-e7. c- u.7s&atch7arrest7u&dersta&d' as & (otchaE@ >A90 ee0oh....>A90ayr0reh aud o...audHre ?hear' $ ste& to' .ay atte&t o& to@ 4W0dee0oh' o)0,EE0reh te&eo...te&Gre ?(et7u&dersta&d7ho$d7ha*e@ TAYN0ay0oh...tay&0AY0reh 3e* e): <echa& cs: To "a-e the 0 t70et70at %or": cut o%% the 0ere70are70 re70Gre %ro" the seco&d %or" o% each ACTI4N...a&d .ut o& 0et %or the 0Gre ty.es+ 0at %or the Kre ty.es' 0 t %or a$$ the others. ,o &ot doub$e #s' a#s or e#s. Correct a&s)ers= : occ d t' * det' &ecat' a"at' ca. t' aud t' te&et. > $$s' sees' s$au(hters' $o*es' ta-es' hears' has. ?te&Gre a&d habGre "ea& *ery c$ose to the sa"e th &(. /oth "ea& #ha*e#' but te&et bes des "ea& &( #has# ca& "ea& #ha&(s o& to.; A&d habet ca& "ea&' & street s$a&(' ;he#s - $t the (uyE; As you -&o) %ro" E&($ sh' )here #(et do)&# has Bu te a %e) "ea& &(s' )hat ha..e&s to those )ords #o& the street# "ay be so"eth &( Bu te d %%ere&t tha& you see & the a*era(e d ct o&ary.

< sta-es= 5 (ure out )hy the r (ht a&s)er s the r (ht a&s)er. Loo- c$ose$y at those acce&t "ar-s. 6<arcus /rutus Caesare": 6aud t.: Caesar <arcu" /rutu" a"at. 5e" &a <arcu" /rutu" ca. t. <a-e u. your o)&. Wa&t a %e) e1c$a"at o&s to e&$ *e& your $a&(ua(e= Try: EcceE ?AY0-ay@ Wo)E or Loo-E or Y .esE A$so: Loo-out%orthatchar otE 9ay atte&t o&E a&d the "ore so"ber: eheuE ?EH0he)@ )h ch ca& be tra&s$ated as a& e1.ress o& ra&( &( %ro" oh' dearE to: s00tE We$$..... You#*e !ust $ear&ed e*ery .$a & act o& & the $a&(ua(e. I% you )a&t to' % &d Casse$$#s Lat & , ct o&ary at your %r e&d$y &e)ssta&d' a&d you ca& ha&d$e a&y .$a & ACTI4N & that *ery th c- boo-. Whe& you $oo- u. a& act o&' $ear& both %or"s. Say the" to yourse$% a$oud. Th s ) $$ be use%u$. Caut o&: those o% you ta- &( Lat & & schoo$: "y "ethods are dec ded$y u&orthodo1. I% your teacher te$$s you d %%ere&t$y' res.ect )hat your teacher s te$$ &( you a&d do th &(s h s )ay: he#s ( * &( you the (radesE <y )ay s s ".$er' a&d Bu te d %%ere&t' &te&ded to (et you s.ea- &( % rst' -&o) &( (ra""ar seco&d. /ut I do&#t )a&t to co&%use you. We e&d u. say &( e1act$y the sa"e )ords+ o&$y our routes ?a&d ru$esE@ are d %%ere&t. A&d .$ease do&#t re.eat the bad )ords. C4 T4 LATIN: 2 TECHNICALITIES: Abo*e' I#*e ( *e& you the th rd .erso& s &(u$ar *erb o% a$$ L #co&!u(at o&s# or *erb #c$asses# a&d sho)& you ho) to der *e the #root# %ro" the # &% & t *e ?0re %or"@...1st co&!u(at o& *erbs are the 0are#s' a&d a$)ays use 0at. D&d co&!. *erbs

are the 0Gre#s a&d a$)ays use 0et. 2rd co&!. *erbs are a$)ays 0ere a&d use 0 t. Lthd co&!. *erbs are a$)ays 0Hre a&d a$so use 0 t. 543 TEACHE3S AN, C3A<<A3IANS: ?The sta&dard "ethod s to der *e the #ste"E# %ro" the &% & t *e' ta- &( o%% o&$y the 0re' a&d add &( 0t' the& %or 2rd a&d Lth c$asses' "a- &( tra&s%or"at o&a$ cha&(es@ Why do I use th s u&orthodo1 "ethod= /ecause )he& & %uture' ".er%ect' a&d other %or"s' the stude&t ca& a$)ays use the sa"e #root#' ) th &% 1es' ) thout the add t o&a$ cha&(es a&d *o)e$ sh %ts the #ste"# reBu res. 5or the stude&t stru(($ &( ) th the ear$y %or"s' I#*e %ou&d t eas er to e1.$a &' eas er to do' eas er to "e"or Je' because there#s &o cha&(e & the root.@
E&d o% Lesso& D

LATIN2: 4>...so you &o) -&o) the bas c state"e&t. 6ACT437ACTEE: 6ACTI4N: <arcus /rutus7Caesare" occ d t. Su..ose )e !ust )a&ted to say &ot ;<arcus /rutus; but ;he; s - $$ &( Caesar= I ha*e a dea$ %or you. You (et th s $esso& %or %ree. You a$ready -&o) ho). Ho)= Lea*e out the actor. Lea*e the )ords ;<arcus /rutus; out. The *erb ha..e&s to be the #he# %or". 4r the #she# %or". E*e& the # t# %or". You !ust say... Caesare" occ d t. A&d t "ea&s He s - $$ &( CaesarE or He#s - $$ &( CaesarE <a( ca$' eh= Lat & s a $a&(ua(e o% *ery %e) )ords. 4% course...A&to&y cou$d say' a%ter Caesar had bee& out o& the to)&' re%err &( to Caesar#s ) %e Ca$.ur& a' ;Caesare" occ d t'; "ea& &( ;She#s - $$ &( Caesar.; 3o"e )as a s"a$$ to)&' co".arat *e$y s.ea- &(. He' she' or t....E*eryo&e -&e) )hat you "ea&t. 5e" &a Caesare" occ d t. The )o"a& s - $$ &( Caesar. Caesare" occ d t. He s - $$ &( Caesar' she s - $$ &( Caesar' or you cou$d e*e& say' Ce&a Caesare" occ d t. Ce&a= That "ea&s d &&er. ?say: -ay0&a@ It#s - $$ &( Caesar. Ca$.ur& a#s coo- &(' .erha.s. Ho)#s that %or %ree -&o)$ed(e=

I -&o)' I -&o)' &o) you )a&t to -&o) ho) to say I#" - $$ &(' you#re - $$ &(' a$$ that sort o% (ory th &(. /ut $et#s &ot co&%use ourse$*es. St c- to th s s ".$e .atter&. ?ACT437ACTEE: 6ACTI4N: or ?" ss &( actor@7ACTEE: 6ACTI4N: <ore )ords to .$ay ) th: ce&a...d &&er $u.a...she0)o$% $u.us..he0)o$% cer*us....deer' "a$e taurus....bu$$ *acca....co)+ say: WAH0-a ?a$$ *#s are .ro&ou&ced as )#s@ Ca$$us....a Cau$ /r ta&&us....a /r to&+ say: bree0TAHN0&oos /r ta&& a..../r ta &+ say: bree0TAHN0yah Ita$ a....Ita$y %ac o...%acere ?"a-e' do' co&struct' create@ %oru"...a .ub$ c "eet &( .$ace' a %oru" ?actor7actee de&t ca$: %oru"@ 3o"a....3o"e ?yes' r#s are ro$$ed@ 5$ore&t a...5$ore&ce: say: %$o)03AYN0t0ya ($or a.....re.utat o& ?(ood@' %a"e ars...?(oes to arte"@....art: say: A3SSS. A30te". ca$a" tas..?(oes to ca$a" tate"@ d saster +say: -ah0LAH0"ee0tahs.

c * tas....?(oes to c * tate"@ a c ty as a .o$ t ca$ u& t' a state' a c ty0state. say: >EE0)ee0tahs' -ee0)ee0TAH0te". urbs...?(oes to urbe"@ a c ty as a& urba& ce&ter' a c ty.

Say Caesar s ta- &( 3o"e. He has /r ta &. Caesar has a re.utat o&. /rutus s creat &( a d saster. Ca$.ur& a s creat &( art. Ca$.ur& a s "a- &( d &&er. Caesar s creat &( a c ty0state. Caesar s bu $d &( a c ty. 3o"e has a re.utat o&. The )o"a& s ta- &( d &&er. The )o$% catches the deer. The she0)o$% s catch &( her su..er. He s bu $d &( a c ty. He s creat &( art. It ta-es the deer. Loo-E the )o"a& s catch &( Ca$.ur& a. The )o$% )atches the deer.

<a-e u. your o)&. Co&sta&t$y co&s der 6ACT437ACTEE: a&d the 6ACTI4N:) $$ su((est tse$%. Try so"e ) th #he#' #she# or # t# as ACT43. ?Yes' there are ACTEE %or"s o% he7she7 t: $ater %or those.@ TECHNICALITIES There are &o&e' to s.ea- o%. These act o& )ords are *erbs. You do&#t &eed to use a .ro&ou& ) th the" to e1.ress #he' she# or # t.# I% there#s &o ?ACT43@ e1.ressed' the *erb ha&d$es t. TECHNICALITIES: Yes' Lat & has .ro&ou&s. It does&#t use the" "uch. You tech& ca$ bu%%s (et th s o&e %ree' too.

LATIN: The Easy Way, part 4

1999 by C.J. Cherryh All right, you a! !o" #ra$e a basi i!tera tio! o# people. %ou a! state "hat&s goi!g o!. There are a !u$ber o# "ays to go #ro$ here, 'epe!'i!g o! !ee'. Let&s, ho"e(er, )eep it si$ple. Let&s a'' other people to the $i*. Let&s a''...you+ ,o" 'o you 'o that.ar us /rutus Caesare$ o i'it, eheu+ .ar us A!to!ius .ar u$ /rutu$ o i'it. 0oor Caesar+ /ut let&s say, "ithout getti!g too o$pli ate', that %12 see, you at h, you u!'ersta!', you 'o a! array o# thi!gs. Easy 'o!e+ 3e$e$ber ho" you a'' 4it, 4et, or 4at to say: ,E 'oes itTo say you 'o it, a'' 4is, 4es, or 4as. 5%125 has be o$e the 6ACT13789 i! the 6a tor7a tee9 tra!sa tio!. :i! e you is %12, the 6a tor9 is ta)e! are o#, 'o!e, all ha!'le'+ 6;you<7Caesare$ o i'is+9

:o$eo!e $ight say that to /rutus. As a $atter o# #a t, i# poor Caesar ha' gotte! a ha! e to #i!ish his se!te! e, ;Et tu, /rute,< the rest o# it "oul' ha(e bee!....you guesse' it.....Caesare$ o i'is+ A!' the o$plete $ea!i!g "oul' ha(e bee!, 5E(e! you, /rutus, are $ur'eri!g Caesar+5 2!#ortu!ately the assassi!s ga(e hi$ !o ti$e to be gra$$ati al. 1h. What&s that #u!!y #or$ o# /rutus- It&s a tually pro!ou! e' at both e!'s: /3114tay. It happe!s to be a spe ial #or$ o# the "or' #or $ale !a$es "he! you tal) T1 $e!. No other type o# "or' 'oes that. Just

$e!&s !a$es. It "as a tually ru'e to start a se!te! e "ith a $a!&s !a$e i! that #or$. It ha' the e##e t o# 5,ey+ %ou+5 :o you a! see that Caesar, "ho "as a (ery #i!e "riter, i!sti! ti(ely re$e$bere' to sti ) :1.E "or' i! #ro!t o# /rutus& !a$e to pre(e!t it bei!g #irst i! the se!te! e+ I al"ays sai', hey, i# poor ol' Caesar a! re$e$ber to be polite u!'er su h ir u$sta! es, so a! I. I! E!glish, i# "e use a "or' that "ay, "e set it o## i! o$$as. ,ey+ .ar)+ %ou ha(e a o"+ I! Lati!, ,eus+ ;,A%oos+< .ar e+ =a a$ habes+ Ce!a$ a$as. %ou li)e the 'i!!er. Carru$ te!es. ; arrus7 arru$: art7"ago!7 ar< %ou ha(e a ar. As you a! see, o!(ersatio!s i!(ol(i!g o!ly &you& are pretty li$ite'. TEC,NICALITIE:: The se o!' perso! si!gular, 5you5, is 'o!e by a''i!g 4is, 4es, or 4as. E!' report.

LATIN: T,E EA:% WA%, part >

1999 by C.J. Cherryh 1?, hoi es, hoi es. :o $a!y hoi es. /ut let&s try to deny so$ethi!g. Let&s say so$eo!e I:N&T 'oi!g so$ethi!g. ,o",ere&s your patter!: :a$e as be#ore: 6a tor7a tee9 N1T 6a tio!.9 .ar us A!to!ius Caesare$ !o! o i'it. .ar us /rutus Caesare$ o i'it. .ar) A!to!y is!&t )illi!g Caesar. .ar us /rutus is )illi!g Caesar. Cer(us lupu$ !o! apit. Lupus er(u$ apit. The 'eer is!&t at hi!g the "ol#. The "ol# is at hi!g the 'eer. Calpur!ia e!a$ habet. Caesar e!a$ !o! habet. Cleopatra Caesare$ a$at. Calpur!ia Cleopatra$ !o! a$at. Curru$ !o! habes. Curru$ !o! habet. A!to!ius urru$ !o! habet. Let&s try a #a! ier "or' tha! @ust 5!ot5. Let&s try 5!e(er5, or that other "or' o# ti$e, 5so$eti$es.5 A!' the! #or (ariety, 5right !o"5 or 5!o".5 !u$Aua$ ;N11.4)"a$< !e(er i!ter'u$ ;IN4tayr4'oo$< so$eti$es, o asio!ally. !u! ;N11N)< !o". ia$ ;yah$< !o" or &by !o"&, espe ially "ith 5!o!5, as i! 5!o! ia$5 ....!ot a!y $ore.

Caesar urru$ !u$Aua$ habet. Caesar !e(er has a ar. Calpur!ia urru$ i!ter'u$ habet. Calpur!ia urru$ !o! ia$ habet. A!to!ius urru$ apit. Calpur!ia A!to!iu$ !u! !o! a$at.

TEC,NICALITIE:Not $a!y...but 5!o!5 or 5!ot5 is a! a'(erbB a!' a'(erbs o$e i! that positio! !o $atter "hat they are. %es, they a! (ary a!' ha!ge positio! #or e$phasis. /ut you&re pretty sa#e putti!g the$ here. /etter 'o o!e thi!g all the ti$e a!' the! (ary it o!ly a#ter that patter! is set i! your $i!'.

LATIN: T,E EA:% WA%, part C

1999 by C.J. Cherryh As)i!g Auestio!s. Tolerably easy, too. Lati! 'i'!&t ha(e Auestio! $ar)s. We use the$, si$ply be ause it&s our habit. To as) a Auestio! about a "or' or i'ea put 5a!5 ;say: a"!D i! #ro!t o# the se!te! e !e*t to the "or' you "a!t to ha(e i!#or$atio! about a!' put that "or' #irst i! the se!te! e. ;:ee "here it&s goi!g to be really use#ul that "or's ha(e e!'i!gs that tell about their #u! tio! !o $atter "here they appear i! the se!te! e-< To Auestio! a! a tio!: 444a'' the e!'i!g 4!e ;say: !ay< to the a tio! a!' put it #irst. To Auestio! a !ot4a tio!444a'' the e!'i!g 4!e to the 5!ot5 a!' put it #irst. /a ) to poor ol' Caesar.... A! /rutus Caesare$ o i'it- Is Brutus )illi!g CaesarA! Caesare$ /rutus o i'it- Is /rutus )illi!g Caesar? 1 i'it!e /rutus Caesare$- Is /rutus killing CaesarNo!!e /rutus Caesare$ o i'it- Isn't /rutus )illi!g Caesar-

Nu$....!o" there&s a "or'. :ay: !oo$. It $ea!s, 51h, surely !ot5 Nu$ /rutus Caesare$ o i'it. 1h, surely /rutus is!&t )illi!g Caesar+ Ce!a$ habes. Nu$ e!a$ habes- No!!e e!a$ habesA! (a a$ habesA! er(us lupu$ apitA! lupa er(u$ apitNo!!e lupa er(u$ apit-

Let&s ha(e so$e !e" "or's to "or) "ith. gla'ius gla'iu$ ;s"or'< gla'iator gla'iatore$ ;gla'iator, s"or's$a!, #ighter< s utu$ s utu$ ;ah+ a !euter "or'+ sa$e #or$ #or a tor a!' a tee+< say: :?114too$ sa*u$ sa*u$ ;say: :1E4oo$< loose ro ) or $aterial o# ro ), as i! a big li##B sto!e ia io ia ere ;say %A4)ee4oh, %A4)eh4reh< hea(e, thro" li)e a spear or ball. paro parare ;0A,4ro, pa43A,4reh< #i*, prepare, get rea'y aAua aAua$ ;A?4"ah, A?4"ah$< Fla'iator gla'iu$ te!et. Fla'iator sa*u$ te!et. Ge$i!a tabula$ parat. Calpur!ia aAua$ habet. Te!et!e Calpur!ia ur!a$- A! #e$i!a aAua$ habet- A! gla'iator sa*u$ ia it- Tu, /rute+ Nu$ sa*u$ ia is- Capit!e lupus Calpur!ia$- .ar us /rutus lupu$ (i'et. No!!e /rutus lupu$ (i'et- Lupa gla'iatore$ apit. Fla'iator s utu$ parat.

:o$eo!e as)e', by the "ay, i# I&' pro(i'e $ore pra ti e: @ust "ait+ Whe! I get you o!li!e #ol) up to spee' ;!ot too $a!y $ore lesso!s< I a! start pro(i'i!g you the o$i s I use' to use "he! I taught. I 're" a!' "rote the$, a!' they pro(i'e a (isual o!!e tio! #or "or's, so you lear! !e" "or's "ith a! i$age i! #ro!t o# you. Te h!i alities: These "or's o# Auestio! te!' to be lasse' "ith a'(erbs ;(erbal $o'i#iers<. That&s !ot, i! $y $i!', a urate, be ause they are a group, so$e o# "hi h go "ith (erbs, so$e o# "hi h go "ith !ou!s, a!' it see$s to $e "e&re "or)i!g too har' to $a)e Lati! agree "ith E!glish, a la!guage it !e(er hear' o#. I all the$ I!terrogati(e 0arti les, a!' that&s

probably as goo' a 'es riptio! as e*ists, a little "or' you sti ) i! #ast to a'(ise your hearer you&re as)i!g a Auestio!.

LATIN H: T,E EA:% WA%

1999 by C.J. Cherryh NoteB I @ust ha' a rea'er re$i!' $e o# a s e!e i! the #il$ Life of Brian. Those o# you "ho ha(e gotte! this #ar "ill appre iate the 53o$a!s go ho$e5 seAue! e. I "ish I oul' re!'er it here. ,o"e(er... We&re getti!g lose to basi #lue! y. To'ay "e lear! that 5is5 is !o or'i!ary a tio!...i! #a t, it&s !ot a! a tio! at all+ :o there&s !o a tee+ EVERYBODY'S a! a tor i! a! 5is5 se!te! e+ A!' you ha(e ;a tor7a tor< 5is5+ est.....?he' she t@ s ;:You .ut the )ords & the usua$ .os t o&s....; s; co"es $ast. Caesar 3o"a&us est. Caesar s 3o"a&. Caesar s a 3o"a&. Caesar s the 3o"a&.....a$$ those th &(s are the sa"e. 4&e th &( IS the other. There#s &o tra&sact o&. She IS Sa$$y. ;She; M ;Sa$$y.; No 0u"sE <arcus /rutus 3o"a&us. 5e" &a Ca$.ur& a est. No& estE ....?He@ s&#tE No&&#est= ...or No&&e est= Is&#t he= :No&&e est Ca$.ur& a= That#s Ca$.ur& a' s&#t t= She#s Ca$.ur& a' s&#t she= See ho) E&($ sh has a $ot o% &ua&ces %or that Buest o&....but Lat &#s .retty stra (ht%or)ard' o&e .$a & Buest o&...Is&#t she Ca$.ur& a= 5e" &a <arcu" /rutu" * det. <arcus /rutus 3o"a&us est. Ca$.ur& a 3o"a&a est. ?Note that 3o"a&us s 3o"a&a %or a 3o"a& ?%e"a$e@.@ C4 T4 Lat & N TECHNICALITIES

est s a& &tra&s t *e *erb. The ;be; *erb ?a"' s' are' )as' )ere' be' bee&@ s h (h$y rre(u$ar & "ost Euro.ea& $a&(ua(es: t#s o&e o% those odd"e&ts you !ust ha*e to "e"or Je. You ca& see our o)& $a&(ua(e s .retty rre(u$ar o& th s .o &t' tse$%E

LATIN I: T,E EA:% WA%

1999 by C. J. Cherryh Ne) )ords: &e) ty.e o% )ord. Jo & &(s o% t)o actors or !o & &(s o% t)o actees. et....a&d 0Bue...a&d ? & a set' usua$$y a .a r@ a&d &ot /ETWEEN the )ords' but a%ter the .a r. C$ad us scutu"Bue. S)ord #& sh e$d. 3are ) th .erso&s' "ore co""o& ) th th &(s. et A et /...."ea&s ;both A a&d /; Et Caesar et C$eo.atra..../oth Caesar a&d C$eo.atra... atBue...a&d ?*ery stro&(+ )e#d use ta$ cs o& such a )ord@ and; a$so "ea&s: ;a&d' )hat s "ore'; : Ca$.ur& a Caesare" atBue C$eo.atra" * det .....Caesar and C$eo.atra' both' ....or...Ca$.ur& a s. es Caesar' &ot to "e&t o& C$eo.atra....You ca& be %a r$y $oose tra&s$at &( th s o&e' as the "a & dea s a rea$$y stro&( and. <arcus /rutus et Caesar C$eo.atra"......ahE but )hat do )e do ) th the act o&= No $o&(er ;he;' but ;they;E We "a-e t a .$ura$ ?"ore tha& o&e actor@ act o&....a&d the bas c cha&(e= Where there )as 0t' use 0&t. 0 t : u&t7 u&t ?aud re a&d ts ty.e' the 0 re )ords' ha*e the e1tra ; ;.@ et: e&t at: a&t &e) )ords: " $es " $ te": say <EE0$ace' <EE0$ee0tay" "ea&s ;so$d er; ($ad us ($ad u".....s)ord scutu"...scutu"...sh e$d

bacu$u"...bacu$u"....sta%% ce&tur o...ce&tur o&e"... ser(ea&t. du1....duce".....$eader+ (e&era$ co&su$....co&su$e"...a co&su$ ?h (hest c * $ ra&-: .res de&t: there )ere t)o at a&y o&e t "e.@ ce&tur a....ce&tur a"......a ;ce&tury;' OP to 1PP "e&' s"a$$est o.erat o&a$ u& t o% the 3o"a& ar"y. $e( o.....$e( o&e".....$e( o& ?2PPP to OPPP@ aBu $a...aBu $a".....ea($e ?$e( o& sta&dard+ a$so a& ea($e' as & ) $d$ %e@ . $u"..... $u"....!a*e$ & ?o&e o% those &o0se1 )ords' $ -e scutu" a&d bacu$u"@ EcceE Et <arcus /rutus et Caesar C$eo.atra" * de&t. C$eo.atra 3o"a" * det. C$eo.atra Caesare" atBue <arcu" /rutu" * det. C$eo.atra Caesare" a"at. C$eo.atra Caesare" et A&to& u" a"at. C$ad atores Caesare" aud u&t. Caesar " $ te" duc t. . < $es scutu" . $u"Bue habet. C$ad ator ($ad u" et scutu" habet. Caesar " $ te" aud t. < $es Caesare" atBue A&to& u" * det. Cer*us cer*aBue $u.u" * de&t. < $ tes C$eo.atra" * de&t. Caesar $e( o&e" duc t. Ce&tur o ce&tur a" duc t. Caesar ce&tur o&e" duc t. C$ad ator et " $es 3o"a& * de&t. C$eo.atra Ca$.ur& a" * det atBue aud t. Ce&tur o bacu$u" te&et. ,u1 " $ te" duc t. ,u1 C$eo.atra" et A&to& u" * det. Le( o aBu $a" habet. ABu $a $e( o&e" duc t. Ce&tur o scutu" et ($ad u" .arat. < $es . $u" ac t. < $es &o& scutu" ac t. A& $e( o aBu $a" te&et= Te&et&e /rutus aBu $a"=

TECHNICALITIES E*ery $a&(ua(e has ts %a*or te .o &ts o% e$aborat o&. Se*era$ )ords %or ;a&d; "ay see" e1cess *e' but % you $ ste& to E&($ sh *ery care%u$$y' you#$$ &ot ce )e ha*e "ore tha& o&e )ay o% say &( ;a&d; such as sa$t #& .e..er ?$ -e 0Bue@ a&da&d' s.o-e& *ery stro&($y' %or rea$$y' rea$$y' rea$$y ;a&d;. The& !ust .$a & ;a&d; a&d ;both...a&d;...These are' you "ay re"e"ber %ro" h (h schoo$' ;co&!u&ct o&s.; The ;both...a&d; s a ;corre$at *e co&!u&ct o&;.